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Objective: This is a retrospective study of adverse events associated with preoperative computed tomography (CT)–guided hookwire or coil localisation. We analysed the experience and process flaws in resecting ground-glass nodules (GGNs) through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and determined the remedial strategy. Methods: Adverse events were evaluated in 40 patients with 45 GGNs who underwent CT-guided hookwire or coil localisation before VATS. For lesions not successfully marked or detected, palpation, resection of the highly suspected area, segmentectomy or lobectomy was performed. Results: Among all adverse events, 15 were dislodgement of the marking materials, 5 were breakaway of the marking materials, 7 were > 2 cm distance between the lesions and the tips, 3 was marking material across the two adjacent lobes, 15 were pneumothorax and 2 were certain parts of marking materials stuck into the chest wall. All GGNs were resected successfully. 20 lesions were detected by palpation. 9 GGNs were discovered after the resection of highly suspected areas. Segmentectomies and lobectomies were performed directly on 7 and 9 GGNs, respectively. Conclusions: When adverse events occur, a second intraoperative localisation, by resecting the highly suspected area either through non-anatomical resection (wedge resection) or anatomical resection (segmentectomy or lobectomy) using the VATS should be considered the alternatives for GGNs localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is important aquatic economic species in Asia. In recent years, due to the decline of wild resources of A. japonicus , in order to ensure the sustainable supply of seedlings, the broodstock rearing is particularly important during seedling production, reproduction is also an essential stage in the life history of A. japonicus. However，the physiology of marine animals undergoes variations during the process of reproduction. It is well known that the energy demand of broodstock increases and their immunity decreases during the reproduction. Intestinal microorganisms participate in host life activities, while the presence of pathogens and probiotics will affect host health. However, the function of intestinal microbiota in the energy and immunity during the reproduction remains unclear. In this study, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota in A. japonicus to investigate variations in microbial composition and KEGG pathways associated with reproductive periods. Results suggested that Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) was gradually increasing during reproduction, which increased host energy harvest, and was difference between male and female A. japonicus. Virulence Factors of Pathogenic Bacteria (VFBD) upregulated from the gonadal growth period. The higher expression of VFBD during the gonadal growth period than at other times may be caused by the fact that Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae are most abundant during this period. Lysozyme activity was upregulated during reproduction and peaked during the gonadal mature period, with a similar trend of variability as in VFBD, which carried out immunological protection against A. japonicus. The relative abundance of Saccharomycetaceae , and Bacillaceae was highest during the spawning period, and it has been identified that microorganisms strengthen immune protection against A. japonicus during this period, when A. japonicus was in a weakened state. Based on KEGG analysis, expression of oxidative phosphorylation and the fever pathway increased after spawning, indicating that reproduction causes oxidative stress in A. japonicus. Additionally, the differences in several KEGG pathways were related to sex. Overall, by analyzing the energy and immune systems, the study confirmed that intestinal microorganisms play vital physiological roles in broodstock of A. japonicus during reproduction. This study provided important information for breeding and the application of A. japonicus in aquaculture. • Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus , is one of the most economically important aquaculture species in Asia. This study confirmed that intestinal microorganisms play vital physiological roles in broodstock of A. japonicus during reproduction, microorganisms participate regulation of host energy metabolism, immune adjustment. • There are several pathogenic bacteria increased during reproduction. Post spawning, the number of probiotics increases, which can protect A. japonicus and provide immune compensation. • The composition of intestinal microbiome is also different in male and female individuals. • Several KEGG pathways changed, focused on energy metabolism and oxidative damage. • This study provided an important information for breeding and the application in aquaculture of A. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While offshore wind power has support from countries around the world, studies show that offshore wind farms (OWFs) may affect marine organisms. Environmental metabolomics is a high-throughput method that provides a snapshot of an organism's metabolic state. To elucidate the effects of OWFs on aquatic organisms, we studied, in situ, Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis attached within and outside of OWFs and their reef areas. Our results show that epinephrine, sulphaniline, and inosine 5′-monophosphate were significantly increased and L-carnitine was significantly reduced in both Crassostrea and Mytilus species from the OWFs. This may be related to immune response, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and osmotic pressure regulation of aquatic organisms. Our study shows that active selection of biological monitoring methods for risk assessment is necessary and that metabolomics of attached shellfish is useful in elucidating the metabolic pathways of aquatic organisms in OWFs. [Display omitted] • LC-MS-based metabolomics of shellfish from offshore wind farms and marine ranches. • Crassostrea and Mytilus gill metabolomes similar in the presence or absence of OWFs. • Identification of metabolites discriminating the different area-types. • Crassostrea and Mytilus metabolic pathways significantly different in OWFs and marine ranches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Reduced substrates produced by the serpentinization reaction under hydration of olivine may have fuelled biological processes on early Earth. To understand the adaptive strategies and carbon metabolism of the microbes in the serpentinizing ecosystems, we reconstructed 18 draft genomes representing dominant species of Omnitrophicaeota, Gammaproteobacteria and Methanobacteria from the Manleluag serpentinizing spring in Zambales, Philippines (hyperalkaline and rich in methane and hydrogen). Phylogenomics revealed that two genomes were affiliated with a candidate phylum NPL‐UPA2 and the references of all our genomes were derived from ground waters, hot springs and the deep biosphere. C1 metabolism appears to be widespread as most of the genomes code for methanogenesis, CO oxidation and CO2 fixation. However, likely due to the low CO2 concentration and election acceptors, the biomass in the spring was extremely low (<103 cell/ml). Various Na+ and K+ transporters and Na+‐driving ATPases appear to be encoded by these genomes, suggesting that nutrient acquisition, bioenergetics and normal cytoplasmic pH were dependent on Na+ and K+ pumps. Our results advance our understanding of the metabolic potentials and bioenergetics of serpentinizing springs and provide a framework of the ecology of early Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Large amounts of detrital organic matter and osmolytes accumulate in the sediments of hadal trenches (>6000 m depth) due to the funnelling effect. It is still unknown whether there are novel active microbes that depend on specific carbon sources in extreme and isolated environments. In this study, we present a novel active bacterial phylum, Candidatus Tianyabacteria in the FCB superphylum, which was enriched in sediments collected from the Challenger Deep. Genome binning resulted in high‐quality Ca. Tianyabacteria genomes representing two Ca. Tianyabacteria lineages (L1 and L2) in sediments 0–21 cm below the surface (cmbsf); L1 tends to be abundant in the upper layers (0–9 cmbsf), and L2 seems to be more prevalent in the deeper layers (12–21 cmbsf). Gene annotation and transcriptomics results indicate that the two lineages might import and catalyse amino acids and myo‐inositol into central carbon metabolism for a heterotrophic lifestyle. Probably due to differences in environmental oxygen levels, the L2 genomes harbour gene clusters responsible for denitrification and fermentation, while the L1 genomes encode octahaem cytochrome c and multicopper oxidase using unknown substrates. The Ca. Tianyabacteria are thus novel heterotrophic organisms that participate in processes of carbon, nitrogen and organic osmolyte cycling in hadal sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Adverse effects of antifouling compound butenolide were studied using marine medaka. [•] The active ingredient in SeaNine 211, DCOIT, was employed as positive control. [•] Butenolide induced transient, reversible biological effects on marine medaka. [•] Lower toxicity of butenolide on marine biota highlights its promising application. [•] The increased sensitivity of male medaka addresses the gender difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]