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While tremendous advancements in 2D materials anchoring Au nanoparticles have been made, it is an urgent challenge to explore a green and facile approach for obtaining small-size Au nanoparticles. The rise of 2D covalent organic framework (COF) presents more-promising candidates for constructing excellent sites for loading metal nanoparticles. In this study, a novel 2D heterogeneous hybrid nanomaterial (P6-Au-COF) based on COF and pillar[6]arene (P6) reduced Au nanoparticles (P6-Au) is prepared by a simple and green procedure. The Au nanoparticles with an average small diameter of 2–3 nm are homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the COF. The P6-Au-COF hybrid material shows highly catalytic performance for the reduction of nitrophenol isomers when compared with commercial Pd/C catalyst and other reported materials. The P6-Au-COF hybrid material exhibits durable recyclablility and stability during the catalytic reaction. Considering the outstanding merits of the heterogeneous 2D catalyst of P6-Au-COF as well as the simple and green preparation, this research might not only present enormous opportunities for stabilized, high-performance and sustainable catalysts, but be applied in other frontier study of sustainable functionalized nanocomposites and advanced materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]