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Transformer is a critical component of electrical power systems, and its failure can disrupt the power supply. Additionally, the high investment cost of transformers emphasizes the importance of maintenance and improved service life. The transformer losses cause increased temperature in various parts of the equipment, particularly in the hot-spot temperature, which leads to insulation aging and decreases the service life of the transformer. This study investigates passive cooling techniques for an oil-immersed transformer by experimenting with four methods: shield (T-shield), photovoltaic panel canopy and cooling fan (T-PV/Fan), two heat pipes (T-Heat Pipe) and nanofluid (T-Nano Fluid) in a laboratory transformer with a 1750-W power. The bulk and hot-spot temperature of the oil tank are compared, and the results demonstrate that all techniques improve thermal management and expand the service life of the transformer. The photovoltaic panel and cooling fan (T-PV/Fan) have the highest effect and are expected to prolong the existing system's lifespan up to 48 years based on the IEC 60076 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, various phase change materials (PCMs) in combination with thermoelectric device were evaluated to storage solar energy and generate electricity. The PCMs were Rubitherm 35HC and Rubitherm 42, as industrial PCMs, along with margarine, sheep fat oil, and coconut oil, as edible PCMs. The main aim was to improve energy storage and cost-effective continuity of electricity generation in the absence of radiation by PCM with a longer shelf life. The results showed that energy storage materials can significantly impact electricity generation, particularly in the absence of radiation. Also, the storage efficiencies of different PCMs varied significantly when honeycomb fins were used. As a result, Rubitherm 35HC achieved the best performance with a storage efficiency of 71%, while sheep fat oil had the worst performance with a storage efficiency of 27%. Also, Coconut oil, margarine, and Rubitherm 42 recorded the storage efficiencies of 36%, 29%, and 47%, respectively. Rubitherm 35 not only significantly enhanced the energy storage efficiency but also resulted in a notable augmentation of voltage production by over 200%, compared to the circumstance when no PCM is used. Furthermore, the incorporation of honeycomb fins further amplifies this percentage to 222%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous solar steam generation requires a photoabsorber with high capillarity or a hydrophilic surface, the capability of floating on water and low thermal conductivity. Hence, we propose an alternative interfacial solar steam substrate made of soil as a novel cost-effective photoabsorber. For this purpose, three soil types, sand (0.05–2 mm), silt (0.002–0.05 mm) and clay (less than 0.002 mm), were used and floated using a polystyrene foam to reduce heat losses. Our results reveal that a maximum evaporative efficiency of 80.01 ± 3.1% at 1 kW m−2 was achieved for the silt sample, whereas the corresponding value for water alone was 23.22 ± 1.4%. In a desalination test, the quality of obtained water from the process greatly exceeds the World Health Organization's drinking water standards. The hydrophilic properties of silt prevent the deposition of impurities on its surfaces, ensuring high durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increment of energy demand, the current requirement for optimum design of a trigeneration system has become more imperative than ever. The present work deals with the simulation of the demand energy and optimization of a trigeneration system for a hotel building in Mashhad using GAMS software where four objective functions including energy, exergy, environment, and economy have been considered. The results indicate that the improvement of the objective functions was 30.88%, 30.90%, 30.76%, and 17.19%, respectively, compared to the traditional system. Lastly, advanced exergy analysis was performed on the trigeneration system to determine the amount and location of endogenous, exogenous, avoidable, and unavoidable irreversibility rates. The results elucidate that the gas engine has the highest potential in the efficiency improvement, followed by heat exchangers set, electrical chiller, absorption chiller, and gas boiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Solar-thermal conversion and thermal energy storage of different phase change materials" published in the Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. The correction addresses an error in the introduction section of the original article, where two sentences were incorrect. The corrected sentences emphasize the important role of solar-thermal energy storage in photothermal conversion applications and highlight the significant efforts dedicated to energy storage. The correction was made by the authors of the article. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Water vapor is vital both as an energy carrier and as an intermediary state for removing impurities from water. In nature, transpiration occurs when water is transported (against gravity) from the roots to the underside of leaves where it evaporates. Using this process, one large tree can pump and purify 400 L of water each day. Based on trunk cross-sectional area, this corresponds to a water flux range of ∼100–1000 kg/m2day, but based on evaporation area it only corresponds to a rate of ∼0.1 kg/m2day. Compared to industrial mechanisms of producing water vapor (i.e. typical thermal-driven systems have a flux of ∼4000 kg/m2day), natural wood has a relatively low flux. In an effort to boost the flux of sustainable, natural wood, we investigated wood surface modifications, laser carbonization and deposition of gold nanolayers, which achieved an instantaneous evaporation rate of ∼4 kg/m2h—under 3 kW/m2 light intensity, exceeding all previous studies of synthetic materials (including 3.8 kg/m2h reported by Zhou et al. in a 2016 Nature Photonics article) for solar steam generation applications. The cost analysis of different natural and synthetic material-based techniques for solar steam generation indicated that the carbonization and laser treatments are very cost-effective and even the gold coating was comparable to previously reported synthetic materials. Based on these results, we suggest that natural, surface-modified poplar wood could represent a viable alternative to synthetic materials for liquid/vapor separation. • Treated wood samples as evaporators were tested with a solar simulator (1–3 Suns). • Poplar wood sample of 5 mm length had the best capillary action. • Laser treatment was reported as a fast and accurate way of carbonizing wood surface. • Gold nanolayer coating and carbonized wood surfaces showed high solar absorption. • Combination method led to a record of 4.02 kg/m2 h evaporation rate at 3 Suns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effect of nanofluids in solar steam and pure water generation was investigated. • The performance of MWCNT, SWCNT, GO and GNP nanomaterials was compared. • The sensible heat storage of nanofluids during the light on and off were studied. • High quality of distilled water was proved by seawater desalination using nanofluids. In the present study, the performance of water based-nanofluids containing four different types of carbon nanostructures for solar vapor generation has experimentally been investigated. The considered nanofluids are multi-walled carbon nanotube, single-walled carbon nanotube, graphene nanoplate and graphene oxide. Nanofluids with three nanoparticle mass concentrations of 0.001%, 0.002%, and 0.004% were prepared and their evaporation characteristics were investigated for solar radiation intensities in the range of 1.5 and 3.5 Suns. The results indicated that the multi-walled carbon nanotube nanofluid with a mass concentration of 0.004% provides the highest evaporation rate with the maximum total efficiency of 94% at 3.5 Suns. The total efficiencies for nanofluids containing the single-walled carbon nanotube, graphene nanoplate and graphene oxide at similar conditions and that of pure water, respectively, are about 91%, 90%, 81% and, 54%. Furthermore, it is observed that for the mass concentration of 0.004%, the evaporation rate with respect to water increases to about 72%, 63%, 58% and 36%, respectively, for the multi-walled carbon nanotube, the single-walled carbon nanotube, graphene nanoplate and graphene oxide nanofluids. As far as the sensible heat is concerned, graphene oxide shows the most considerable sensible heating efficiency at the mass concentration of 0.004% with the maximum fluid bulk temperature rise of 20.5 °C, which is 40% higher than that of water. Finally, it was found that increasing the radiation intensity from 1.5 to 3.5 Suns improves the evaporation rate; however, the sensible heat efficiency is more influenced such that the evaporation efficiency declines. The quality of the produced water from a seawater sample is also examined and it was shown that it is well below the limitations of the drinking water standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the performance of the graphene oxide in the solar steam generation has experimentally been examined. For this purpose, a setup was built for measuring the evaporation rate, which consists of a solar simulator with a xenon lamp as a radiation source, a pyranometer for light intensity measuring, and a sensory system for measuring the temperature and the mass. Then, the nanofluid with three nanoparticle mass concentrations of 0.001, 0.002, and 0.004% was prepared and exposed to the light intensity of 3.5 Suns (3.5 kW m−2). Finally, the effects of the light intensity variations on the solar steam generation were studied at the steady and transition conditions. The results showed that the examined carbon nanostructure is efficiently capable of direct solar energy harvesting, such that a maximum total efficiency of 78.9% at 3.5 Suns can be obtained, while the corresponding value for the case of pure water is about 54%. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the light intensity from 1.5 to 3.5 Suns enhances the evaporation flux rate, yet, reduces the evaporation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for estimating the cooling capacity of refrigeration in a trigeneration system for both grid on and off operating modes. In trigeneration systems, the cooling demand can be provided by single effect absorption and compression chillers (as the refrigeration system). Genetic Algorithm and LINMAP selection procedure are used for obtaining the final optimum point considering four-E analysis (energy, exergy, economy and emission) with the help of net future worth benefit difference (NFWBD) and global exergy efficiency objective functions. It was found that the NFWBD and exergy efficiency with cooling capacity of 1800 and 5600 kW for absorption and compression chillers, respectively, are 330 × 10 6 $ and 41.9% for grid on mode, while they reduce to 232 × 10 6 $ and 32.7% for grid off mode. Sensitivity analysis in grid on mode shows that the increase in the number of equipment (gas engine and chillers) leads to the decrease in both NFWBD and exergy efficiency, while selecting two similar absorption chillers (with cooling capacity of 900 kW), has payback period of 5.1 years, and provides the maximum NFWBD (321 × 10 6 $) and exergy efficiency (40.02%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy, economic and environmental modeling/analysis were performed to optimize a gas engine CCHP system using Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method for residential buildings. Optimization was performed for one and two gas engines for providing specified values of electricity, heating and cooling capacities which were varying during a year. An objective function named Relative Equivalent Uniform Annual Benefit (REUAB) was introduced. The goal, was finding system design parameters such as nominal power of gas engine(s), their partial load during a year, boiler heating capacity and the ratio of electrical cooling capacity (provided by electrical chiller) to the total cooling capacity (provided by both electrical and absorption chillers), to make the objective function (annual system profit) maximized. Results showed a bigger REUAB for one gas engine (284 × 10 3 $/year) in comparison with selecting two gas engines (264.7 × 10 3 $/year). Results of sensitivity analysis for one gas engine CCHP system with increasing equipment and unit energy costs was also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar steam generation (SSG) has emerged as a promising solution to address the global challenges of water scarcity. Herein, for the first time, by pressing micro-scale sawdust into a polystyrene mold using a manual hydraulic press and enclosing it in an aluminum grid (S/Al), a substrate for SSG was made. Adjusting the porosity of the SSG device has a significant effect on the evaporation performance due to its potential in regulating the transfer of bulk water to the evaporation surface and controlling the thermal conductivity of substrate. The optimal sawdust-based photoabsorber with a 62% porosity represented 59% evaporation efficiency under 2.2 kW m−2. In addition, to improve the photothermal performance for the first time, vanadium dioxide nanoparticles doped by tungsten (W3-VO 2) as a photothermal layer on the sawdust-based substrate were used. The results were compared with those of carbonized sawdust-based substrate supported by black aluminum grid (S/C/Al–B). The excellent performance belonged to S/Al/W3-VO 2 device with 90% evaporation efficiency under 2.2 kW m−2 which was 3.3 and 1.2 times greater than pure water and S/C/Al–B, respectively. The concentration of four ions of Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+, which are responsible for the salinity of water, in the collected seawater after condensation of vapor decreased by about three orders of magnitude. Due to high performance, environmentally friendly, cost-effectiveness, and availability of the proposed device, the S/Al/W3-VO 2 photoabsorber can be used in remote areas for large-scale applications. Herein, the double-layer SSG device consisting of sawdust as a substrate and tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide NPs as photothermal material is designed. The advantages of sawdust including low cost, accessibility, ability to regulate porosity leads to control of water transfer and TC of the substrate. Although the performance of the double-layer SSG device is optimized by adjusting the permeability of substrates, heat loss, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness of the devices are still challenging and require further research. In this work, sawdust is molded into polystyrene to minimize the manipulation of the chemical structure and then it is pressed under various pressures. Finally, it is enclosed in an aluminum grid to prevent the photoabsorber device from being damaged after the expansion due to water absorption. The aluminum grid in addition to keep sawdust in the mold, thanks to its plasmonic properties which increases the light absorption of the SSG device. To enhance the aluminum light absorption, the color was changed to black by coating W3-VO 2 NPs on the substrate. • A cost effective approach is suggested to harvesting solar energy. • A sawdust coated with W doped VO 2 is used in interfacial solar steam generation. • Performance of the carbonized sawdust with W -VO 2 was compared. • Sawdust-based photoabsorber with the porosity of 62% showed high solar absorption. • S/Al/W3-VO 2 photoabsorber can be used as low-cost for a large-scale application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar steam generation (SSG) has emerged as a promising solution to address the global challenges of water scarcity. Herein, for the first time, by pressing micro-scale sawdust into a polystyrene mold using a manual hydraulic press and enclosing it in an aluminum grid (S/Al), a substrate for SSG was made. Adjusting the porosity of the SSG device has a significant effect on the evaporation performance due to its potential in regulating the transfer of bulk water to the evaporation surface and controlling the thermal conductivity of substrate. The optimal sawdust-based photoabsorber with a 62% porosity represented 59% evaporation efficiency under 2.2 kW m−2. In addition, to improve the photothermal performance for the first time, vanadium dioxide nanoparticles doped by tungsten (W3-VO 2) as a photothermal layer on the sawdust-based substrate were used. The results were compared with those of carbonized sawdust-based substrate supported by black aluminum grid (S/C/Al–B). The excellent performance belonged to S/Al/W3-VO 2 device with 90% evaporation efficiency under 2.2 kW m−2 which was 3.3 and 1.2 times greater than pure water and S/C/Al–B, respectively. The concentration of four ions of Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+, which are responsible for the salinity of water, in the collected seawater after condensation of vapor decreased by about three orders of magnitude. Due to high performance, environmentally friendly, cost-effectiveness, and availability of the proposed device, the S/Al/W3-VO 2 photoabsorber can be used in remote areas for large-scale applications. Herein, the double-layer SSG device consisting of sawdust as a substrate and tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide NPs as photothermal material is designed. The advantages of sawdust including low cost, accessibility, ability to regulate porosity leads to control of water transfer and TC of the substrate. Although the performance of the double-layer SSG device is optimized by adjusting the permeability of substrates, heat loss, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness of the devices are still challenging and require further research. In this work, sawdust is molded into polystyrene to minimize the manipulation of the chemical structure and then it is pressed under various pressures. Finally, it is enclosed in an aluminum grid to prevent the photoabsorber device from being damaged after the expansion due to water absorption. The aluminum grid in addition to keep sawdust in the mold, thanks to its plasmonic properties which increases the light absorption of the SSG device. To enhance the aluminum light absorption, the color was changed to black by coating W3-VO 2 NPs on the substrate. • A cost effective approach is suggested to harvesting solar energy. • A sawdust coated with W doped VO 2 is used in interfacial solar steam generation. • Performance of the carbonized sawdust with W -VO 2 was compared. • Sawdust-based photoabsorber with the porosity of 62% showed high solar absorption. • S/Al/W3-VO 2 photoabsorber can be used as low-cost for a large-scale application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using renewable energy, especially solar energy, is an essential requisite for preventing global warming and climate change. Solar-powered steam generation is one of the recent solutions to the problem of environmental pollution and can be a promising way to generate clean energy. In this study, the superficial and volumetric approaches of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) in solar vapor generation have been compared experimentally. For the volumetric approach, the nanofluid performance at different mass concentrations (0.001%, 0.002%, and 0.004%) on the solar vapor generation was examined. For the superficial approach, the evaporative performance of delignified mulberry wood coated by ZnO nanoparticles as an absorbent (ZnO-Wood) was investigated. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticle size on optical and evaporative properties was evaluated. Finally, the economic performance of the ZnO nanofluid was compared to the other nanofluids. The results indicated that the evaporative efficiency of the nanofluids containing ZnO(50 nm) nanoparticles at 3 suns (3 kW/m2) was approximately two times greater than that of water (18%). However, the evaporative efficiency of ZnO-Wood was 3.15 (56%) times greater than that of water. In addition, the results of the nanoparticle size effect showed that increasing the size of nanoparticles from 20 nm to 50 nm in the superficial and volumetric approaches increases the evaporative efficiency by roughly 10% and 3%, respectively. Finally, the cost analysis of nanofluid for solar vapor generation illustrated that ZnO nanoparticles are cost-effective compared to other nanoparticles presented in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new cost-effective method has been developed to utilize solar energy for steam generation. For the first time, the delignified wood was chosen as a self-regenerating substrate coated with Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) as either single or double-layer solar photoabsorbers. The results revealed that in the case of single-layer, the optimum wood thickness, the thickness at which maximum evaporation rate and minimum heat loss occur, is 10 and 5 mm for the deionized water and seawater, respectively. Under the radiation of 3 sun (3 kW m−2), the evaporation efficiency was enhanced up to 103% using the wood with a thickness of 5 mm coated with Fe/Pd NPs compared to the case in which evaporation happens from the seawater surface without any absorber on the surface (conventional case). In order to increase the evaporation rate, a double-layer substrate was utilized. The lower layer was composed of either wood or polystyrene foam with a thickness of 5 mm while the upper layer was composed of wood with 5 mm thickness coated with Fe/Pd NPs. The results showed 126% and 167% enhancement in evaporation efficiency for Fe/Pd W5W5 (wood with a thickness of 5 mm coated with nanoparticles in the upper layer, and wood with a thickness of 5 mm in the lower layer) and Fe/Pd W5F5 (wood with a thickness of 5 mm coated with nanoparticles in the upper layer, and foam with a thickness of 5 mm in the lower layer), respectively, compared to that of the seawater. Moreover, the economic analysis indicated that using two-layer photoabsorber (Fe/Pd W5F5) is an affordable technique for solar steam generation compared to some previously reported methods in the literature. Unlabelled Image • Different types of the wood were delignified to increase porosity and decrease density. • Delignified wood was chosen as a self-regenerating substrate to solar steam generation. • Delignified popular wood was coated with Fe/Pd nanoparticles as an absorber. • Various thickness of coated wood was tested with seawater. • Double-layer substrates wood/foam (W/F) showed high solar evaporation (84.54%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates using edible oils (ostrich, mutton, beef, coconut) as natural phase change materials for solar energy absorption and storage. Exposed to 900 W/m2 direct radiation by a solar simulator, these materials harness captured energy at a specific depth to generate electricity through a thermoelectric device. The experimental results showed that coconut oil exhibits the highest thermal energy storage efficiency among others, measuring at 39 %, while mutton tallow shows the lowest performance at 16.59 %. Additionally, the performance of a system employing coconut oil as the best material, in combination with iron oxide nanoparticles and carbonized sawdust (CS) was experimentally evaluated at different mass fractions (0.3 %, 0.6 %, and 0.9 %) to enhance thermal conductivity and sunlight absorption. The carbonized sawdust and its nanoparticles increased the thermal energy storage efficiency of the system by 62 % and 53 %, respectively. Moreover, the stored exergy by the phase change materials indicates that coconut oil and beef tallow had the highest and lowest exergy efficiencies of 6.3 % and 3.3 %, respectively. The combination of coconut oil with iron oxide nanoparticles and carbonized sawdust leads to 10 % and 7.9 % increased exergy efficiencies respectively. • Experimental evaluation of renewable oils as phase change materials. • Comparison of physical parameters of Beef tallow, Coconut oil, Mutton tallow and Ostrich oil. • Experimental study of edible oils for the harvesting and storage of solar energy. • Enhanced energy absorption/storage in coconut oil with carbonized sawdust & Fe 3 O 4 NPs. • Analyzing energy/exergy efficiencies & electricity potential of diverse renewable PCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sonication time effect on evaporation rate of GNP@MWCNT nanofluid was investigated. • Optimum sonication time was obtained at 120 min with 61.3% evaporation efficiency. • Effect of nanoparticle mass fraction and irradiation on efficiency was studied. • GNP@MWCNT nanofluid at 120 min sonication showed the best cost-efficiency. • The evaporated performance of MWCNT, GNP, GNP@MWCNT and pure water was compared. Sonication time has a significant contribution to the stability and properties of nanofluids (mixtures of nanoparticles and a base fluid). Finding the optimum sonication time can help to save energy and ensure optimal design. The present study deals with the sonication time effect on the evaporation rate of seawater containing a nanocomposite (i.e., a mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplates). For indoor experiments, a solar simulator was employed as the radiation source. At first, the nanofluid with a concentration of 0.01% wt. was sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for different times of 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 min, and the associated zeta potential values were recorded to evaluate the stability. Next, the best time function was used to appraise the effect of concentration variations (0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04% wt.) and the light intensities (1.6, 2.6, and 3.6 suns) on the rate of solar steam generation. The results indicate that for a concentration of 0.01% wt. and under 3.6 suns, the highest evaporation efficiency of 61.3% would be achieved at 120 min sonication time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe/Ni-RGO-wood, cost-effective photoabsorber in interfacial solar steam generation. • Non-noble metal based photoabsorber of Fe/Ni-RGO-wood for desalination. • Fe/Ni-RGO-wood, a highly efficient heavy metal sorbent. • Achieving solar evaporation rates of 4.19 kg m−2h−1 under 3 sun by Fe/Ni-RGO-wood. Herein, a cost-effective, bifunctional, scalable, and highly efficient water-treatment material was prepared by coating iron/nickle (Fe/Ni)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite on poplar wood which was used both as non-noble metal based photoabsorber in interfacial solar steam generation of seawater and as highly efficient heavy metal sorbent. The solar evaporation fluxes of 1.43 and 4.19 kg m−2h−1 under 1 and 3 sun (1 sun = 1 kW m−2), respectively were achieved by the most efficient photoabsorber (RGO200/FeNi-wood). The evaporation efficiency of the photoabsorber did not change significantly even after 20 cycles. After desalination by RGO200/FeNi-wood, a remarkable reduction in the salinity (4 order of magnitude), pH (8.1 to 6.2), and electrical conductivity (6000 to 2.25 µS cm−1) was achieved. The cost per produced steam rate was calculated as 0.03 $ cm−3h under 3 sun which is comparable to the best double-layer devices reported in the literature. RGO200/FeNi-wood could act as a novel sorbent to remove Pb (II) completely from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a hybrid technique is employed to demonstrate the thermal performance of a 4-stage compressed solar distiller with hydrophilic evaporators (CSDHE) regarding the role of natural convection in the air gap domain. Initially, the test is conducted under simulated solar radiation of 2.13 W · m − 2 over 5400 s. A thermodynamic model incorporating diffusion is developed for the next step to analyze internal transient temperatures. In the third step, a 3D single-phase natural convection model of the CSDHE is simulated to achieve the research objectives. Based on experimental, thermal modeling, and computational results, a dual deep neural network is developed to predict the thermal behavior of the system and the variation of convection heat transfer coefficient for different air gap thicknesses over 10,000 s. The experimental results revealed a distilled water production rate of 3.806 kg · m − 2 h − 1 with a gained output ratio (GOR) of 112 %. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that conduction accounts for 84.23 % of total heat transfer, while convection accounts for 6.36 % during 5400 s. We also found that, by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) and directly harvesting data from pre-defined contours, the hybrid training dataset for deep forward neural network (DFNN) is trained 28.35 % faster than conventional methods. • A vertical-stand 4-stage solar distiller with hydrophilic evaporators is designed and constructed. • The transient distribution of the internal layers' temperatures is achieved through thermal modeling. • 3D Full-stage distiller simulated regarding convection heat transfer in air gap domain. • Deep learning methods are employed for data harvesting and long-term performance prediction with lower calculation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00875-x.Correction to: Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society (2023) 59:795-809https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00875-xAuthor surname was incorrectly published and needs to be read as Mohammad Mustafa Ghafurian instead of Mohammad Mustafa Ghafoorian.Original article has been updated.Publisher's noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.By Nahid Javadi Baygi; Sahar Mollazadeh Beidokhti and Mohammad Mustafa GhafurianReported by Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

This review article delves into the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in fire prevention, aiming to elucidate their specific contribution within the broader context of various fire prevention methods. While acknowledging established approaches such as fire safety principles, fire suppression systems, fire alarm systems, and the use of fire-retardant chemicals and safety equipment, this review focuses on the distinctive properties of NPs. The findings underscore the remarkable potential of NPs in controlling and mitigating fire propagation within both architectural structures and vehicles. Specifically, the primary emphasis lies in the impact of NPs on reducing oxygen levels, as assessed through the limiting oxygen index , a subject explored by various researchers. Furthermore, this review delves into the examination of combustion reduction rates facilitated by NPs, utilizing assessments of ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), and flammability tests (UL-94) on plastic materials. Beyond these aspects, the review evaluates the multifaceted role of NPs in achieving weight reduction and establishing fire-retardant properties. Additionally, it discusses the reduction of smoke, a significant contributor to environmental pollution and health risks. Among the nanoparticles investigated in this study, SiO 2 , MgAl, and nano hydrotalcite have demonstrated the best results in weight reduction, smoke reduction, and HRR, respectively. Meanwhile, Al 2 O 3 has been identified as one of the least effective treated nanoparticles. Collectively, these findings significantly contribute to improving safety measures and reducing fire risks across a range of industries. [Display omitted] • Resorting nanoparticle-based solutions as for fire control and prevention across various settings. • Effect of using nanoparticles on ignition time was comprehensively reviewed. • Combustion rate, oxygen restriction, reducing smoke production, and lightning materials in fire conditions were highlighted. • This study explored the multifaceted roles of nanoparticles in enhancing fire safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The solar evaporation efficiency of 93.45% was achieved by wood covered by VO 2 -Ba. • The ratio of preparation cost to evaporation flux is 1.16 USD kg−1 m−2 h−1. • The concentration of Na+ of Caspian seawater reduced from 3138.19 to 2.63 ppm. Interfacial solar steam generation (SSG) as a green desalination technique offers significant potential to obtain freshwater. For the first time, the performance of alkaline earth metals doped VO 2 nanoparticles (VO 2 @alkaline earth metals) as highly efficient photothermal materials coated on poplar wood as a sustainable substrate in SSG of seawater is investigated. Among the fabricated photoabsorbers, the wood coated with VO 2 doped with Ba, W/VO 2 -Ba, had the highest solar evaporation efficiency of 93.45% under 1 sun (1 sun = 1 kW m−2). For this photoabsorber, the concentration of Na+ of seawater (3138.19 ppm) reduced to 2.63 ppm after desalination. The ratio of preparation cost to evaporation flux was calculated as 1.16 USD kg−1 m−2 h−1. The efficiency of W/VO 2 -Ba did not change significantly after 20 cycles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste heat recovery in a gas turbine cycle for thermal desalination units is a convenient solution to reduce GHG emissions. In this study, multi-effect thermal vapor compression desalination (MED-TVC) and reverse osmosis (RO) plants are integrated with a gas turbine cycle through a recovery steam generator (HRSG) to reuse waste heat. The Thermodynamic, exergy, and thermoeconomic model of each section are developed. Besides, based on the interconnection between input and output streams of MED-TVC + RO, six configurations are proposed. The corresponding results are optimized via the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and compared through two different approaches. The total products in each approach are limited to 105,000, 122,500, and 140,000 m3/day. In the first approach, the MED-TVC plant production is constant (70,000 m3/day). In the second approach, MED-TVC desalination production is assumed to be variable to provide a large portion of total fresh water. The best configuration among six configurations in terms of the lowest production cost at both approaches is related to use the cooling water of MED-TVC as the RO system feed water. Moreover, the results showed that NO x , SO 3 , SO 2 , and CO 2 decreased to 165.53, 7.33, 783 ppm, and 10.5% of the volume fraction, respectively, by applying GHG analysis. • Reducing the cost of production of hybrid desalination plants is considered. • Based on the interconnection between MED-TVC and RO, six configurations are proposed. • The output stream of one plant (MED-TVC or RO) is used as another plant's feed water. • The optimal solution of each configuration is presented in two different approaches. • Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, exergy, and GHG analyses are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]