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Molecular methods are one of the most effective tools to monitor fungicide resistance. Long-read sequencing is an emerging technology in the field of plant pathology. We developed a PCR-based Oxford Nanopore Technologies amplicon sequencing method allowing the simultaneous detection and quantification of Plasmopara viticola variants conferring fungicide resistance to complex III inhibitors, zoxamide and oxathiapiprolin in the same vineyard population. Analysis of cyt b gene variants in natural P. viticola populations showed that almost all samples (23 out of 24 populations) collected in France contain variants G143A, S34L and/or E203-DE-V204 insertion. In the analysed populations, only cyt b reads with both substitutions S34L and G134A were detected at significant levels, suggesting the selection of resistant strains to both QoI fungicides and ametoctradin. French P. viticola population P36 with low sensitivity to oxathiapiprolin did not contain oxysterol binding protein sequences with both variants G770V and N837I, suggesting the presence of two different genotypes of P. viticola strain in this population. Zoxamide insensitivity associated with β-tubulin variants carrying the C239S substitution was detected in Italian vineyard populations but not in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed (1) to describe and compare scapular kinematics between three groups of swimmers of different levels and a group of non-swimmers, and (2) to assess whether swimming practice alters the asymmetries in scapular kinematics between the dominant and non-dominant sides, both during unilateral arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane. Scapular kinematics were assessed bilaterally during arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane using an electromagnetic system in 42 healthy males, which were split into four groups: control (n = 11), adolescent elite swimmers (n = 11), adult elite swimmers (n = 10), and club-level adult swimmers (n = 10). One-Way ANOVA SPM(t) on two repeated measures showed that the three groups of swimmers had more protracted shoulder between 30° and 90° of arm raising and lowering (p < .001). The three groups of swimmers presented no bilateral difference in scapular upward rotation, while the dominant scapula was more upwardly rotated than the non-dominant one between 74° and 104° of arm elevation in the control group (p < .001). The scapula of adult elite swimmers was more internally rotated between 67° and 116° of humeral elevation during arm raising, and between 81° and 54° during arm lowering in comparison to the other swimming and control groups (p ≤ .02), who presented similar scapular positioning in internal rotation. In conclusion, the findings of the study pointed out that swimming practice generated protracted shoulders and removed bilateral differences in scapular upward rotation during scaption, while accumulation of swimming practice at elite level enlarged scapular internal rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The in vivo spectrum of regenerating muscles shows a specific cross-correlation signal assigned to the (n-3) fatty acyl chain, which peaks during the myoblast fusion phase. In order to identify the origin of this signal and to take all the lipid metabolites into account, we investigated the degeneration-regeneration process by 1H 2D NMR of lipid muscle extracts. We observed an increase in the total amount of lipids during the regeneration process, although the lipid profile did not show any drastic change during this process. The changes in the NMR signal observed in vivo and, in particular, the appearance of the specific (n-3) fatty acyl chain signal appears to arise from mobile lipid compartments located in fusing cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discusses the studies of itaconate biosynthesis in intact cells of high-yield and low-yield strains of the fungus Aspergillus terreus by tracers that did not interfere with metabolism. Krebs cycle intermediates increased in both strains during the production of itaconic acid; Proposed metabolic pathway for itaconate formation from glucose in Aspergillus terreus.

The article focuses on study of Scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) in young competitive tennis players in order to prevent shoulder injuries. Topics discussed information on glenohumeral joint center, evaluates scapular functions between mobilizer and stabilizer muscles, and humeral positions of an arm motion.

The article discusses a study conducted to find scapulohumeral rhythm in young tennis players. It discusses characteristics during rising and lowering of the arm. It further discusses knowledge of shoulder of young overhead athletes and might help coaches and clinicians in the shoulder health monitoring.

The article presents the study that investigates scapulothoracic kinematics of a female tennis player during scaption.

The article presents a study aimed to compare the bilateral scapular kinematics during scaption among girls engaged in intensive tennis practice. The study is undertaken through the participation of 12 healthy girl tennis players. The results of the study show that the scapular kinematics patterns differ between the nondominant and dominant sides that suggest tennis-specific adaptations at dominant shoulders.

Introduction Complete blood counts ( CBC) performed for infected children admitted for fever mostly disclose leukocytosis. Yet, the recently developed XN-10® provides novel CBC parameters which could be useful to ascertain infection and discriminate between bacterial and viral etiologies. These were the main objectives of the study presented here. Methods Blood samples from 90 children, 1 month to 5 years old, admitted to an emergency unit for fever benefited from a CBC, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin assays. For 58, a bacterial infection was documented while a viral cause was disclosed for 32. Concomitantly, 30 healthy children of the same age range were selected as a control group. Results Complete blood counts parameters and leukocyte differentials allowed to statistically significantly disclose infection, compared to reference children, in the age group of 1-5 years old. Among the eight novel discriminant parameters, a particular interest appeared for Neutr- RI and Delta-He. They both were successfully incorporated in a score together with age and immature granulocytes ( IG). ROC curves and AUCs were calibrated using a Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Moreover, novel lymphocyte parameters allowed to segregate bacterial and viral infections in the whole group of 90 febrile children. Conclusion Complete blood counts is the most broadly performed rapid laboratory investigation. Here, we show that XN-10® provides complementary information allowing to confirm infection in febrile children, moreover discriminating between bacterial or viral origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The thrombogenic burden of immobilization remains unknown especially in the medical setting. Most of epidemiological studies estimating the link between risk factors and venous thromboembolism (VTE) have not been designed to evaluate immobilization. The aim of this work was to estimate the risk of VTE in medical bedridden patients by a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Methods: A research on PUBMED and EMBASE was carried out to retrieve case-control and cohort studies showing the proportion of bedridden patients with or without VTE. Included studies were assigned in six groups according to the following criteria: 1) their design (cohort or case-control), 2) the targeted population (with or without suspicion of VTE) and 3) the medical setting (ambulatory or hospital). Odd-Ratios and Relative Risk for case-control and cohort studies were calculated using a random effect method. Heterogeneity and publication bias were statistically assessed by the I2 statistics and funnel plots with Egger''s tests. Results: 43 studies were included (24181 patients). The pooled RR ranged from 1.46 to 2.77 in the subgroups of cohort studies (n=36) with an overall RR of 1.86 (1.61-2.14; P<0.001). The pooled OR were 2.79 and 2.47 in the two subgroups of case-control studies (n=7), both statistically significant (overall OR: 2.52; 1.70-3.74; P<0.001). Heterogeneity through studies was demonstrated in four subgroups. Publication bias was only observed in one subgroup. Conclusions: Among medical patients, immobilization increases the risk of VTE. Nevertheless, a specific role of underlying conditions can not be excluded. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: New nanoassemblies were instantaneously prepared by mixing two aqueous solutions, one containing a β-cyclodextrin polymer (pβCD), and the other a hydrophobically modified by alkyl chains dextran (MD). The formation mechanism and the inner structure of these nanoassemblies were analysed using surface tension measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The effect of a hydrophobic guest molecule, such as benzophenone (BZ), on the formation and stability of the nanoassemblies was also evaluated. MD exhibited the typical behaviour of a soluble amphiphilic molecule and adsorbed at the air/water interface. Whereas the injection of native β-CDs in the solution beneath the adsorbed MD monolayer did not produce any change in the surface tension, that of the pβCD resulted in an increase in the surface tension, indicating the desorption of the polymer from the interface. This result accounts for a cooperative effect of β-CDs linked together in the pβCD polymer on dextran desorption. The presence of benzophenone in the system hindered the sequestration of dextran alkyl moieties by β-CD in the polymer without impeding the formation of associative nanoassemblies of 100–200 nm. 1H NMR investigations demonstrated that, in the BZ-loaded nanoassemblies, the hydrophobic molecule was mainly located into the cyclodextrin cavities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the existence of cardiac creatine kinase metabolite compartment. Use of nuclear magnetic resonance inversion technique in assessing the metabolite compartmentation; Role of creatine kinase in muscle cells; Localization of adenosine triphosphatase in the mitochondria.