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The literature on ethical behavior has called for studies that investigate the interaction between individual and contextual factors. This study examined whether moral identity interacts with ethical culture to predict unethical behavior at work and whether implicit and explicit moral identity affects unethical behavior distinctively. Our sample consisted of 238 participants who took part in an experiment involving an in-basket exercise that measured unethical behavior. Ethical culture was manipulated via a cover letter from a fictitious company's CEO, and moral identity was measured through a self-report scale and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Findings indicate that implicit and explicit moral identity were negatively associated with unethical behavior and that organizational culture moderated the relationship between moral identity and unethical behavior. The results have theoretical and practical implications for understanding the interaction of predictors of unethical behavior by combining automatic and deliberate measures of moral identity with ethical culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poisoning effect of Cl on the activity of Pt-supported catalysts for CO, methane, and ethane oxidation has been investigated by kinetic studies and in situ IR and controlled atmosphere EXAFS spectroscopies. Catalysts containing 1.5% Pt/Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness from H2PtCl6 and Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 precursors. The reduced catalysts have similar dispersion (0.8) as estimated by H2 chemisorption. The Cl-free catalyst was 10 times more active than the Cl-containing catalyst during CO and ethane oxidation. Addition of HCl to the Cl-free catalyst rendered its activity identical to the catalyst prepared from Cl-containing precursors. The presence of Cl also affects the activity of 2% Pt/SiO2 catalysts, but to a lower extent. On the Cl-free oxidation catalyst, Pt–Pt and Pt–O bonds were detected using EXAFS, suggesting that the reduced metal particles are not fully oxidized under the reaction conditions. Additionally, chemisorption of CO by the oxidized catalyst indicates that a portion of the reduced Pt atoms is exposed to the reactants. On the Cl-containing catalyst, there are also Pt–Cl as well as Pt–Pt and Pt–O bonds. The later catalyst, however, does not chemisorb CO, indicating that there are no reduced surface Pt atoms. The effect of Cl poisoning on the oxidation activity of Pt supported on silica is similar to that on alumina. IR results show that chlorine significantly reduces the amount of CO adsorbed on metallic Pt sites. At low temperature there is little CO adsorbed on the Cl-containing Pt/silica catalyst, while at higher temperature the amount of adsorbed CO increases, likely due to reduction of the oxidized surface. The catalyst activities correlate well with the amount of reduced surface sites, and a model is proposed to explain the mechanism of chloride poisoning, which is shown to occur mainly by site blocking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The main aim of this paper is to present a new methodology to determine coastal susceptibility to erosion and flooding processes by means of an index-based method. The proposed indices take into account physical parameters, such as dune and beach geomorphologic characteristics, shoreline evolution, local significant wave height and relative run-up. The coastal susceptibility has been estimated by elaboration of spatial input data into a GIS environment. The method has been tested in Valdelagrana area, a sandy spit located in SW Spain. The spit includes several morpho-sedimentary environments: sandy beach, discontinuous embryo dunes and foredunes, mud flats and wide areas of vegetated salt marshes. The Northernmost sector is densely urbanized whilst the rest is part of a natural protected area belonging to the Bahía de Cádiz Natural Park. The results obtained showed how the Southern part of the spit presented a high susceptibility due to an elevated erosion rate and the presence of low and discontinuous dune ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teams are central work units in organizations. One of the processes that are receiving attention is team learning. The focus is on those processes that can predict team learning and its evolution over time. This study has two objectives. First, analyze team climate effect on team learning development. Second, test the moderator role of team stressors (work overload and time pressure) in the relationship between tem climate and team learning. Results obtained shows that team climate have concurrent and differed effects on team learning. On the other hand, work overload moderates the relationship between support for innovation and team learning at the beginning of teamwork, but time pressure does not have effects in the relationship between team climate and team learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the estimation of beach susceptibility to storminess in the Bay of Cadiz (SW Spain), and the concomitant environmental implications. For this purpose a comparison was made between the natural behaviour of beaches and the type and amount of coastal damage made by energetic waves in every beach type. Knowledge on the morphodynamic behaviour of beaches was obtained from a monthly topographic monitoring of 32 beach transepts normal to the coastline, performed during 30 consecutive months. Widely used morphodynamic parameters, like the Surf Similarity and the Surf Scaling parameters, were applied to the data, resulting in a general morphodynamic characterization of beaches, represented in a map of beach type distribution. Maximum coastal damage by storms was estimated by visual observations. Clear relationships between morphodynamic beach trends and amount of coastal damage have been obtained, and are presented in the form of a Beach Susceptibility Matrix. The matrix permits predictions of expected coastal damage associated with storms in other nearby beaches by means of a simple beach monitoring programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light emitting capacitors (LECs) were fabricated using silicon rich oxide (SRO) films as active layer. Blue and red electroluminescence (EL) was observed by changing the silicon nanoparticle (Si-np) size from 1.5 to 2.7 nm embedded in the silica matrix. EL is ascribed to the charge injection into the Si-nps embedded in the SRO films through a balanced transport network. The EL emission is observed with the naked eye and in daylight conditions on the whole area of devices. Therefore, these results prove the feasibility to obtain LECs by using simple capacitors with SRO films as the active layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in the disturbance depth were measured across four open mesotidal beaches on the Gulf of Cadiz coast of Spain during single tidal cycles, using rods and plugs of marked beach sands inserted in the foreshore. The studied beaches show a wide range of morphological variations and are distributed along a broadly homogeneous straight coast where energetic conditions remain more or less constant. Several parameters like wave height, beach gradient and grain size distribution have been compared with the variability of the recorded disturbance depth. As a conclusion, it is suggested that the morphodynamic regime is the characteristic that best explains the spatial variation of the disturbance depth, as well as the different response of the beaches under broadly similar energetic conditions. Three main morphodynamic classes have been observed in the studied beaches: reflective, barred dissipative and dissipative. In each case the morphodynamic situation controls the distribution and relative intensity of wave processes acting across the beach profile and, hence, the different rate of disturbance depth. The morphodynamic study of a beach permits an initial prediction of its morphological response under variable wave conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]