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Based on the arable land situation in Gejiu City, upland dry planting of indica hybrid rice is being expanded in Karst mountain areas with a rainfall of over 1 400 mm and an altitude of 1 100-1 600 m to develop grain production. This paper gives a specific description of hybrid rice upland dry seedling technology, upland transplanting technology, fertilization technology, field management, weed prevention and control technology, and disease and pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in hydrologic optics provide a potential tool for extracting maps of optical properties of optically significant constituents. During summer experiments in the northern South China Sea, a procedure for inverting optical properties in optically complex coastal upwelling waters was performed. We tested an optical inversion model (OIM) that provides estimates of the absorption attributable to optically significant constituents (including phytoplankton, non-algal particles (NAP), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)), as well as the chlorophyll a concentration and the phytoplankton size class, from the total spectral absorption. The OIM provided reasonable estimates of these bio-optical products, and attempts to invert the bio-optical properties in the coastal upwelling were successful. Several bio-optical parameters displayed robust relationships to the hydrologic characteristics. The biomass was strongly enhanced in the upwelling, where the phytoplankton population was dominated by the microphytoplankton. The inherent optical properties in the surface waters delivered distinct responses to the coastal upwelling. The distribution of backscattering ratios and particulate size distribution slopes indicated that the offshore surface waters were mainly dominated by small organic NAP, while the upwelling surface water was characterized by larger particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has supported the crucial role of CARD14 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, whereas the precise cellular signaling involved in skin physiopathology remains poorly understood. In this article, we show that neither genetic ablation of Il17a nor elimination of T cells was sufficient to restrain the skin inflammation in a CARD14-E138A-mutation-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, whereas depletion of Il23, which extremely blocked the IL-23/T17 axis, was more effective. Targeting CBM complex by conditional deletion of MALT1 or BCL10 in keratinocytes abrogated both the cutaneous and systemic inflammation of heterozygous Card14E138A/+ mice. Selective inactivation of keratinocyte-specific MALT1 proteolytic activity strongly ameliorated the Card14E138A/+- and Card14DQ136/+-induced skin disease, which was reproduced by using the imiquimod-induced mouse model. Together, our results suggest a sequence of events under CARD14-mutation-induced psoriasis condition that keratinocyte-intrinsic activation of CBM complex initiates the skin inflammation depending on the IL-23/T17 axis. Targeting keratinocytes by inactivation of MALT1 paracaspase activity might be a promising therapeutic target for early psoriasis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of foam influences the accuracy of satellite-derived water-leaving radiance. A model has been developed to estimate the augmented reflectance ratio (A(λ, U)) due to differences in the fraction of whitecap coverage (w) on the ocean surface. A(λ, U) can be calculated from the product of w and ρ(λ, U), where ρ(λ, U) is the augmented ratio of the reflectance of background water (Rb (λ)) caused by the presence of whitecaps. Our results showed that the average A(400~700, U) in the visible region was approximately 1.3% at U = 9 m·s-1, 2.2% at U = 10 m·s-1, 4.4% at U = 12 m·s-1, 7.4% at U = 14 m·s-1, 19% at U = 19 m·s-1 and 37.9% at U = 24 m·s-1, making it is necessary to consider the augmented reflectance ratio for remote sensing applications. By estimating remote sensing augmented reflectance using A(λ, U), it was found that the result was in good agreement with previous studies conducted in other areas with U from 9 to 12 m·s-1. Since Rb (λ) is temporally and spatially variable, our model considered the variation of Rb (λ), whereas existing models have assumed that Rb (λ) is constant. Therefore, the proposed model is more suitable for estimating the augmented reflectance ratio due to whitecaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]