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Purpose: Slippage of the wires over the opposite cortex from the endosteal side is frequent and can lead to insufficient stability. This in vitro biomechanical study was planned to investigate the angle of wire insertion that leads to trans cortex perforation.Methods: Long bones of sheep were cut longitudinally into two pieces and half bones were stabilised on a frame. Three orthopaedic surgeons performed the experiment using ten wires of four different diameters at two different drilling speeds. Each wire was introduced from the endosteal side at angles starting at 30° in 5° increments until perforation. When perforation was achieved, the angle was recorded. To determinate the critical angle of perforation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses was performed. Two-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical comparisons.Results: Kirschner-wire insertion angles of ≥ 45° provided perforation with a percentage of 83.9 %. Wire diameter, drilling speed and surgeon variables had no effect on perforation angles (p > 0.05).Conclusion: If preoperative evaluation of fractures to be fixed by K wires reveals the need for oblique wire insertion angle < 45°, a standard trocar-tip K wire application would lead to slippage of the wire tip on the endosteal surface of the opposite cortex. According to this study, the operative plan should be changed if such obliquity of the K wire is mandatory during bicortical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biologic treatment options for cartilage injuries require chondrocyte expansion using cell culture. Clinical application is accomplished in two surgical sessions and is expensive. If isolation of chondrocytes and stimulus for proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis can be achieved in vivo, the treatment can be performed in one session and the cost can be reduced. Methods: A 2.5-cm diameter full-thickness chondral defect was created in the knees of five groups of sheep. In one group, some of the chondral tissues obtained from the creation of the defect were diced into small pieces and were placed into the defect and were covered with a collagen membrane (MIV group). In the other group, the collagen membrane was soaked in collagenase prior to usage. In the next group, the collagen membrane was soaked in both collagenase and growth factors. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) was applied to another group in two sessions, and the last group was left untreated. After 15 weeks of follow-up, repair tissues were compared macroscopically, histomorphometrically, and biochemically for tissue concentrations of glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen. Results: MACI and MIV groups demonstrated better healing than others and were similar. Addition of collagenase or growth factors did not improve the results. Addition of collagenase did not have detrimental effect on the surrounding cartilage. Conclusions: With the described method, it is possible to obtain comparable results with MACI. Further studies are also needed to see if it works similarly in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behçet's disease is predominantly an inflammatory disease with oral and genital ulcus, uveitis and erythema nodosum. It is a chronic disease with unprecetended remission and activation periods. Behçet's disease may also affect extremities in the form of arthritis, myositis, enthesis, tenosynovitis and dactylitis. The most affected joints are knee, wrist -hand, ankle and elbow. A history of sytemic inflammatory disease in a patient with a hand disease or a one who is a candidate for hand surgery may affect the surgical procedure and post-operative rehabilitation. Thus recognition of this condition is essential for the hand surgeon, physiotherapist, and the patient. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Behçet's disease on grip and key pinch strength. Subjects: Fifty (31 male, 19 female) patients with Behçet's disease and 50 (32 male, 18 female) controls. Results: Hand grip and key pinch strength of Behçet's patients did not differ from that of normal subjects. Conclusions: Behçet's disease does not seem to affect grip and pinch strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the effects of reinforcing materials on the durability of bone cement. An in vitro experimental study was conducted among four groups of participants who were given bone cement with different structure strengtheners. Compression pressure measurements reveal that silica fume can be mixed with pure bone cement (PMMA) and was superior to other biocompatible materials.