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The article delves into the significance of recognizing variations among direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) when treating patients with epilepsy, particularly in relation to concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs). It suggests that edoxaban may be the preferred DOAC for patients with epilepsy, especially when paired with mild to moderate CYP3A-inducing ASMs. The study also cautions about potential interactions with CYP3A4/P-gp inhibiting ASMs, advising careful monitoring, especially with cannabidiol. Additionally, the article explores the association between non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants and the risk of major bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, emphasizing the importance of assessing drug interactions for effective and safe treatment. [Extracted from the article]

New azo Schiff base disperse dyes based on a chromene moiety were synthesized by reacting (2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4 H-chromene-3 carbonitrile) and(2-amino-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4 H-chromene-3-carbonitrile), with vanillin and ninhydrin, producing new chromene Schiff base derivatives, which in turn were coupled with 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt to give new 4 azo disperse dyes (1–4). The structures of the prepared dyes were confirmed using elemental analysis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and IR. The synthesized dyes were applied to polyester and nylon fabrics using different dyeing techniques: high temperature- high pressure, and ultrasonic dyeing methods. The highest K/S values for all investigated dyes were achieved usinga high temperature-high pressure dyeing technique. Also, the color reflectance of all synthesized dyes with different dyeing shades (1%, 2%, and 3%) was obtained. The fastness properties of the dyed samples using the investigated dyes showed good color fastness toward light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. The presence of a chromene moiety and Schiff base in the investigated dyes promotes a higher antimicrobial activity on nylon and polyester fabrics against all tested bacteria (E. coli gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive) and two fungi, Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary Incontinence (UI) is a global health issue that mainly affects the female population worldwide. Different approaches have been sought for the management of UI including Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) using Virtual Reality (VR) gaming. We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of VR gaming for rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and improving urinary symptoms in patients with UI. Method: We've included studies that contain any type of VR in all geographic locations and settings with no restrictions on the date of publication, age, or gender. Our exclusion criteria include reviews, case series, case reports, unextractable data, unavailable full text, abstract only articles, and studies don't show the effects of VR as a treatment for UI. A pre‐specified search term was used and modified according to the requirements of each of the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Google scholar, and ScienceDirect. For risk of bias assessment, two assessment tools have been used: ROB 2.0 for RCTs and NIH for single arm studies. Results: Of 915 papers identified from 6 databases, 341 papers were assigned for screening after removing duplicates, 11 papers were eligible for full text screening, and 4 papers were finally included. The qualitative analysis of the results identifies six outcomes grouped into three primary categories: PFM, urinary symptoms, and quality of life. Only urinary loss outcome was eligible for meta‐analysis. The net effect between Game therapy + PFMT and PFMT reached MD = −5.49, 95% CI [−12.36:1.38] (heterogeneity; I2 = 95%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our research underscores the potential of VR gaming as a valuable adjunctive therapy for pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation in patients with UI. However, further studies are needed to explore its long‐term effectiveness, optimal therapy parameters, and cost‐effectiveness. Registration: Our protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384500). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Plane warts, when multiple and recurrent, present a therapeutic challenge acting as a source of reinfection, causing frustration and affecting a patient's quality of life. For large numbers of lesions in cosmetically significant sites, topical treatment is preferred to avoid potential sequelae. Objectives To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel vs. imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of plane warts. Methods In a parallel three-arm randomized controlled trial, 60 patients were randomized to imiquimod, tazarotene or placebo groups. Patients applied the corresponding treatment once daily at night for a maximum of 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were the percentage of respondents with complete clearance in the three studied groups, and the type and frequency of side-effects in each group. Results Both active treatments resulted in significant improvement compared with baseline and the placebo group (P = 0.001). The imiquimod 5% treated group showed complete clearance in 50% (10/20) of patients, partial response in 15% (3/20), and no response in 35% (7/20). Tazarotene 0.1% gel showed complete clearance in 40% (8/20) of patients, partial response in 40% (8/20), and no response in 20% (4/20). No significant difference was detected between the imiquimod and tazarotene groups (P = 0.19). Conclusions Compared with imiquimod, tazarotene 0.1% gel for the treatment of plane warts seems to offer an equivalent treatment response, it maintained efficacy without recurrence and had a safer profile regarding dyspigmentation with an advantageous cheaper cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prephenate decarboxylases are a small family of enzymes which initiate a specialized divergence from the shikimate pathway, where prephenate (2) is decarboxylated without aromatization. In addition to effecting a challenging chemical transformation, prephenate decarboxylases have been implicated in the production of rare specialized metabolites, sometimes directly constructing bioactive warheads. Many of the biosynthetic steps to natural products derived from prephenate decarboxylases remain elusive. Here, we review prephenate decarboxylase research thus far and highlight natural products that may be derived from biosynthetic pathways involving prephenate decarboxylases. We also highlight commonly encountered challenges in the structure elucidation of these natural products. Prephenate decarboxylases are a gateway into understudied biosynthetic pathways which present a high potential for the discovery of novel and bioactive natural products, as well as new biosynthetic enzymes. [Display omitted] In this review, Hagar et al. highlight specialized metabolites derived from an unusual divergence from the shikimate pathway, initiated by prephenate decarboxylase. Although many biosynthetic steps remain elusive, they compile findings thus far into a picture of an underexplored pathway to structurally novel and bioactive natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionIbrutinib is an irreversible Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor that disrupts B-cell receptor signalling. It is licensed for treatment of low-grade B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. A few case reports in the literature suggest that uveitis may be a side effect of ibrutinib treatment. A strong association between ibrutinib and uveitis is yet to be established in significant numbers.The study is a retrospective case series, reporting cases of uveitis associated with ibrutinib from two tertiary centres in the United Kingdom: Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.The study reports eight cases presenting over a four year period, with mean age of 66.8 years. Onset of uveitis was between 9 and 48 (median 14) months from commencing ibrutinib, categorising it as a Type D or delayed drug reaction. Cases included unilateral and bilateral; anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis. There was an association with cystoid macular oedema or disc swelling. Severity varied from mild, to severe and vision threatening. Presenting visual acuity ranged from 6/9 to 6/60. In all eight cases, uveitis resolved after ibrutinib cessation. In two cases, reintroducing ibrutinib caused uveitis recurrence.Our case series provides evidence suggestive of a connection between ibrutinib and development of uveitis. Ibrutinib related uveitis appears to be more common than previously recognised. Ibrutinib cessation, if appropriate, appears to be the definitive management. Patients with ibrutinib-related uveitis benefit from multidisciplinary management involving communication between ophthalmologist and haemato-oncologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite gaining significant attention in recent years, it remains unclear whether mycorrhizal fungi distribute meaningful amounts of resources among trees in ways that increase the fitness of the receiving trees. To investigate this, we used pairs of shaded and unshaded Pinus halepensis or Quercus calliprinos saplings, growing in both inter‐ and intra‐specific combinations outdoors in forest soil. We examined the combined effects of indirect and direct below‐ground connections on tree performance and Non‐Structural Carbohydrate (NSC) pools. Although we did not observe any growth benefits, shaded recipient oaks exhibited higher levels of root and branch NSC compared to their control counterparts, which were not connected below‐ground. This finding suggests a potential benefit of establishing below‐ground connections. However, no such benefits were observed among the unshaded pairs or in the other inter‐ and intra‐specific pairs of pines and oaks. We monitored the carbon (C) flow from a 13CO2‐labelled donor pine tree to a below‐ground connected oak tree and demonstrated C transfer from pines to shaded oaks. We also identified the main fungal symbionts interacting with pines and oaks. Our findings indicate that the effects of below‐ground C transfer are context‐dependent, manifesting in nuanced alterations in plant NSC that are not readily apparent through conventional growth metrics. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endosperm in angiosperms and placenta in eutherians are convergent innovations for efficient embryonic nutrient transfer. Despite advantages, this reproductive strategy incurs metabolic costs that maternal parents disproportionately shoulder, leading to potential inter-parental conflict over optimal offspring investment. Genomic imprinting—parent-of-origin-biased gene expression—is fundamental for endosperm and placenta development and has convergently evolved in angiosperms and mammals, in part, to resolve parental conflict. Here, we review the mechanisms of genomic imprinting in these taxa. Despite differences in the timing and spatial extent of imprinting, these taxa exhibit remarkable convergence in the molecular machinery and genes governing imprinting. We then assess the role of parental conflict in shaping evolution within angiosperms and eutherians using four criteria: 1) Do differences in the extent of sibling relatedness cause differences in the inferred strength of parental conflict? 2) Do reciprocal crosses between taxa with different inferred histories of parental conflict exhibit parent-of-origin growth effects? 3) Are these parent-of-origin growth effects caused by dosage-sensitive mechanisms and do these loci exhibit signals of positive selection? 4) Can normal development be restored by genomic perturbations that restore stoichiometric balance in the endosperm/placenta? Although we find evidence for all criteria in angiosperms and eutherians, suggesting that parental conflict may help shape their evolution, many questions remain. Additionally, myriad differences between the two taxa suggest that their respective biologies may shape how/when/where/to what extent parental conflict manifests. Lastly, we discuss outstanding questions, highlighting the power of comparative work in quantifying the role of parental conflict in evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study tested the symbiotic effects of dietary multi-strain Bacillus probiotics (MSB) (Bacillus licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to Aspergillus flavus infection. Furthermore, this study investigated water quality, growth performance, blood metabolites, histological morphology, immune regulatory genes, and resistance to A. flavus infection. For 70 days, fish (n = 240) were divided into four groups in triplicate: T0 (control group; MSB0), T1 (1 g/kg, MSB1), T2 (2 g/kg, MSB2), and T3 (3 g/kg, MSB3). The immune response was then assessed by challenging all fish groups with the A. flavus pathogen. The results showed that the rearing water quality, fish growth, and blood parameters, as well as total proteins, albumin, globulins, and amylase activity were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all MSB-treated groups with the best results in MSB2 and MSB3 groups. Meanwhile, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, and glucose levels were significantly (P < 0.05) modulated, particularly at higher concentrations of the probiotic mixture (MSB3 group). Fish fed with various levels of MSB showed a maintained histological structure of the hepatopancreas, intestine, and spleen tissues. The mRNA expression of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were increased in a dose-dependent manner due to MSB dietary inclusion (P < 0.05). Conversely, the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene was significantly decreased in MSB groups compared to untreated group (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, supplemented groups in Bacillus spp. probiotics exhibited significant modulations in all computed parameters. MSB supplementation improved the pathogenic tolerance of tilapia after change with A. flavus. The integration of growth performance, biochemical, and transcriptomic results confirms that the dietary intervention of multi-strain Bacillus spp. is symbiotic and enhances the benefits for the maintenance of O. niloticus' health, growth, and digestion. This is achieved by supporting growth genes, reducing inflammatory genes, and enhancing immune-antioxidant resistance to combat A. flavus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown III-nitride tunnel junction (TJ) devices showing negative differential resistance (NDR) under forward bias with a peak to valley ratio of 1.3 at room temperature. Previously, NDR in GaN material systems has only been achievable utilizing molecular beam epitaxy or polarization enhanced AlGaN interlayers. The TJ devices presented here utilize structures based on p+InGaN/n+InGaN materials with the n-side of the junction doped with both Si and Mg and with electron and hole concentrations roughly in the 1019 cm−3 range. The Mg precursor flow is maintained at a constant rate during the whole TJ growth. This co-doped technique can eliminate several Mg-related issues such as delayed incorporation, the memory effect, and Mg solid-state diffusion. Structures grown on relaxed InGaN semibulk templates show enhanced hole concentrations and improved TJ performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While research suggests that both negative affect and alcohol use are impacted by exposure to harassment (i.e., sexual harassment, generalized harassment or bullying), less is known about the effect of harassment on negative affect subsequently leading to alcohol consumption, particularly in young adults. We examined the mediating role of negative affect on the relationships between sexual and generalized harassment at school and alcohol misuse. Methods: Participants were 2899 incoming freshmen in fall of 2011 who completed a Web-based survey assessing demographics (T0), sexual and generalized harassment at school (T0-T2), negative affect (T3), and problems associated with drinking, binge drinking, and drinking to intoxication (T0, T4, T5). Separate hybrid path models were fitted in Mplus v.8.8 for generalized harassment and sexual harassment and each outcome. Results: Mediation analyses showed a small but significant indirect effect for the sexual harassment model (beta = 0.05, S.E. = 0.01, p < 0.001) and generalized harassment (beta = 0.03, S.E. = 0.01, p < 0.01), indicating that negative affect partially mediated the associations between harassment early in students' college experience and later problems associated with drinking. No significant indirect effects were found for the binge drinking or intoxication models. Conclusions: High levels of negative affect associated with harassment may contribute to longer term impact on problematic use of alcohol in young adults, providing evidence that the effects of harassment on drinking may partly stem from harassment's lingering effects on negative affective pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation aimed to explore a theoretical model that examines the relationship between patterns of insecure attachment to God (i.e., anxious, avoidant), God-focused religious coping (i.e., divine struggles, positive religious coping), and mental health and well-being (i.e., happiness, depressive symptoms). The study's participants were 340 Israeli Jewish and Muslim individuals who completed electronic self-report questionnaires to assess the main variables of the study. The theoretical model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The analysis' findings indicated that there were no direct links between both patterns of insecure attachment to God and both happiness and depressive symptoms. Additionally, both anxious and avoidant attachment to God were found to be positively associated with divine struggles, and the latter mediated the relationship between both anxious and avoidant attachment to God and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between positive religious coping and any of the other variables in the study. Moreover, a comparative analysis revealed that the pattern of associations between the variables in the study was not dependent on gender or religious affiliation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is a common congenital disease present at birth, happening in approximately one to three of every 1000 healthy newborns. Evoked otoacoustic emission (OAE) is extremely useful in infant hearing screening. Tympanometry is a test that measures the changes of the acoustic impedance (AI) of the tympanic ossicular system (TOS). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of high-frequency tympanometry (HFT) in neonatal hearing screening (NHS), and to study the prevalence of HL in a sample of newborns. Patients and methods: This Cross-sectional study included 100 neonates who were tested in three stages, first stage was screening by transient evoked otoacouastic emissions (TEOAE) and HFT at primary health care centers, second and third stages was audiological diagnosis at the Audiology Unit of Mansoura New General Hospital. Results: Tympanometry (1000Hz) was with type A in 152 ears and type B in 48 ears. Ipsilateral acoustic reflexes were present in 146 ears and absent in 54 ears. In 2nd step, tympanometry (1000Hz) was type A in 29 right ears and 29 in left ears and type B in 8 right ears and 8 left ears. In 3rd step, tympanometry (1000Hz) with type A was in 22 ears and type B in 4 ears. Normal click auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was found in 17 ears and abnormal click ABR threshold was found in 9 ears. Conclusion: 1000 Hz tympanometry has to be a component of the NHS test battery. The HFT has to be considered for NHS programs to detect the middle ear pathological conditions in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immunonutrition controls the response of the body to disease and damage. Glutamine acts to maintain the intestinal tract, immune cells and muscle, thus it is important to attack against infections and mucositis, also modifies the inflammatory response. Arginine plays a significant role in cell proliferation, synthesis of protein, endocrine, and immune control. So they help to reduce the degree of toxicities induced by treatment. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunonutrition formula administration on the incidence of acute radiotherapy (RT) related toxicities, treatment interruption, overall treatment time and response to treatment. Patients and methods: This prospective study included 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria (adults > 18 years old, pelvic malignancy; bladder, prostate, cervix, uterus and rectum who received radical dose radiotherapy; adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or definitive, either alone or with chemotherapy or hormonal treatment, and PS 0-2). Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1 received immunonutrition with planned calculated diet and standard treatment, and group 2 that received standard treatment only with standard nutrition. difference regarding percentage of body weight loss, development of toxicity, time to recovery from toxicity, incidence of hospital admission, and treatment interruption, which were lower in group 1 (P value < 0.0001, 0.022, 0.001, 0.021, and 0.022 respectively). By multivariate logistic regression, group 1, diagnosis of bladder and rectal cancer were independent predictors of toxicity (P value 0.045, 0.026, and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Arginine, glutamine, fish oil immunonutrition formula administration could reduce the incidence of radiotherapy-related toxicities, hospital admission, treatment gap and prevent weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT angiography (UHR PCD-CTA) for evaluating coronary stent patency compared to invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Methods: Consecutive, clinically referred patients with prior coronary stent implantation were prospectively enrolled between August 2022 and March 2023 and underwent UHR PCD-CTA (collimation, 120 × 0.2 mm). Two radiologists independently analyzed image quality of the in-stent lumen using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("excellent") to 5 ("non-diagnostic"), and assessed all coronary stents for the presence of in-stent stenosis (≥ 50% lumen narrowing). The diagnostic accuracy of UHR PCD-CTA was determined, with ICA serving as the standard of reference. Results: A total of 44 coronary stents in 18 participants (mean age, 83 years ± 6 [standard deviation]; 12 women) were included in the analysis. In 3/44 stents, both readers described image quality as non-diagnostic, whereas reader 2 noted a fourth stent to have non-diagnostic image quality. In comparison to ICA, UHR PCD-CTA demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100% (95% CI [confidence interval] 47.8, 100), 92.3% (95% CI 79.1, 98.4), and 93.2% (95% CI 81.3, 98.6) for reader 1 and 100% (95% CI 47.8, 100), 87.2% (95% CI 72.6, 95.7), and 88.6% (95% CI 75.4, 96.2) for reader 2, respectively. Both readers observed a 100% negative predictive value (36/36 stents and 34/34 stents). Stent patency inter-reader agreement was 90.1%, corresponding to a substantial Cohen's kappa value of 0.72. Conclusions: UHR PCD-CTA enables non-invasive assessment of coronary stent patency with high image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Clinical relevance statement: Ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT angiography represents a reliable and non-invasive method for assessing coronary stent patency. Its high negative predictive value makes it a promising alternative over invasive coronary angiography for the rule-out of in-stent stenosis. Key Points: • CT-based evaluation of coronary stent patency is limited by stent-induced artifacts and spatial resolution. • Ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT accurately evaluates coronary stent patency compared to invasive coronary angiography. • Photon-counting detector CT represents a promising method for the non-invasive rule-out of in-stent stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florpyrauxifen‐benzyl (FPB) is a new arylpicolinate systemic herbicide that has been used to control or suppress the majority of herbicide‐resistant biotype weeds in rice. To our knowledge, the impact of FPB on the immune system remains undetected thus far. Hence, this work aimed to address the toxic effects of FPB and the possible related mechanisms on the spleen of exposed mice. Initially, an acute toxicological test was performed to ascertain the median lethal dose (LD50) of FPB for 24 h which was found to be 371.54 mg/kg b.wt. For mechanistic evaluation of FPB toxicity, three sublethal doses (1/20th, 1/10th, and 1/5th LD50) were orally administered to mice for 21 consecutive days. Changes in spleen relative weight, oxidative status, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, histopathological alterations were evaluated. Following the FPB exposure, significant (p < 0.05) decline in spleen index, apoptotic features, histolopathological changes were observed. Additionally, excessive oxidative stress in spleen tissues was monitored by downregulating antioxidant enzymes and upregulating the oxidant parameters. Furthermore, exposure to FPB resulted in notable activation of the NF‐қB signaling pathway, accompanied by elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (namely, IL‐1β and TNF‐α) as well as CD3 and CD19 levels have decreased significantly in spleen tissues. Collectively, FPB exposure exhibited apoptosis, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammatory response in a dose‐dependent manner, leading to spleen tissue damage and immunotoxicity. Further studies on FPB is recommended to outstand its hazards on ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms, prominently featuring the freezing of gait (FOG), which significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying FOG remain elusive, posing challenges for effective management and treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of FOG prediction and detection methodologies, with a focus on the integration of wearable sensor technology and machine learning (ML) approaches. Through an exhaustive review of the literature, this study identifies key trends, datasets, preprocessing techniques, feature extraction methods, evaluation metrics, and comparative analyses between ML and non-ML approaches. The analysis also explores the utilization of cueing devices. The limited adoption of explainable AI (XAI) approaches in FOG prediction research represents a significant gap. Improving user acceptance and comprehension requires an understanding of the logic underlying algorithm predictions. Current FOG detection and prediction research has a number of limitations, which are identified in the discussion. These include issues with cueing devices, dataset constraints, ethical and privacy concerns, financial and accessibility restrictions, and the requirement for multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research avenues center on refining explainability, expanding and diversifying datasets, adhering to user requirements, and increasing detection and prediction accuracy. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of FOG and offer valuable guidance for the development of more effective detection and prediction methodologies, ultimately benefiting individuals affected by PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ruptured intracranial aneurysms may face configurational changes in size and shape resulting from extreme weakness in their wall. These configurational changes are associated with an amplified risk of rupture and surgical challenges as these aneurysms have proven to be unstable. However, to our knowledge, no previous studies have addressed the issue of configurational aneurysmal changes between the patient’s presentation (radiological images) and intraoperative findings. This paper aims to compare aneurysmal size and shape between pre-operative Computed tomography angiography and intraoperative lesion characteristics in a cohort of patients presented to our centre. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on cases admitted to the Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, and underwent microsurgical clipping of ruptured aneurysms. Their records were checked for aneurysmal configurational changes by comparing pre-operative radiological images and intraoperative findings. Results: Of the 275 patients, 5 cases were enrolled with aneurysmal configurational changes. Three of them were females, and two were males. The pre-operative aneurysmal shapes based on Computed tomography angiography were (3 unicyst and two conical shapes) and the range of aneurysmal size was (7-11 mm) with a mean of 9 mm. Compared to intra-operative findings, there were total aneurysmal shape changes (connected cyst in 4 patients and spherical aneurysm in one patient). The range of aneurysmal size was (7-11 mm) with a mean of 9 mm. Conclusion: Intracranial aneurysms may undergo configurational changes through the time between pre-op imaging and surgery; early detection of these changes may ensure optimal management of such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several advanced snakes have a distinctive venom delivery system that includes the main venom gland, primary duct, accessory gland, secondary duct, and the fang for defense and to subdue prey. The main part involved in venom secretion is the venom gland, in addition to the accessory gland. Naja haje (Elapidae) was used in the current study as an additional model for venomous snakes. One of the snake's distinguishing characteristics is its ability to elevate its anterior body while flattening its neck in response to danger. In the current study, we examine the morphological and histological aspects of the venom gland to demonstrate the venom gland's development according to its histological nature at hatching. Frontally and sagittally serial sections are made to the head of the snake. The study shows the tubular shape of the venom gland. The lateral and post-orbital regions of the upper jaw are home to the venom glands. Around the whole primary duct is the accessory gland, and connected to the main venom gland. These findings contribute to our understanding of how N. haje's venom gland is histologically developed at hatching [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertebrates exhibit a great variety of dental patterns, from completely missing teeth to having several sets of teeth that are replaced over the course of a lifetime. Amniotes carrying teeth unlike other vertebrates have teeth only in the oral cavity and do not have pharyngeal teeth. The majority of what we know about tooth formation comes from research on a small number of model organisms. Furthermore, there are insufficient studies in the literature that provide a detailed description of Naja haje’s tooth formation at the hatching stage. Thus, we introduce this study as a part of the descriptive work on reptilian dentition. As an additional model, we detailed the tooth formation of a hatching Naja haje snake by using serial sections through the head. The histology of these sections demonstrated the histodifferentiation of both ameloblast and odontoblast cells at different developmental stages. All stages of tooth development; dental lamina, bud, cap, bell, implantation, and eruption have been completed. When N. haje hatches, its teeth are fully grown and inserted into the corresponding bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-generated thoughts have been widely investigated in recent years, while the terms "mind-wandering" and "day-dreaming" are usually used interchangeably. But are these terms equivalent? To test this, online study participants were presented with situations of a protagonist engaged in self-generated thoughts. The scenarios differed with regard to type of situation, the activity in which the protagonist was engaged in, and the properties of the self-generated thoughts. Two different groups evaluated the same situations; one group evaluated the extent to which the protagonist mind-wandered and another the extent to which the protagonist day-dreamt. Our key findings were that the situations were perceived differently with regard to mind-wandering and day-dreaming, depending on whether self-generated thoughts occurred when the protagonist was busy with another activity and the type of self-generated thoughts. In particular, while planning, worrying, and ruminating thoughts were perceived more as mind-wandering in situations involving another activity/task, the situations without another activity/task involving recalling past events and fantasizing thoughts were perceived more as day-dreaming. In the additional experiment, we investigated laypeople's reasons for classifying the situation as mind-wandering or day-dreaming. Our results altogether indicate that mind-wandering and day-dreaming might not be fully equivalent terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yielding of milk is of great economic importance for milk processors in dairy industry and for consumers. Also, milk composition has a major role in determining the price of milk. Protein amount is a major constituent in milk so this study focused on predicting its amount from total milk yield. Generally, the total milk yield and protein amount are linearly correlated, so it is important to study this relationship with other nonlinear models. This work attempted to: investigate the relationship between protein amount and milk production, predict protein amount from total milk yield and choose the best fit model for this purpose. Beside the linear model, ten nonlinear regression techniques were used such as power, quadratic and cubic modelling technique and others. Data of 1300 animal from lactation records of Holstein dairy cattle which belongs to Dina farms at Alexandria-Cairo desert road Egypt were used. The regression models (curve estimation regression method) were applied using SPSS software packages version 26. The goodness of fit measures for the best fit model are the highest value of R square and adjusted R square (inadequate or intuitive measures) with the lowest values of standard error of estimate and AIC values (more accurate measure). The results showed that from the 11 regression models, the power model was the best fit model to predict the amount of protein from total milk yield depending on R Square (0.856) and Adjusted R Square (0.856) that were the highest values between the models, smaller standard error of the estimates (0.230) and AIC value (-13135.84) which were the lowest values between the models. The power model could be used for prediction through this equation (protein amount = 0.130 * (total milk yield ** 0.815) after 15 iteration criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a nanoencapsulated platform for coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles (coQNPs) or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and explore their potential therapeutic benefits in treating hyperlipidemia and combating simvastatin (SV)-induced myopathy and adverse reactions in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the solid nanoparticles, coQNPs, and SeNPs were characterized, including zeta potential studies. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with various interventions for 112 days, including a nano-vehicle only, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with SV alone, or with coQNPs or/and SeNPs for the last 30 days. Results: The coQNPs and SeNPs exhibited uniform spherical shapes with high encapsulation efficiency (EE% 91.20±2.14 and 94.89±1.54, respectively). The results demonstrated that coQNPs and SeNPs effectively reduced hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, SV-induced myopathy, and hepatotoxicity. However, combining SV with coQNPs and SeNPs resulted in severe liver and muscle damage. Treatment with SV and SeNPs or SV and coQNPs alone showed significant improvements compared to SV treatment alone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CoQNPs or SeNPs platforms offer advanced relief for hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance while limiting adverse effects such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimorphic traits, shaped by both natural and sexual selection, ensure optimal fitness and survival of the organism. This includes neuronal circuits that are largely affected by different experiences and environmental conditions. Recent evidence suggests that sexual dimorphism of neuronal circuits extends to different levels such as neuronal activity, connectivity and molecular topography that manifest in response to various experiences, including chemical exposures, starvation and stress. In this review, we propose some common principles that govern experience‐dependent sexually dimorphic circuits in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. While sexually dimorphic neuronal circuits are predetermined, they have to maintain a certain level of fluidity to be adaptive to different experiences. The first layer of dimorphism is at the level of the neuronal circuit, which appears to be dictated by sex‐biased transcription factors. This could subsequently lead to differences in the second layer of regulation namely connectivity and synaptic properties. The third regulator of experience‐dependent responses is the receptor level, where dimorphic expression patterns determine the primary sensory encoding. We also highlight missing pieces in this field and propose future directions that can shed light onto novel aspects of sexual dimorphism with potential benefits to sex‐specific therapeutic approaches. Thus, sexual identity and experience simultaneously determine behaviours that ultimately result in the maximal survival success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pre-participation exams (PPE) in sports are vital in evaluating athlete safety and readiness for participation for the upcoming year. PPE ranges from evaluation of cardiovascular function to assessing for neurocognitive or neurological deficit. Sports-related concussion (SRC) baseline exams are a component of PPE. Computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) are widely used on different athletic performance platforms, although expense is a barrier, and many remain skeptical of their utility post-concussion. Neurological tests that can highlight impairment in executive functioning, short-term memory recall, complex task association, and vision perception and production are critical to consider for PPE. Stroop testing can be performed as a component of PPE and can serve as a baseline exam, as well as a sideline assessment to aid in identifying concussion impact on broader brain functions. In this paper, we combined saccadic eye movement, Stroop, and recall into a single, rapid, and costeffective assessment. Methods: A three-step Stroop panel was performed on 13 SRC patients and 167 PPE baselines. We examined the time it took to complete an 8x8 grid of Stroop words using a Hart chart saccadic eye movement task, plus a 10-word recall task. The three-step Stroop test set progressed in difficulty. The times it took to perform the tasks were assessed. Results: We found that the SRC patients performed significantly slower in performing the Stroop task, taking 84.5 ± 24.8 seconds compared to the PPE baseline of 62.3 ± 11.9 seconds (p= 0.000001). Both groups were similar in the 10-word recall of 4.0 ± 2.5 vs. 4.2 ± 1.7 correct out of ten. However, the 10 words had an undisclosed theme therein. When asked to identify the theme, the PPE baseline group recognized the theme 90% of the time compared to 31% for the SRC group (p=0.0000001). Discussion: In this paper, we present the methods for doing a three-step Stroop panel in support of using this exam as an objective tool to evaluate for concussions as a component of sideline concussion assessments. It is quantitative, cost-effective, and can be completed in about three minutes, revealing significant neurological function. The results support that the test can be used to assess memory, saccadic eye movement, and prefrontal cortex function. The regions of the brain assessed complement and extend the information that is obtained from other PPE baselines and neurologic tests post-SRC. We suggest that athletic trainers and other sports medical professionals consider using this Stroop panel in their sports concussion protocols as part of baseline and sideline assessments of concussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial neural networks and supervised learning have become an essential part of science. Beyond using them for accurate input-output mapping, there is growing attention to a new feature-oriented approach. Under the assumption that networks optimised for a task may have learned to represent and utilise important features of the target system for that task, scientists examine how those networks manipulate inputs and employ the features networks capture for scientific discovery. We analyse this approach, show its hidden caveats, and suggest its legitimate use. We distinguish three things that scientists call a 'feature': parametric, diagnostic, and real-world features. The feature-oriented approach aims for real-world features by interpreting the former two, which also partially rely on the network. We argue that this approach faces a problem of non-uniqueness: there are numerous discordant parametric and diagnostic features and ways to interpret them. When the approach aims at novel discovery, scientists often need to choose between those options, but they lack the background knowledge to justify their choices. Consequentially, features thus identified are not promised to be real. We argue that they should not be used as evidence but only used instrumentally. We also suggest transparency in feature selection and the plurality of choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sal Restivo's book, "Beyond New Atheism and Theism: A Sociology of Science, Secularism, and Religiosity," explores the ongoing debate between new atheists and theists in the Anglo-American sphere. Restivo argues that both sides are wrong in placing the individual at the core of their perspectives and overlook the societal context and its influence. He suggests that embracing secularism, which combines atheism with humanistic values, can lead to a more meaningful existence. While the book provides valuable sociological insights, some notable omissions and logical inconsistencies are present. Researchers of Jews and Judaism can use Restivo's analysis to understand the relations between beliefs and society in Jewish contexts. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Studies indicate a significant challenge for therapists in forming a therapeutic alliance (TA) with patients coping with anorexia nervosa (AN). While TA is a significant predictor of treatment outcomes, and AN treatment has low success rates, little is known about factors that affect the formation of an alliance and its quality in the treatment of AN. This study aimed at examining the factors associated with alliance formation, as perceived by patient–therapist dyads throughout AN therapy. Methods: A total of 18 dyads of patients with AN and their therapists were recruited from an eating disorder unit. The semistructured interviews focussed on the TA between the therapist and patient and examined facilitators towards, and barriers to, TA formation. Data analysis followed a thematic approach. Results: The data analysis revealed an overarching theme: the mutual wish of the patient and therapist to form a close relationship and related challenges. This theme was divided into subthemes: (1) the role of self‐disclosure of affection; (2) the meaning of the therapeutic setting; (3) coping with relationship ruptures; and (4) the importance of empathic acknowledgements. Conclusion: A major barrier to TA formation between patients with AN and their therapists is patients' conflict between a need for meaningful relationships and fear of re‐experiencing disappointment and pain. Self‐disclosures of affection, flexible treatment setting, acknowledgement of therapists' empathic failures and ability to see things from patients' perspectives are perceived by therapists and patients to facilitate alliance formation. This study also presents practical implications derived from these themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan/AgVO3 nanocomposite thin films were synthesized via solution casting method using water as solvent. Silver vanadate (AgVO3) nanoparticles were prepared separately using a chemical precipitation technique. The structure and properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling ratio tests, and antimicrobial assays. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between the amide I group of chitosan and AgVO3 nanoparticles. Increasing AgVO3 content resulted in decreased optical bandgap of the nanocomposite films. XRD patterns showed the amorphous nature of the nanocomposites. SEM images revealed evenly distributed AgVO3 nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix. The swelling ratio decreased with higher AgVO3 loading, suggesting improved hydrolytic stability. The nanocomposite films demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida fungus. The tunable optical properties, swelling behavior, and antibacterial effects spotlight the potential of chitosan/AgVO3 nanocomposites for versatile biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vegetable oil degumming process plays a critical role in refining edible oil. Phospholipids (PL) removal from crude extracted soybean oil (SBO) by the enzymatic degumming process has been investigated in this work. Enzymatic degumming of extracted SBO with microbial phospholipase A1 PLA-1 Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes have also been studied comparatively. The main novelty of our work is the use of the enzymatic degumming process on an industrial scale (600 tons a day). Many parameters have been discussed to understand in detail the factors affecting oil losses during the degumming process. The factors such as chemical conditioning (CC) by phosphoric acid 85%, the enzyme dosage mg/kg (feedstock dependent), the enzymatic degumming reaction time, and the characteristics of the plant-processed SBO have been discussed in detail. As a main point, the degummed oil with a phosphorus content of < 10 mg/kg increases yield. Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes are not specific for certain phospholipids PL; however, the conversion rate depends on the SBO phospholipid composition. After 4 h, over 99% of Phospholipids were degraded to their lysophospholipid LPL (lysolecithin). The results showed a significant effect of operating parameters and characteristics of different origins of SBO, fatty acids FFA content, Phosphorus content and total divalent metals (Calcium Ca, Magnesium Mg and Iron Fe mg/kg) content on the oil loss. The benefit of using enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils rather than traditional chemical refining is that the enzymatic degumming process reduces total oil loss. This decrease is known as enzymatic yield. The enzymatic degumming also decreases wastewater and used chemicals and running costs; moreover, it enables physical refining by lowering the residue phosphorus to < 10 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is polyneuropathy characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated processes that is classified into many subtypes based on electrophysiological and pathological criteria. The diagnosis of GBS can be confirmed using electrophysiological studies. However, electrophysiological studies may be normal when carried out early within 1 week in the course of the disease (Berciano et al. in J Neurol 264:221–236, 2017). One of the most useful imaging modalities for peripheral nerve diseases is ultrasonography (US). Nerve US in combination with electrophysiological studies provides an appropriate method in evaluating diseased peripheral nerves. This study aimed to enhance the reliability of early GBS diagnosis by correlating the findings of electrophysiological studies and nerve ultrasound. The nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in 37 GBS patients and 37 controls combined with cross-sectional area (CSA) assessment with US within the first 3 days of onset of symptoms and on day 14 after disease onset were evaluated. Results: At presentation, patients and controls did not differ significantly in NCS parameters (p ≥ 0.05) except for a significantly longer F-wave minimum latency in the median, ulnar, and tibial nerves in patients (p < 0.001). While on day 14 all NCS parameters differed significantly in patients in comparison to controls (p < 0.001) with exception of the sural nerve parameters (p ≥ 0.05). Except for the sural nerve (p ≥ 0.05), all the examined nerves' CSAs were considerably higher in patients at presentation and on day 14 in comparison to the controls (p < 0.001). The subtypes of Guillain–Barré syndrome either demyelinating, axonal or mixed axonal and demyelinating did not significantly differ regarding the CSAs of all the examined nerves either at presentation or on day 14 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Electrophysiological results in GBS are crucial in diagnosing the disease and understanding its pathophysiology, but serial NCSs are required. Ultrasound shows structural aspects of the nerve, so ultrasonography is a reliable tool which can be used in diagnosis and follow-up of early GBS. As a result, combining the two investigations has a complementary effect in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiotherapy in head and neck cancer management causes degeneration of the salivary glands (SG). This study was designed to determine the potential of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) as a cell-based therapy to regenerate irradiated parotid SG tissues and restore their function using a murine model. Methods: Cultured isolated cells from gingival tissues of 4 healthy guinea pigs at passage 3 were characterized as GMSCSs using flow cytometry for surface markers and multilineage differentiation capacity. Twenty-one Guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups: Group I/Test, received single local irradiation of 15 Gy to the head and neck field followed by intravenous injection of labeled GMSCs, Group II/Positive control, which received the same irradiation dose followed by injection of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and Group III/Negative control, received (PBS) injection only. Body weight and salivary flow rate (SFR) were measured at baseline, 11 days, 8-, 13- and 16-weeks post-irradiation. At 16 weeks, parotid glands were harvested for assessment of gland weight and histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The injected GMSCs homed to degenerated glands, with subsequent restoration of the normal gland histological acinar and tubular structure associated with a significant increase in cell proliferation and reduction in apoptotic activity. Subsequently, a significant increase in body weight and SFR, as well as an increase in gland weight at 16 weeks in comparison with the irradiated non-treated group were observed. Conclusion: The study provided a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of xerostomia by re-engineering radiated SG using GMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are commonly categorized as enzyme‐inducers and non‐enzyme‐inducers based on their propensity to enhance the metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs. This systematic review and network meta‐analysis aimed to rank ASMs as cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)‐inducers based on a comparative assessment of ASM‐induced reduction in the concentrations of sensitive substrate drugs. Methods: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42022335846), and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis) standards were followed. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane until March 14, 2023 without an initial date restriction. Data were additionally obtained via the US Food and Drug Administration database. Studies had to be prospective, with ASM monotherapy for ≥5 days. The primary parameter was the magnitude of change in the area under the concentration–time curve of CYP3A substrates following treatment with the ASM. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as the point estimate for the indirect comparisons between ASMs using the pairwise method. Bias risk was assessed using the PKclin tool. Results: We identified 14 open‐label, fixed‐sequence studies with 370 participants. The effect size of 600 mg/day carbamazepine did not differ from those of 300 mg/day phenytoin (SMD = −.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −.18 to.07) and 200 mg/day cenobamate (SMD = −.11, 95% CI = −.26 to.04). Carbamazepine at 600 mg/day was the strongest CYP3A‐inducer (P‐score =.88), followed by carbamazepine 400 mg/day (.83), phenytoin 300 mg/day (.79), and cenobamate 200 mg/day (.73). Eslicarbazepine (800 mg/day) ranked higher than cenobamate 100 mg/day and oxcarbazepine 900 mg/day (.60,.39, and.37, respectively). Significance: Despite the limited number of studies, our network meta‐analysis emphasizes that the magnitude of ASM effects on CYP3A substrate metabolism is a dose‐dependent continuum. When possible, ASM classification as inducers should apply cutoff values tailored to the outcome. Prescribers should monitor plasma concentrations or clinical effects of CYP3A substrates and consider selecting concomitant medications accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respectful maternity care is a crucial part of quality care and is associated with better health outcomes. Early in the Covid-19 pandemic, reports from across the world indicated that infection containment measures were often implemented in ways that resulted in disrespectful care of women during facility-based childbirths in violation of evidence-based practices. This study aimed to explore the associations between childbirth care practices and perceptions of care as satisfactory and respectful among women who delivered in Israeli hospitals during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was conducted to explore women's perceptions of maternity care using an adapted version of the WHO Community Survey Tool for measuring how women are treated during facility-based childbirth. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric information, and measurements of childbirth experiences and women's perceptions of receiving respectful and satisfactory care. Results: The responses of 981 women were included in the analysis. While the majority of women perceived the care they received as both respectful (86.54%) and satisfactory (80.22%), almost 3 in 4 women (72.68%) reported experiencing at least one type of disrespectful care. Positive communication with the medical staff and respect for autonomy were associated with a more positive birth experience for women. Women were more likely to perceive their care as respectful if they did not feel ignored (AOR = 40.11;22.87–70.34). Perception of satisfactory care was more likely among women who had the opportunity to discuss preferences with the medical staff (AOR = 10.15; 6.93–14.86). Having Covid-19 procedures explained increased the likelihood of reporting respectful and satisfactory care (AOR = 2.89;1.91–4.36; AOR = 2.83;2.01–4). Conclusion: Understanding which care practices are associated with women's perceptions of care at facility-based births is critical to ensuring quality care. The findings of this study can inform future work and research aimed at enhancing respectful maternity care during times of crisis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The material used for pulp capping has a significant impact on the outcome of vital pulp therapy. This study compared the pulp tissue response to Pulpine NE versus Biodentine as direct pulp capping materials in a dog model. Methods: Twenty-four teeth in two mongrel dogs (1-2-year-old) were used. In each dog (n=12 teeth), the dental pulps were exposed in 8 teeth (2 experimental groups, 4 teeth each) and left unexposed in 4 teeth (control group, n=4 teeth). A class V cavity was performed on the buccal surface of the selected teeth in the experimental groups. The exposed pulps were capped either with Pulpine-NE (group I) or Biodentine (group II). Then, the cavities were restored with Riva resin modified glass ionomer filling material. One dog was euthanized at 14 days after pulp capping and the second dog was euthanized after 45 days. Histological analysis of the continuity of dentin bridge, tissue disorganization and inflammatory reaction were statistically analyzed. Results: The results revealed that Biodentine exhibited statistically significant higher dentin bridge formation than Pulpine NE after 14 and 45 days (P<0.05). Pulpine NE showed significant higher tissue disorganization than Biodentine after 45 days (P=0.046). The number of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in Pulpine NE samples than that of the Biodentine samples after 15 days (P=0.042). Conclusions: Pulpine NE was capable of inducing reparative dentin when used as a direct pulp capping material. Nevertheless, Biodentine showed more efficient dentin bridge formation, tissue organization and anti-inflammatory potential than Pulpine NE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is considered a significant environmental issue in modern times thus the purpose of this paper is to compare the use of different waste materials in replacing aggregates in concrete. This study investigates the potential of incorporating plastic waste (PW), textile sludge (TS), and construction and demolition waste (CDW) into concrete as sustainable alternatives to traditional construction materials, by evaluating its mechanical, durability characteristics as well as the cost related to different process of the project. The study focuses on the use of PW and TS as a replacement for fine aggregate, and CDW as replacements for coarse aggregate. Thus, four concrete mixes incorporating PW and TS were prepared, using 0% 10%, 25%, 40% replacement levels. The compressive strength of concrete with 10% plastic waste as fine aggregate was 32.49 N/mm² showing higher results than that of TS. Furthermore, another four concrete mixes incorporating CDW were prepared, using 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% replacement levels. The compressive strength of concrete with 25% CDW was 30.90 N/mm² indicating an increase of 2% than the control block. The study concluded that the best strategy is to incorporate construction and demolition waste as a replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. This is because it resulted in an increase in compressive strength as well as a decrease in cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Pierre Bourdieu's capital framework as a theoretical lens, this qualitative phenomenological case study explored the challenges that obstruct African refugee students' access to higher education in Egypt. Fifteen African refugee students (ten male and five female) in Egypt responded to semi-structured interview questions to express their views regarding the challenges that prevent them from attending public and private post-secondary institutions. The authors identified these challenges and classified them into three thematic categories: sociocultural, economic and psychological barriers. In addition to these barriers, the lack of relevant laws and policies governing refugee access to higher education in Egypt and the absence of support systems have exacerbated an already dire situation for refugee students. The authors conclude their article with a number of recommendations to enhance and facilitate the access of refugees to higher education in their host communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congo red (CR) is an anionic dye that is released from various industries and demonstrates a negative effect on the environment and human health. Dye`s elimination from the environment is an important challenge; therefore, the aim of this study was the application of unhydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse wastes, after acid hydrolysis, drying, grinding and including cellulose acetate to form different composite sheets. The composite sheets were applied in the 3Rs (Removal of Congo red using the composite sheet, Recover of the Congo red after removal using ethanol, and Reuse of the composite sheet many times) processes. The Congo red removal efficiency by the composite sheets was optimized using two statistical methods, One Factor at A Time (OFAT) and General Factorial Design. Afterward, isotherms models and kinetics studies were investigated; moreover, the reusability was also examined. The results exhibited that, the Congo red removal efficiency of 76.27 % was achieved for 500 ppm of the dye using the composite sheet with a concentration of 7 g/L; at a pH value of 7.0 and a contact time of 240 min. Interestingly, the composite sheets have been applied for 3Rs (Removal, Recovery, Reuse) cycles 5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Carbon Tetra Chloride (CCl4`) is a chemical toxin that induces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring antioxidant present in meat, fish, nuts. Aim of the Work: Was to assess the protective effect of CoQ10 on Kidney injury following the exposure to Carbon Tetra Chloride (CCl4`). Materials and Methods: Forty-four adult male albino rats divided into three groups. Group I(control) included 24rats, Group II (CCl4-treated group): included10 rats that were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 solution at a dose of 0.1 ml / 100 gm B.W. twice weekly for 2 weeks. Group III (CCl4+ CoQ10-treated group): included 10 rats that were received concomitant intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 at the same doses and the same duration as in group II, in addition to CoQ10 at a dose of 10 mg/kg B.W./day. At the end of experiment, all the rats were sacrificed; the kidneys were dissected and processed for microscopic examination (LM&EM). Immunostaining for iNos was done. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: CCl4 induce marked distortion of the renal cortical architecture. LM examination showed hypercellularity of glomerular tuft with obliteration of capsular space. Adhesion of the glomerular tuft to parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule occurred. Also effacement of the foot process of podocyte was detected by EM. Renal cortical tubules revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Interstitial tissue showed mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate and consequently fibrosis. This was confirmed by significant increase in area% of collagen fibers. INos immunostaining showed significant increase in CCL4 treated group compared to the control and treated groups. Serum BUN& creatinine revealed statistically significant increase in group II compared to group I &III. All these changes were ameliorated by administration of CoQ10 (group III). Conclusions: CoQ10 can protect against CCl4-induced kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major human adenovirus (HAdV) replication site in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), yet the prevalence and correlates of HAdV GI infection in this setting have remained poorly recognized, especially among adult HSCT recipients. Design or methods: We retrospectively studied the prevalence and risk factors of HAdV GI‐tissue infection in HSCT recipients (73 adults and 15 children) with GI symptoms who underwent GI‐tissue biopsy between January‐2012 and December‐2017. The presence of HAdV in the GI tissues was determined by real‐time PCR. Results: HAdV GI‐tissue infection was detected in 21 (23.9%) patients, with similar infection rates identified in adults and children. GI‐tissue detection was more common at late (>100 days) compared to early times post‐transplantation (50% vs. 12.9%, p <.001). The presence of bloody diarrhea, Arab ethnicity (p =.014) and concurrent cytomegalovirus GI‐tissue detection (p =.025) were significantly correlated with HAdV GI‐tissue infection, while chronic graft versus host disease was of borderline association (p =.055). Conclusions: Our findings reveal a high rate and new clinical‐demographic correlates of HAdV GI‐tissue infection in adult and pediatric HSCT recipients with GI symptoms. The findings highlight the need for future prospective studies to assess the relatedness of HAdV infection to the GI symptoms, and the prevalence, impact, and treatment of HAdV GI infection in HSCT recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we explore our surroundings, we frequently move our gaze to collect visual information. Studies have extensively examined gaze behavior in response to different visual scenes. Here, we examined how differences in an individual's state may affect visual exploration, for example, following acute stress. In this study, participants were exposed to either a psychosocial stressor—performing a public speaking task in front of a two‐person committee—or a control condition absent stress induction. Elicitation of stress responses was validated using cortisol levels and subjective reports. Stress also led to an extended increase in pupil diameter (a proxy of arousal responses), suggesting it may also affect eye movements. Gaze behavior measures were taken prior and following the stress or control tasks. Acute stress attenuated visual exploration, reflected by fewer saccades and a smaller scanned area. Stress did not have a significant effect on either the tendency to look at social features or at salient regions of the images. These findings diverge from theoretical predictions suggesting that acute stress may facilitate social affiliative behaviors (e.g., Tend‐and‐Befriend theory). Reduced saccades and a smaller scanned area may be a possible mechanism explaining previous reports showing stress‐related effects on various cognitive processes (e.g., visual working memory) that rely on visual exploration. Gaze behavior is influenced by factors such as stimuli and task. The current study focuses on how gaze behavior changes in an unpredictable and demanding state, following acute stress. Acute stress leads to a prolonged attenuation of visual exploration, reflected by a smaller scanned area and fewer saccades. These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which stress affects behavior, and suggest stress may particularly impact cognitive processes that rely on the oculomotor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most robust global challenges and difficulties in the 21st century is cancer. Treating cancer is a goal which continues to motivate researchers to innovate in design and development of new treatments to help battle the disease. Objectives: Our objective was developing new antiapoptotic hybrids based on biologically active heterocyclic motifs "benzimidazole?oxadiazole-chalcone hybrids'' that had shown promising ability to inhibit EGFR and induce apoptosis. We expected these scaffolds to display anticancer activity via inhibition of BRAF, EGFR, and Bcl-2 and induction of apoptosis through activation of caspases. Methods: The new hybrids 7a-x were evaluated for their anti-proliferative, EGFR & BRAFV600E inhibitory, and apoptosis induction activities were detected. Docking study & dynamic stimulation into EGFR and BRAFV600E were studied. Results: All hybrids exhibited remarkable cell growth inhibition on the four tested cell lines with IC50 ranging from 0.95 μM to 12.50 μM. which was comparable to Doxorubicin. Compounds 7k-m had the most potent EGFR inhibitory activity. While, compounds 7e, 7g, 7k and 7l showed good inhibitory activities against BRAFV600E. Furthermore, Compounds 7k, 7l, and 7m increased Caspases 3,8 & 9, Cytochrome C and Bax levels and decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Compounds 7k-m received the best binding scores and showed binding modes that were almost identical to each other and comparable with that of the co-crystalized Erlotinib in EGFR and BRAF active sites. Conclusion: Compounds 7k-m could be used as potential apoptotic anti-proliferative agents upon further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Neurodiversity is a concept and a social movement that addresses and normalizes human neurocognitive heterogeneity to promote acceptance and inclusion of neuro-minorities (e.g., learning disabilities, attention disorders, psychiatric disorders, and more) in contemporary society. Neurodiversity is attributed to nature and nurture factors, and about a fifth of the human population is considered neurodivergent. What does neurodiversity mean neuroscientifically? This question forms the foundation of the present entry, which focuses on existing scientific evidence on neurodiversity including neurodiversity between and within individuals, and the evolutional perspective of neurodiversity. Furthermore, the neuroscientific view will be synergistically integrated with social approaches, particularly in the context of the normalization of neurodiversity and its association with the medical and social models of disability. This multidimensional analysis offers a cohesive and comprehensive understanding of neurodiversity, drawing insights from various vantage points, such as social, psychological, clinical, and neuroscientific viewpoints. This integrated approach fosters a nuanced and holistic discussion on the topic of human diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In trees, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as long‐term carbon storage and long‐distance carbon transport from source to sink. NSC management in response to drought stress is key to our understanding of drought acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with NSC quantification in the leaves, stems, and roots of Populus alba under drought stress, we analyzed genes from 29 gene families related to NSC signaling, translocation, and metabolism. We found starch depletion across organs and accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) in the leaves. Activation of the trehalose‐6‐phosphate/SNF1‐related protein kinase (SnRK1) signaling pathway across organs via the suppression of class I TREHALOSE‐PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) and the expression of class II TPS genes suggested an active response to drought. The expression of SnRK1α and β subunits, and SUCROSE SYNTHASE6 supported SS accumulation in leaves. The upregulation of active transporters and the downregulation of most passive transporters implied a shift toward active sugar transport and enhanced regulation over partitioning. SS accumulation in vacuoles supports osmoregulation in leaves. The increased expression of sucrose synthesis genes and reduced expression of sucrose degradation genes in the roots did not coincide with sucrose levels, implying local sucrose production for energy. Moreover, the downregulation of invertases in the roots suggests limited sucrose allocation from the aboveground organs. This study provides an expression atlas of NSC‐related genes that respond to drought in poplar trees, and can be tested in tree improvement programs for adaptation to drought conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has led to wide usage of disinfectants as Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL). Some studies declared that exposure to chlorine-based disinfectants is considered as a source of irritation and airway inflammation. Aim of Work: Determine the histopathological effects of NaOCL inhalation on the tracheal mucosa and the reversibility of these effects upon recovery. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I: was further subdivided into subgroup IA: ten rats were used as negative control, subgroup IB: ten rats exposed to nebulized distilled water 20 minutes/ day for three weeks. Group II: ten rats exposed to nebulized 4% NaOCL 20 minutes/day for three weeks. Group III: ten rats exposed to NaOCL same as group II and were left for another three weeks without exposure. At the end of experiment for each group, rats were anesthetized, sacrificed and trachea were excised and processed for light and electron microscopic examination also morphometric and statistical studies were done. Results: Examination of sections of group II rats revealed marked distortion of tracheal epithelial cells, indistinct cell boundaries, shrunken heterochromatic nuclei, loss of apical cilia and highly significant decrease in epithelial height with highly significant increase in mean of number of goblet cells and area percentage of collagen. Sections of the group III showed that the tracheal lining was almost restored. Yet, it appeared disorganized cells, with restored but almost amalgamated cilia. Goblet cells revealed back to normal number but were still variable shaped. However, mean epithelial height and mean area percentage of collagen did not go back to their control ranges. Conclusion: Inhalation of NaOCL has been found to cause partially reversible histopathological effects on the tracheal mucosal. Thus, excessive use of household chlorine containing detergents should be limited or better substituted by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Menopause is the time that marks passing 12 months after the last menstruation cycle in women between ages 40–50. Menopausal women often experience depression and insomnia that significantly impact their overall well-being and quality of life. This systematic review aims to determine the effects of different therapeutic physiotherapy modalities on insomnia and depression in perimenopausal, menopausal, and post-menopausal women. Methodology: After identifying our inclusion/exclusion criteria, we conducted a database search in Ovid Embase, MIDRIS, PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceOpen, where 4007 papers were identified. By using EndNote software, we excluded duplicates, unrelated, and non-full text papers. Adding more studies from manual search, we finally included 31 papers including 7 physiotherapy modalities: exercise, reflexology, footbath, walking, therapeutic and aromatherapy massage, craniofacial message, and yoga. Results: Reflexology, yoga, walking and aromatherapy massage showed an overall significant impact on decreasing insomnia and depression in menopausal women. Most of exercise and stretching interventions also showed improvement in sleep quality but inconsistent findings regarding depression. However, insufficient evidence was found regarding the effect of craniofacial massage, footbath, and acupressure on improving sleep quality and depression in menopausal women. Conclusion: Using non-pharmaceutical interventions such as therapeutic and manual physiotherapy have an overall positive impact on reducing insomnia and depression in menopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In trees, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as long‐term carbon storage and long‐distance carbon transport from source to sink. NSC management in response to drought stress is key to our understanding of drought acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with NSC quantification in the leaves, stems, and roots of Populus alba under drought stress, we analyzed genes from 29 gene families related to NSC signaling, translocation, and metabolism. We found starch depletion across organs and accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) in the leaves. Activation of the trehalose‐6‐phosphate/SNF1‐related protein kinase (SnRK1) signaling pathway across organs via the suppression of class I TREHALOSE‐PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) and the expression of class II TPS genes suggested an active response to drought. The expression of SnRK1α and β subunits, and SUCROSE SYNTHASE6 supported SS accumulation in leaves. The upregulation of active transporters and the downregulation of most passive transporters implied a shift toward active sugar transport and enhanced regulation over partitioning. SS accumulation in vacuoles supports osmoregulation in leaves. The increased expression of sucrose synthesis genes and reduced expression of sucrose degradation genes in the roots did not coincide with sucrose levels, implying local sucrose production for energy. Moreover, the downregulation of invertases in the roots suggests limited sucrose allocation from the aboveground organs. This study provides an expression atlas of NSC‐related genes that respond to drought in poplar trees, and can be tested in tree improvement programs for adaptation to drought conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital news outlets rely on a variety of outside contributors, from freelance journalists, to political commentators, to executives and politicians. These external dependencies create a network among news outlets, traced along the contributors they share. Using connections between outlets, we demonstrate how contributors' publishing trajectories tend to align with outlet political leanings. We also show how polarized clustering of outlets translates to differences in the topics of news covered and the style and tone of articles published. In addition, we demonstrate how contributors who cross partisan divides tend to focus on less explicitly political topics. This work addresses an important gap in the media polarization literature, by highlighting how structural factors on the production side of news media create an ecosystem shaped by political leanings, independent of the priorities of any one person or organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splitting of the effective Rabi frequencies for plasmonic fields when the interaction occurs between semiconductor quantum dot and three metallic nanospheres in the presence of three electromagnetic fields is examined. We study theoretically the role of the dipole–dipole interactions in creating many Multipoles. Then, we split the effective Rabi frequencies into three parts according to the quantitative Multipoles of the plasmonic fields. The density matrix equations are derived for the description of the optical properties of the SQD-MNPs nanosystem. We investigate the influence of each part of the effective Rabi frequencies and compare them with each other individually. The three parts of the effective Rabi frequency for the probe field are affected by changing the angles, the strong probe field and other parameters for the hybrid system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]