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This article considers the role of criminal justice in maintaining state authority and social cohesion during a period of crisis. It presents a case study of the Parlement of Paris during the French Wars of Religion (1562–98), particularly in the final phase of the conflict known as the troubles of the League (1584–98). The article analyses a major body of new evidence in sample periods of appeals to the Parlement that contain a total of 2,500 appellants who brought their cases to Paris from across the court's jurisdiction. This evidence demonstrates that, despite the crisis of the civil wars, the magistrates of the Parlement ensured that some provision for criminal justice remained in place. In this light, we might reassess the resilience of criminal justice under the Old Regime and judge it not only by the ideal of absolute monarchy that its advocates misleadingly proclaimed, but rather within the limited resources and systemic constraints that existed at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In Pseudomonas donghuensis SVBP6, isolated from an agricultural field, the well‐conserved Gac‐Rsm pathway upregulates biosynthesis of the antifungal compound 7‐hydroxytropolone (7‐HT). However, 7‐HT does not fully explain the strain's Gac‐Rsm‐dependent antimicrobial activity. Here, we combined comparative transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to identify novel GacS‐dependent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) and/or extracellular specialized metabolites. Our data revealed a broad impact of GacS on gene expression and extracellular metabolite profile of SVBP6. At both the mRNA and polypeptide levels, specialized metabolism was the main affected functional category in the gacS mutant. The major extracellular MS/MS spectral families promoted by GacS were fatty acid amides, fatty acids, and alkaloids. GacS was required for the production of the antimicrobial compound pseudoiodinine and to activate expression of the corresponding BGC. We also detected GacS‐dependent production of 2,3,4‐trihydro‐β‐carboline‐1‐one, which may add to the antimicrobial arsenal of SVBP6. Furthermore, transcriptomics and proteomics pinpointed several GacS‐activated BGCs that had escaped in silico genome mining tools. Altogether, comparative multi‐omics analyses of gacS loss‐of‐function mutants in Pseudomonas isolates are a promising strategy to uncover bioactive metabolites and/or their BGCs. Discovery of novel natural products is important for harnessing the potential of microbiota to improve crop plant growth and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer immunotherapies produce remarkable results in B cell malignancies; however, optimal cell surface targets for many solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we present an integrative proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analysis of tumor and normal tissues to identify biologically relevant cell surface immunotherapeutic targets for neuroblastoma, an often-fatal childhood cancer. Proteogenomic analyses reveal sixty high-confidence candidate immunotherapeutic targets, and we prioritize delta-like canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) for further study. High expression of DLK1 directly correlates with a super-enhancer. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry show robust cell surface expression of DLK1. Short hairpin RNA mediated silencing of DLK1 in neuroblastoma cells results in increased cellular differentiation. ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), shows potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma xenograft models. Since high DLK1 expression is found in several adult and pediatric cancers, our study demonstrates the utility of a proteogenomic approach and credentials DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target. [Display omitted] • Multi-omic data integration prioritizes DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target • DLK1 expression is driven by a super-enhancer • DLK1 silencing in neuroblastoma cells results in cellular differentiation • DLK1-directed ADC shows potent and specific cytotoxicity in preclinical models Hamilton et al. perform proteogenomic analyses to discover high-confidence candidate immunotherapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Delta-like canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) is prioritized and validated. A DLK1-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADCT-701) is developed and shows potent and specific in vivo cytotoxicity, supporting a phase 1 first-in-human clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06041516). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canada has one of the highest prevalence of cannabis use globally, particularly among young adults aged 20–24 (50%) and youth aged 16–19 (37%). In 2018, Canada legalized recreational cannabis with the aim of protecting youth by restricting their access and raising public awareness of health risks. However, there has been limited qualitative research on the perceptions of harms associated with youth cannabis use since legalization, which is crucial for developing effective harm reduction strategies. This qualitative study examined perceptions of cannabis use among youth from the perspectives of youth, parents, and service providers. We explored how participants described the perceived risks or harms associated with youth cannabis use, as well as how they described their own and others' approaches to reducing cannabis-related risks and harms. Methods: This qualitative study used a community-based participatory research approach in partnership with Families for Addiction Recovery (FAR), a national charity founded by parents of youth and young adults with addiction issues. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The study included 88 participants from three key groups (n = 31 youth, n = 26 parents, n = 31 service providers). Two main themes emerged regarding perceived risks or harms associated with cannabis use: (1) concerns about cannabis-related risks and harms, including addiction, brain development, impact on family, and various adverse effects on areas such as motivation, concentration, finances, employment, education, physical and mental health; and (2) minimization of risks and harms, featuring conflicting messages, normalization, and perceptions of cannabis being less harmful than other substances. Additionally, two themes related to harm reduction approaches were identified: (1) implementation of harm reduction, and (2) challenges in implementing a harm reduction approach. Specific challenges for each participant group were noted, along with structural barriers such as unavailable and inaccessible services, easy access to cannabis, inadequate public education, and insufficient information on lower-risk cannabis use guidelines. Conclusions: Youth cannabis use is a significant public health concern that requires a multi-pronged approach. Developing youth-centered harm reduction strategies that recognize the developmental needs and vulnerabilities of youth, as well as the important role of families, is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses and virally derived particles have the intrinsic capacity to deliver molecules to cells, but the difficulty of readily altering cell-type selectivity has hindered their use for therapeutic delivery. Here, we show that cell surface marker recognition by antibody fragments displayed on membrane-derived particles encapsulating CRISPR–Cas9 protein and guide RNA can deliver genome editing tools to specific cells. Compared to conventional vectors like adeno-associated virus that rely on evolved capsid tropisms to deliver virally encoded cargo, these Cas9-packaging enveloped delivery vehicles (Cas9-EDVs) leverage predictable antibody–antigen interactions to transiently deliver genome editing machinery selectively to cells of interest. Antibody-targeted Cas9-EDVs preferentially confer genome editing in cognate target cells over bystander cells in mixed populations, both ex vivo and in vivo. By using multiplexed targeting molecules to direct delivery to human T cells, Cas9-EDVs enable the generation of genome-edited chimeric antigen receptor T cells in humanized mice, establishing a programmable delivery modality with the potential for widespread therapeutic utility. Cell-specific molecular delivery with enveloped delivery vehicles enables genome editing ex vivo and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with food allergies have been an important and steadily growing field of research for the past 20 years. There seem to be conceptual and methodological challenges that might influence the face validity of QOL and HRQOL research in general health research, but this has not been investigated in pediatric and adolescent food allergy research up until now. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the QOL and HRQOL studies on food allergy in children and adolescents under the age of 18. Methods: The systematic review was conducted on studies purporting to measure QOL or HRQOL in children and adolescents with food allergies. The literature search was developed in Ovid MEDLINE and databases used in the review were Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and Scopus. Studies were evaluated based on a set of face validity criteria developed by Gill and Feinstein in 1994 and refined by Moons et al. in 2004. Results: Out of 61 studies eligible for the review, 11 (18%) defined QOL or HRQOL and two distinguished QOL from HRQOL. The Food Allergy Quality of Life (FAQLQ) instrument series is the most frequently used HRQOL measurement among the studies included. QOL and HRQOL were employed interchangeably in half of the studies, some of them also using a third term in addition. Conclusion: Our findings lead to the conclusion that the research field investigated contains methodological and conceptual shortcomings regarding QOL and HRQOL. An increased awareness toward the terminology as well as consideration of points to reflect upon will be beneficial, as this will also improve the validity of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine cyclists (age: 26 ± 5 years, height: 168 ± 5 cm and mass 58.5 ± 4.5 kg) were observed using continuous glucose monitoring devices throughout a training camp. Interstitial glucose [iG] data were captured via the Abbott libre sense biosensor (Abbott Laboratories) and paired with the Supersapiens software (TT1 Products Inc.). [iG] data were split into time ranges, that is, overall (24‐hourly), day‐time (06:00–23:59), night‐time (00:00–05:59) and exercise. [iG] data were stratified into percentage of time, below range ([TBR] < 70 mg/dl), in range ([TIR] 70–140 mg/dl) and above range ([TAR] ≥ 141 mg/dl). Differences in diurnal and nocturnal data were analysed via repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t‐tests where appropriate. p‐value of ≤0.05 was accepted as significant. Riders spent an average of 3 ± 1% TAR, 93 ± 2% TIR and 8 ± 3% TBR. Mean 24 h [iG] was 93 ± 2 mg/dl with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 18 ± 1%. Mean (day: 95 ± 3 vs. night: 86 ± 3 mg/dl and p < 0.001) and CV (day: 18 ± 1 vs. night: 9 ± 1% and p < 0.001) in [iG] were higher during the day‐time hours. TAR was greater during the day (day: 3 ± 1 vs. night: 0 ± 0% and p < 0.001) but TBR and TIR were similar. Glucose levels below the clinical range may have implications for those without diabetes and warrants further investigation. Highlights: The data provided in this study offer novel insight into the daily glycaemic responses of female cyclists engaged in consecutive days' worth of heavy exercise training as part of a performance camp.% Time above range was greatest during exercise whereas, the % time below range was at its lowest. This may offer some insight into the demands of exercise and glucose variability.Riders maintained a high percentage of time spent in range, yet displayed some time <70 mg/dl, that is, hypoglycaemia. A proportionate amount of time was spent with glucose levels below the clinical range, the potential health and/or sports performance implications of this in athletic individuals without diabetes warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rates of subtotal cholecystectomy (STC) are increasing in response to challenging cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to avoid bile duct injury, yet are associated with significant morbidity. The present study identifies risk factors for STC and both derives and validates a risk model for STC. Methods: LC performed for all biliary pathology across three general surgical units were included (2015–2020). Clinicopathological, intraoperative and post-operative details were reported. Backward stepwise multivariable regression was performed to derive the most parsimonious predictive model for STC. Bootstrapping was performed for internal validation and patients were categorised into risk groups. Results: Overall, 2768 patients underwent LC (median age, 53 years; median ASA, 2; median BMI, 29.7 kg/m2), including 99 cases (3.6%) of STC. Post-operatively following STC, there were bile leaks in 29.3%, collections in 19.2% and retained stones in 10.1% of patients. Post-operative intervention was performed in 29.3%, including ERCP (22.2%), laparoscopy (5.0%) and laparotomy (3.0%). The following variables were positive predictors of STC and were included in the final model: age > 60 years, male sex, diabetes mellitus, acute cholecystitis (AC), increased severity of AC (CRP > 90 mg/L), ≥ 3 biliary admissions, pre-operative ERCP with/without stent, pre-operative cholecystostomy and emergency LC (AUC = 0.84). Low, medium and high-risk groups had a STC rate of 0.8%, 3.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Discussion: The present study determines the morbidity of STC and identifies high-risk features associated with STC. A risk model for STC is derived and internally validated to help surgeons identify high-risk patients and both improve pre-operative decision-making and patient counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Nightmares affect up to 12% of the population and are often comorbid with psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Limited research has examined their influence on nightmare frequency. This study investigates the relationship between depression and trait-anxiety symptoms on incident nightmare frequency at follow-up. Method: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted on 758 Wisconsin Sleep Cohort participants. Trait anxiety and depression symptom severity were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Zung Depression Scale. Ordinal regression determined nightmare frequency cutoffs based on anxiety and depression severity. Cross-sectional associations were assessed with Spearman and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Longitudinal associations were analyzed using adjusted binomial regression of binary nightmare frequency (low: <4/month, high: >5/month) against clinical cutoffs of trait anxiety and depression. Results: Adjusted models indicated a small correlation between baseline nightmare frequency and trait anxiety (β = 0.01, p =.010) and depression symptoms (β = 0.01, p =.005). High baseline trait-anxiety symptoms were associated with frequent nightmares at follow-up (OR = 3.75, CI95% [1.306,10.793], p <.014), but depression symptoms were not (OR = 1.35, CI95%[0.399, 4.587], p =.627). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high trait-anxiety symptoms are associated with increased incident nightmare frequency, when adjusted for depression. However, high depression symptoms were not associated with an increase in nightmare frequency when adjusted for trait-anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cancer-related cognitive impairment involves changes in cognitive domains among people diagnosed with cancer. This review aimed to explore and synthesize the experiences of women with breast cancer disclosing cancer-related cognitive impairment symptoms to health professionals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-synthesis was conducted to generate synthesized findings from existing literature. Six databases were searched from inception until mid-October 2022, with eligible studies appraised using the QualSyst Quality Assessment Checklist. Results: Three synthesized findings were generated from eight included studies. Findings highlight that women initiated conversations disclosing symptoms and frequently experienced dismissal or minimization from health professionals. Women rarely received information about cognitive impairment symptoms before treatment. Women reported that health professionals could be more involved in managing cognitive impairment symptoms. Conclusion: This meta-synthesis highlights the importance of health professionals providing information before treatment and following up on cognitive impairment symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of universal fetal echocardiogram for patients with pregestational diabetes mellitus by first-trimester hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) level. METHODS: We developed a cost-effectiveness model comparing two strategies of screening for critical fetal congenital heart disease among patients with diabetes: universal fetal echocardiogram and fetal echocardiogram only after abnormal findings on detailed anatomy ultrasonogram. We excluded ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defects, and bicuspid aortic valve from the definition of critical fetal congenital heart disease. Probabilities and costs were derived from the literature. We used individual models to evaluate different scenarios: first-trimester Hb A1c lower than 6.5%, Hb A1c 6.5-9.0%, and Hb A1c higher than 9.0%. Primary outcomes included fetal death, neonatal death, and false-positive and false-negative results. A cost-effectiveness threshold was set at $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Univariable sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the drivers of the model. RESULTS: Universal fetal echocardiogram is not cost effective except for when first-trimester Hb A1c level is higher than 9.0% (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $638,100, $223,693, and $67,697 for Hb A1c lower than 6.5%, 6.5-9.0%, and higher than 9.0%, respectively). The models are sensitive to changes in the probability of congenital heart disease at a given Hb A1c level, as well as the cost of neonatal transfer to a higher level of care. Universal fetal echocardiogram became both cost saving and more effective when the probability of congenital heart disease reached 14.48% (15.4 times the baseline risk). In the Monte Carlo simulation, universal fetal echocardiogram is cost effective in 22.7%, 48.6%, and 62.3% of scenarios for each of the three models, respectively. CONCLUSION: For pregnant patients with firsttrimester Hb A1c levels lower than 6.5%, universal fetal echocardiogram was not cost effective, whereas, for those with first-trimester Hb A1c levels higher than 9.0%, universal fetal echocardiogram was cost effective. For those with intermediate Hb A1c levels, universal fetal echocardiogram was cost effective in about 50% of cases; therefore, clinical judgment based on individual patient values, willingness to pay to detect congenital heart disease, and resource availability needs to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Evidence has emerged on the health dangers of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among pregnant women and neonates. We examined whether rural residence is a risk factor for smoking and e-cigarette use among women during the peripartum period in the United States. Methods: This study was based on pooled cross-sectional 2015-2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The outcome was exclusive smoking, exclusive e-cigarette use, and use of both products (ie, dual use) versus use of neither tobacco product by women with live infants aged 2 to 6 months. We examined rural–urban differences in outcome by using univariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regressions with post hoc contrasts and marginal analyses, adjusting for complex survey design and nonresponse. Results: During the peripartum period, 5.0% of women were smoking combustible cigarettes, 5.0% were using e-cigarettes, and 1.9% were using both tobacco products. The crude prevalence of e-cigarette use was 1.1 percentage point higher, and the adjusted prevalence was 0.8 percentage points lower for rural versus urban women (P <.001 for both). Among rural women, 6.7% (95% CI, 6.3%-7.1%) smoked combustible cigarettes exclusively and 2.6% (95% CI, 2.3%-2.8%) used both products, as compared with 4.5% (95% CI, 4.4%-4.8%) and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.6%-1.8%) of urban women, respectively, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Conclusions: Maternal sociodemographic and health-related characteristics differed by combustible smoking versus e-cigarette use during the peripartum period. The effect of residence on e-cigarette use was significantly confounded by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, resulting in clinically comparable prevalence of e-cigarette use in rural and urban mothers with live infants aged 2 to 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to present the bio‐restorative approach in implant dentistry, which combines biological and restorative concepts through digital planning. This concept combines periodontal, surgical, and prosthetic variables, aiming to reduce patient morbidity while achieving satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes in implant‐supported restorations in the long term. Overview: Implant dentistry evolved from a primarily surgical to a recent prosthetically driven approach. This evolution was partly due to advancements in bone reconstructive techniques and an increased demand for esthetic outcomes. Recently, digital planning has introduced a new paradigm that allows for the full integration of both approaches. The bio‐restorative concept considers functional, esthetic, and biological variables in a virtual planning environment. This is achieved through the simultaneous digital assessment of (A) anatomical site characteristics and (B) implant restorative variables. These variables include digital tooth arrangement, soft–hard tissue conditions, implant variables, supra‐platform components, and a surgical plan that respects or modifies peri‐implant phenotype. Conclusions: The bio‐restorative concept is intended to improve contemporary implant dentistry by integrating updated biological and prosthetic notions through digital planning. Adopting this paradigm has the potential to redefine the standards in implant dentistry, fostering a holistic and patient‐centered approach. Clinical Considerations: It enhances patient and clinician satisfaction through more efficient and less invasive procedures. Significantly, it improves predictability, leading to successful implant‐supported restorations in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines two speculative examinations of humanity as a unified species and agent of ecological change: Ursula K. Le Guin's Hainish Cycle and the rights of nature movement. Le Guin's Cycle imagines the slow interplanetary reintegration of human polities against a backdrop of cultural and environmental difference. I read the novels of the Cycle as an allegory for the rights of nature movement, which seeks to synthesize traditional and modern knowledge in a legal solution to ecological crisis. Both discourses, I argue, productively imagine a new historical understanding of humanity's place on Earth, but they provide a weak theory of law's capacity to initiate and institutionalize this new understanding. In place of a static theory of history and legal revolution, I propose a dynamic view of how narrative projects like the rights of nature contribute to cultural and political change. This comparative reading shows the utility of speculation in law and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information on the treatment of pharyngeal pouches, which are herniations of the pharyngeal mucosa that can cause swallowing difficulties and regurgitation. The study suggests that patients should be offered both endoscopic and open approaches to manage these pouches, and that performing either approach under one general anesthesia is a practice that surgeons should consider. The study found that the recurrence rates were 15% for endoscopic procedures, 5.9% for open procedures, and 11.7% overall. The document also emphasizes the importance of informed consent and the duty of doctors to discuss all treatment options with patients. It concludes that pharyngeal pouches should be treated in centers with expertise in both open and endoscopic approaches. [Extracted from the article]

This paper provides a detailed historical review of the cavity flow phenomena in fluid mechanics, from recorded studies in the late 19th century to more recent work. Research has been reviewed, independently and in culmination with other studies, to summarise the major and minor governing parameters of the flow. Outlined are influences of technology, regarding numerical models, experimental methods, analysis, and control techniques. All Mach regimes are assessed; low incompressible, sub-, trans-, super- and hypersonic where substantial research was available. A large variety of cavity geometry was presented, mostly rectangular, with more complex features akin to industry application, and where available, assessment of the boundary layer structure is also included. Conclusions on present understanding, and requirements for future work are given, with an aligned set of available data. Cavity flow-field initialisation and development is dependent on; upstream (U/S) flow conditions of; airspeed M ∞ , boundary layer (BL) disturbance (δ), displacement (δ ∗) and momentum (θ) thickness, either laminar or turbulent, and cavity geometry; length (L), depth (D) and width (W), with ratios L / D , L / W , δ / D and L / θ defining cavity response. I.e., a narrow cavity with a thin BL U/S tends toward a periodic 3D flow-field, with 3D effects and periodicity decreasing as W and δ increase. Control is achievable through SL stabilisation via spanwise disturbance from the leading edge (LE), or thickening the BL, thus shear layer (SL). Experiments are preferred over numerical models, due to the inefficiency and high cost of required models (Colonius, 2001; Rowley and Williams, 2006; Lawson and Barakos, 2011). We understand effects of L , D , L / D , and M ∞ , thus future work should focus on W , BL and how they impact mode switching and stream/spanwise flow propagation. Also introducing more complex geometry, realistic to application, to observe additional 3D effects and U/S momentum change, in contribution to a scaling parameter and determination of criteria for activation of material displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO‐2 and OCO‐3) provide measurements of column‐averaged carbon dioxide concentrations (XCO2) with sufficient spatial resolution and precision to constrain bottom‐up estimates of CO2 fluxes at regional scales. We use Bayesian inversion methods assimilating satellite retrievals to improve estimates of CO2 fluxes in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) which surrounds Los Angeles, and in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin (SFBA). We study 2020 to understand the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdowns and an active wildfire season. Our results indicated that a 50% (30%) reduction in CO2 emissions relative to 2015 during the COVID‐19 lockdown period was consistent with OCO measurements for SFBA (SoCAB). We find that posterior wildfire emissions differed significantly from the prior at the scale of individual wildfires, though with large uncertainties, and that wildfire emissions in SFBA are significant, attributing 72% of the region's CO2 emissions during August 2020 to wildfires. Plain Language Summary: Satellites can measure variations in carbon dioxide concentrations over urban areas. These measurements can be combined with models of the atmosphere to validate estimates of carbon dioxide emissions. We use this approach to better understand emissions in and around San Francisco and Los Angeles, the two major cities in California. We study the year 2020 to see how emissions changed in response to COVID‐19 lockdowns and to observe emissions from wildfires. The satellite measurements combined with the atmospheric model provide us with updated emission estimates that more closely match the measurements and provide greater certainty than our initial estimate of emissions. We also observe reduced emissions during lockdowns in both cities, updated emissions at the scale of individual wildfires, and large emissions from wildfires during peak wildfire season in the San Francisco Bay Area. Key Points: Satellite measurements can be used to validate emission inventories of CO2 within urban areas of CaliforniaChanges in CO2 emissions due to COVID‐19 lockdowns and wildfires in 2020 are captured by satellitesDuring August 2020, wildfires were responsible for 72% of CO2 emissions in the Bay Area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obituary of Dr. James Rankin highlights his significant contributions to the field of alcohol and other drugs over a career spanning 60+ years. Dr. Rankin's work focused on developing effective prevention and treatment services for individuals with alcohol and drug problems. His pioneering efforts included establishing the first clinic for alcohol-related problems in a large public hospital in Australia, conducting research, and advocating for evidence-based policies. Dr. Rankin's impact extended beyond Australia, as he also held key positions in Canada, contributing to clinical services, research, and policy development in the field. His legacy is honored through various awards, orations, and services named in his honor. [Extracted from the article]

Open‐shell materials bearing multiple spin centres provide a key route to efficient charge transport in single‐molecule electronic devices. They have narrow energy gaps, and their molecular orbitals align closely to the Fermi level of the metallic electrodes, thus allowing efficient electronic transport and higher conductance. Maintaining and stabilising multiple open‐shell states—especially in contact with metallic electrodes—is however very challenging, generally requiring a continuous chemical or electrochemical potential to avoid self‐immolation of the open‐shell character. To overcome this issue, we designed, synthesised, and measured the conductance of a series of bis(indeno) fused acenes, where stability is imparted by a close‐shell quinoidal conformation in resonance with the diradical electronic configuration. We show here that these compounds have anti‐ohmic behaviour, with conductance increasing with increasing molecular length, at an unprecedented rate and across the entire bias window (±1.3V ${\pm 1.3\ V}$). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support our findings, showing the rapidly narrowing HOMO–LUMO gap, unique to these diradicaloid structures, is responsible for the observed behaviour. Our results provide a framework for achieving efficient transport in neutral compounds and demonstrate the promise that diradicaloid materials have in single‐molecule electronics, owing to their great stability and unique electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the outcomes of a disability awareness programme aimed at rethinking concepts of special educational needs and disability (SEND) with children aged 8–9 years old. Designed specifically for this research study, the work was undertaken in a mainstream primary classroom in England. Although research has been undertaken in this area, it is limited and often focused on children's friendships. Drawing upon a disability studies in education lens, the study contributes to the literature through its use of interactive methods to elicit and deconstruct children's thinking. The findings suggest that many children continue to hold deficit perceptions about SEND, rooted in medical model perspectives. However, carefully designed programmes which enable children to consider first‐person experiences, and encourage the deconstruction of ableist discourses, can promote more flexible understanding and progressive attitudes towards SEND in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open‐shell materials bearing multiple spin centres provide a key route to efficient charge transport in single‐molecule electronic devices. They have narrow energy gaps, and their molecular orbitals align closely to the Fermi level of the metallic electrodes, thus allowing efficient electronic transport and higher conductance. Maintaining and stabilising multiple open‐shell states—especially in contact with metallic electrodes—is however very challenging, generally requiring a continuous chemical or electrochemical potential to avoid self‐immolation of the open‐shell character. To overcome this issue, we designed, synthesised, and measured the conductance of a series of bis(indeno) fused acenes, where stability is imparted by a close‐shell quinoidal conformation in resonance with the diradical electronic configuration. We show here that these compounds have anti‐ohmic behaviour, with conductance increasing with increasing molecular length, at an unprecedented rate and across the entire bias window (±1.3V ${\pm 1.3\ V}$). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support our findings, showing the rapidly narrowing HOMO–LUMO gap, unique to these diradicaloid structures, is responsible for the observed behaviour. Our results provide a framework for achieving efficient transport in neutral compounds and demonstrate the promise that diradicaloid materials have in single‐molecule electronics, owing to their great stability and unique electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of seeding projects in dryland systems is sporadic, with failure primarily driven by low seedling emergence and survival. This sporadic nature is influenced by a litany of biotic and abiotic factors that act in synergy to reduce recruitment success. These factors include erratic seasonal weather patterns, competition, predation, plant material selection, and restoration strategies. While some events are unpredictable and uncontrollable, others may be mitigated through thoughtful deliberation. Pathogenesis from soil‐ and seed‐borne fungi is one form of predation that can decrease restoration success. Fungicide seed coatings are technologies used in the agriculture industry to mitigate fungal pathogens, yet these technologies are novel to wildland seeding. We evaluated the ability of a fungicide seed coating to improve bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) recruitment across a broad range of sites and determined how soil and climate affected seed treatments across six sites over 650 linear kilometers of sagebrush‐steppe habitat in the Great Basin, United States. Treatment effects varied by site; however, on average, the fungicide treatment increased germination by 16%, emergence by 42%, and juvenile plant establishment by 60%. Fungicide seed treatments had a greater effect on seedling emergence in soils with lower pH, reduced wet‐thermal accumulation during the winter, lower bulk density, and higher organic matter content. Most notably, the fungicide seed treatment resulted in higher plant establishment when emerged seedlings were exposed to longer periods of available soil moisture. Fungicide seed treatments can improve the establishment of native bunchgrasses, when soil and climate regimes are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) is associated with negative outcomes. Pediatric TIC has been described most often in older children. Children undergo normal developmental hemostasis, but it is unknown how this process impacts the risk of TIC across childhood.To understand variations in coagulation testing and TIC across pediatric age groups.We evaluated testing patterns of coagulation studies at presentation and over the first 72 h of hospitalization by pediatric age group at a large, Level I trauma center, 2015–2020. The frequency of TIC was determined using published, age‐specific reference ranges and controlling for injury severity. We performed subgroup analyses of those with isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and those who presented directly from the scene of injury.Data from 2409 pediatric patients were available; 333 patients had isolated severe TBI. Children <1 year were least likely to be tested for TIC at presentation and over the first 72 h, even among the most injured. Fibrinogen testing was uncommon, regardless of injury severity. TIC was common: 22% of patients had TIC at presentation and 35% by 72 h. Greater injury severity was associated with TIC. Children 1–4 and 5–9 years had a higher frequency of TIC at presentation and over 72 h compared to older children in the least injured cohort. We saw no difference in frequency of TIC between age groups in the subset with isolated severe TBI. Using age‐specific criteria, patients most often met TIC criteria by INR/PT, followed by platelet count, and least commonly by aPTT. The presence of TIC was associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.06–8.17).Significant sampling bias exists in clinical data collection among injured children and adolescents. Contrary to previous reports and using age‐specific TIC criteria, younger children are not at lower risk of TIC than older children when controlling for injury severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catastrophic ramifications of fossil fuels on the environment have prompted the search for renewable energy sources. Over the recent decades, biodiesel has garnered attention as a promising direct alternative to diesel fuel; however, reliance on homogeneous catalysts and the requirement for refined vegetable oil feedstocks present financial and sustainability concerns. Thus, there exists a need for the development of sustainable and cost‐effective catalytic solutions. Herein, the application of lignin, an abundant and renewable biomass, as an effective heterogeneous catalyst is reported for biodiesel production via the esterification of oleic acid. Lignin is extracted from corn straw using sulfuric acid, which endows sulfonic acid groups (0.85 mmol g−1) to its structure allowing it to act as an acid catalyst without additional post‐treatments. Conversion of oleic oil to biodiesel is achieved at 97% using a 1:3 oleic acid to methanol molar ratio with a 5 wt.% catalyst loading at 90 °C after only 30 min. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits a remarkable turnover frequency of 2.61 min−1 proving its efficiency. These findings demonstrate that heterogeneous catalysts can be prepared from biomass waste offering a significantly cheaper and less intensive synthesis process and allowing for a paradigm shift to non‐edible and waste cooking oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people manage the dual roles of employment and providing unpaid care for an older relative. Although this is increasingly common, carers frequently observe that their caring role is undervalued. This lack of recognition and the adverse consequences that flow from it are of increasing interest to policymakers, advocacy bodies, and employers who have advanced legislative, policy, and workplace accreditation initiatives to enhance recognition of caring. However, the design and impact of these initiatives are constrained by the scarcity of research on carer recognition, its predictors, and its outcomes. Drawing on data from the Australian National Carer Survey, we utilise path analysis to test a conceptual model outlining how life experiences shape carer recognition and subsequent personal outcomes. Our findings provide support for the mediating role of carer recognition linking care-related disruptions in multiple domains (aged care services, employment, family) with carer outcomes (social connectedness, personal well-being, psychological distress, personal time alongside caring). Employees who experienced less disruption in aged care services, employment, and family domains reported higher carer recognition and better outcomes than employees with more disruptive experiences in each domain. The findings suggest new points of intervention to enhance carer perceptions of recognition, and in turn, carer outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf surface microbial communities play an important role in forest ecosystems and are known to be affected by environmental and host conditions, including diseases impacting the host. Phytophthora agathidicida is a soil-borne pathogen that causes severe disease (kauri dieback) in one of New Zealand's endemic trees, Agathis australis (kauri). This research characterised the microbial communities of the A. australis phyllosphere (i.e. leaf surface) using modern molecular techniques and explored the effects of P. agathidicida on those communities. Fresh leaves were collected from trees where P. agathidicida was and was not detected in the soil and characterisation of the leaf surface microbial community was carried out via high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S ribosomal RNA regions. Nutrients in leaf leachates were also measured to identify other possible drivers of microbial diversity. The dominant phyllosphere microbial phylum was Proteobacteria followed by Acidobacteria. The phyllosphere microbial richness of A. agathis associated with P. agathidicida-infected soils was found to be generally lower than where the pathogen was not detected for both prokaryote (bacterial) and fungal phyla. Leaf leachate pH as well as boron and silicon had significant associations with bacterial and fungal community structure. These findings contribute to the development of a comprehensive understanding of A. australis leaf surface microbial communities and the effects of the soil pathogen P. agathidicida on those communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversion of primate forest habitat is a global concern with significant implications for primate populations. Although the geospatial Extent of Occurrence (EOO) data provided for primates by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature are widely used, they do not accurately reflect the existing extent of primate species because of ongoing habitat loss. We focused on four capuchin monkey species (Sapajus apella, S. flavius, S, libidinosus, and S. xanthosternos), all native to North and Northeastern Brazil, to prioritize research by the Capuchin Action Network. We refined the EOOs for the four primate species using MapBiomas land cover data. We accounted for areas of agriculture, urban, and mining and updated the EOOs of the four species. Additionally, we evaluated the Conservation Units in each EOO. Conservation Units are protected areas critical to mitigating habitat loss in Brazil. Our results show that S. apella has lost the smallest amount of its EOO (13%), while S. flavius has lost the most (77%). Agriculture was the leading cause of land cover change, followed by urbanization and mining. We provide an updated EOO for the four capuchin species and highlight the need for conservation efforts to address the challenges posed by human activities in the capuchin species' habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to adversity or maltreatment is known to correlate with high-risk behaviors that can increase the risk of contact with the criminal justice system; however, few studies have focused on the role of trauma symptoms and other behaviors that may develop in response to exposure to adverse life events. We also know far less about the role of these experiences in young men compared to young women who have been in contact with the youth justice system. In this study, we examine the associations between different patterns of trauma symptomatology and adverse childhood experienced (ACEs), substance use, behavioral difficulties, and re-offending in a sample of 141 young men under the supervision of a Youth Justice (YJ) agency in Australia. Trauma symptoms were reported by over ninety percent of participants, with Latent Class Analysis used to identify four subgroups of young men based on their clustering of trauma symptomatology: internalizing, externalizing, high, and low trauma symptoms groups. The characteristics of young men across these groups were, however, remarkably similar. Over four-fifths scored in the clinical range for substance use and externalizing behavior problems, while recidivism was reported in over three-quarters of young men across all groups. These findings have implications for the development of trauma-informed responses by specialist adolescent mental health services as well as for adult forensic services that seek to understand the developmental origins of psychopathology and offending behavior. There appears to be a strong rationale for more compassionate and trauma-informed justice system practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, clinical trials, and workforce. It highlights the underrepresentation of women and non-White populations in clinical trials and research, emphasizing the need to address barriers and gaps in the MS workforce. The lack of diversity in clinical trials threatens the applicability of research findings, and addressing healthcare disparities and historical, cultural, and socioeconomic barriers to clinical trial enrollment is crucial. The article also stresses the importance of leveraging community partnerships, promoting workforce diversity, and addressing gender disparities in the neurology and MS workspace to improve the inclusivity and impact of MS research. [Extracted from the article]

Hibernating bats are often at risk from human disturbance, loss of suitable habitat due to climate change, or anthropogenic modification and disease. Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) is a species of special concern that is distributed across the western United States. In the winter, individuals hibernate mostly in caves, mines, and other cavern-like structures, many of which are under threat. The aim of this study is to use microsatellite and mitochondrial data to investigate the genetic structure of hibernacula in eastern California and western Nevada of C. t. townsendii, the westernmost subspecies of C. townsendii. We found that both types of molecular markers support a lack of population genetic structure among western hibernacula, similar to results from studies of maternity colonies in the study area. However, we did find population structure when we compared mitochondrial data from our study area to sequenced populations across the geographic range of the subspecies. Additionally, we found unique haplotypes in sampled hibernacula, suggesting some geographic restriction of genetic variation, which highlights the importance of maintaining and protecting roosts across the region to promote genetic diversity in C. t. townsendii. These results provide important baseline data that can aid understanding of how climate change, habitat loss, and disease can affect the genetic health of small, hibernating mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to excessive noise volumes is an occupational health and safety risk. Australian guidelines recommend a time weighted exposure maximum of 85 dB (dB) or a maximum peak noise level of up to 140 dB, as chronic and repeated high dB exposure can result in significant hearing impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the volume of noise generated by common surgical instruments while utilizing the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) app. Methods: Sound levels were measured using the NIOSH app. The NIOSH app was used to take equivalent continuous A‐weighted sound levels (LAeq) and the C‐weighted peak sound pressure (LCpeak) measurements for specific instruments while in use in theatre. A minimum of three readings per instrument were taken at immediate and working distances. Results: LAeq measurements ranged from 62.9 to 89.3 dB. The Padgett Dermatome and Frazier Sucker exceeded recommended exposure limits with an averaged LAeq reading of 85.7 dB(A) and 85.1 dB(A) respectively. LCpeak readings ranged from 89.9 to 114.7 dB(C) with none of the instruments exceeding a peak sound level beyond the recommended level of 140 dB(C). Conclusion: The cumulative effect of loud surgical instruments across prolonged or combined operations may result in theatre staff being exposed to hazardous noise levels, impacting the health and wellbeing of staff, staff performance and patient care. Utilization of a phone app can improve the awareness of noise pollution in theatres, thereby empowering staff to be proactive about their health and improvement of their work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the qualitative evidence on the role of critical care nurses in rapid response teams. Design: Qualitative systematic review. Methods: This qualitative systematic review employed Bettany‐Saltikov and McSherry's guidelines and is reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research checklist. Two pairs of blinded researchers screened the articles. The data were synthesised using a thematic analysis approach. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted using the CINAHL, Embase and MEDLINE databases. Results: Seven studies were included, and three main roles were identified: (1) balancing between confidence and fear in clinical encounters, (2) facilitating collaboration and (3) managing challenging power dynamics in decision‐making. Conclusion: Critical care nurses possess extensive knowledge and skills in providing critical care to patients experiencing deterioration on general wards. They play a vital role in facilitating collaboration between team members and ward staff. Furthermore, within the rapid response team, critical care nurses assume leadership responsibilities by overseeing the comprehensive coordination of patient care and actively engaging in the decision‐making process concerning patient care. Implications for the Profession: Highlighting the central role of critical care nurses in rapid response teams as well such a team's benefits in healthcare organisations can promote applications for funding to support further quality assurance of rapid response teams and thus enhance patient safety. Impact: Health care organisations can assure the quality of rapid response team by providing economical resources and training. The education providers should facilitate and standardise curriculum for critical care nursing students to achieve necessary knowledge and skills as members in rapid response teams. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectives: The purpose is to examine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), protective factors, and select maladaptive coping behaviors in postsecondary students. Participants: Undergraduate students attending Dalhousie University. Methods: An online anonymous survey was conducted. Zero order one-tailed correlations were computed to measure relationships between ACEs, levels of maladaptive coping behaviors and protective factors. A structural equation mediation model examined direct and indirect pathways between measures. Results: 42.5% of respondents (n = 327) reported ≥3ACEs. Higher ACEs were associated with higher expression of maladaptive coping behaviors. Respondents with high ACEs and low levels of protective factors reported lower levels of hope and forgiveness and higher levels of stress and rumination. Conclusion: Higher levels of protective factors were associated with lower levels of maladaptive coping behaviors in students with high ACEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a community of eight aspiring Parse scholars presents experiences with a scholarly investigation using Parse's humanbecoming concept inventing model to discover the meaning of the nursing phenomenon hope as a universal humanuniverse living experience. The now-truth of the universal humanuniverse living experience hope surfaced as envisioning possibilities with sureness-unsureness arising with opportunities-restrictions. The ingenuous proclamation of hope, together with the aspiring Parse scholars' chosen artform, is declared as a theoretical statement at the level of the humanbecoming paradigm is imaging the originating of enabling-limiting. The contributions of aspiring Parse scholars offer opportunities to advance nursing knowledge of the universal humanuniverse living experience hope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs), including lists of Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN), outline state strategies for protecting species and habitats in the United States. In developing the current, second revision SWAPs, states are increasingly pursuing coordinated landscape conservation approaches. Analyzing SGCN lists in the first revision SWAPs, we found evidence that they already support multistate conservation. Most states address a common set of vertebrate and invertebrate groups, include most of the imperiled species from these groups, do not prioritize endemics over non‐endemics, and often include most imperiled species that are shared with neighboring states. Also, a regional SGCN coordination effort was successful. Although 65% of animals on each SGCN list were assessed as at elevated risk of extirpation by state authorities, only 43% of the combined national list were at elevated risk of global extinction. Over 40% of the combined animal SGCNs are considered globally apparently secure. Plants, snails, freshwater shrimps, and freshwater insects were poorly represented in SGCN lists. For the current SWAP revisions, we recommend improving foundational data on taxonomy, range‐wide distribution, and conservation status; expanded taxonomic coverage in SGCN lists; supporting existing and establishing new interstate initiatives; and diversifying funding mechanisms that target regional cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of Australian higher education, Open Educational Practice (OEP) requires a collective response from researchers and practitioners to instantiate novel, sustainable, scalable, and evidence-informed educational practices. This article outlines practice-led research's (PLR) role in educational research in open education and its potential to drive transformation and knowledge creation for practice in and through practice itself. As a creative arts methodology, PLR foregrounds practice as the locus of research activities. Practice-led researchers are deeply embedded in the research process, and knowledge production occurs through the generation of artefacts, processes, and techniques. With a focus on real-time making and research, PLR promotes a culture of knowledge production through the active 'doing' of practice within a process-oriented framework. In this paper, OEP is reframed as a creative project, and PLR, with its stress on researcher/practitioner reflexivity, becomes a methodology capable of fostering open educational practices in becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to identify and integrate findings where adults with fibromyalgia discussed how they managed their pain, and their perceptions of prescribed treatments from healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cinahl Plus databases. The GRADE-CERQual framework was used to evaluate the findings confidence. The findings were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: A total of 35 studies (N = 728) were included. The confidence in the findings ranged from high to low confidence. Patients with fibromyalgia often do not benefit from seeking medical attention due to provider stigma, and have varying views on medication effectiveness commonly reporting feeling like "walking chemists." They find mixed effects from exercise, and consider psychological support essential, although the benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy were controversial. Combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with physical exercise appears more effective, while natural and complementary therapies have short-term benefits and high costs. Conclusions: Pain management is a source for frustration and an unmet need for patients with fibromyalgia. The current findings provide crucial insight for providers and researchers; and support the need for fibromyalgia phenotyping and precision medicine approaches to pain management. Implications for Rehabilitation: Chronic widespread pain is the defining feature of fibromyalgia, yet pain reduction is often an unmet need for these individuals. The lack of effective treatments resulting in long-term relief proves frustrating for patients and healthcare providers. Rehabilitation professional should consider the unique insight into this complex, heterogeneous condition that this qualitative synthesis provides to better understand their patient's perspective on pain management. Given the differing perspectives on pain treatment approaches individuals with fibromyalgia report, providers should discuss with each patient their current strategies and take a patient-centered, individualized approach to form an effective treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk-needs assessments (RNAs) assist correctional staff in assigning supervision and programming. While gender is a well-known predictor of crime, for decades contemporary RNAs have claimed "gender-neutrality" or risk prediction equality for males and females. Unfortunately, females are frequently overclassified, relegated to a category higher than their risks indicate. Using ridge and mixed effects regression methods, we sought to enhance the predictive accuracy of the Modified Positive Achievement Change Tool (MPACT) comparing three common assessment development methods via a 10-state sample of youth (N = 241,596) across multiple justice settings. Findings demonstrated recidivism rates vary substantially by gender and bias/overclassification is likely for assessments using a "gender-neutral" approach. Tools that oversample females, or attempt "equally weighting," have similar issues. However, "gender-specific" methods create prediction parity, rooting out overclassification. Study takeaways include the need to evaluate tools for overclassification, methods of eliminating gender bias, while achieving strong predictive validity in development of the MPACT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CSANZ/RANZCR Position Statement on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) is intended to support and foster the provision of quality, safe CMRI services in Australia and New Zealand. This document specifically pertains to CMRI in adults, as distinct from general vascular MRI or paediatric imaging, and provides certification and recertification requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although ultrasound (US) guidance for vascular access has been widely adopted, its use for transradial access (TRA) in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory is rare. There is a perception that US guidance does not offer a clinically relevant benefit over traditional palpation-guided TRA, amplified by inconsistent findings of individual studies. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library identified studies comparing US to palpation-guided TRA for cardiac catheterisation. Studies evaluating radial artery (RA) cannulation for any other reason were excluded. Event rates and risk ratios (RRs) were pooled for meta-analysis. Access failure was the primary outcome. A random-effects model was used for analysis. Of the 977 records screened, four studies with a total of 1,718 patients (861 US-guided and 864 palpation-guided procedures) were included in the meta-analysis. Most procedures were elective. The pooled analysis showed US guidance significantly lowered the risk of access failure (RR 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.97; p=0.04). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2=51.2%; p=0.105). There was a strong trend to improved first-pass success with US (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00–1.66; p=0.05; I2=83.8%), although no differences were found in rates of difficult access (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.07–1.18; p=0.09; I2=88.3%). Salvage US guidance was successful in 30/41 (73.2%) patients following failed palpation-guided TRA. No differences were found in already low complication rates including RA spasm (RR 1.18; 95% CI 0.70–1.99; p=0.53; I2=0.0%) and bleeding (RR 1.32; 95% CI 0.46–3.80; p=0.60; I2=0.0%). US guidance was found to improve TRA success in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether routine, selective, or salvage use of US confers the most RA protection, patient satisfaction, and overall clinical benefit. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022332238). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A focus of sea turtle management has been reducing bycatch in commercial fisheries, but sustainable harvest for consumption is also an important objective in many nations. Identifying how much different fisheries contribute to turtle mortality could help focus limited management resources. We estimated national scale turtle catches for two fisheries in the Solomon Islands: a small‐scale reef fishery where turtles are caught for food and sale, and an offshore longline fishery where turtles are bycatch. The footprint of the longline fishery spanned the entire exclusive economic zone of the Solomon Islands and was 67 times bigger than the footprint of the small‐scale fishery. The median catch summed across both fisheries was ∼12,000 turtles in 2018, with 85%–97% of that catch in the small‐scale fishery. We suggest that turtle management in the Solomon Islands, a nation with globally significant turtle breeding populations, should focus on sustainable management of small‐scale coastal fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOne of the best ways for archives to maintain operations and support learning and scholarly research is to actively raise awareness of the treasures they preserve and make accessible to all. By collaborating with other GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) institutions to exhibit visually compelling materials, archives and special collections can expand services and benefits to their communities and institutions, locally and nationally. This article describes how Southern Illinois University Carbondale exhibited ground-breaking art in the Caresse Crosby Papers to amplify the contributions of African American and other diverse artists to the development of modern art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a profession committed to social change, social workers must engage in practices that encourage clients and communities to reflect on oppressive conditions to later envision and create new equitable and inclusive possibilities. Applied theatre, such as theatre of the oppressed, is an interactive theatrical approach that engages in ‘world-building’ across space, time, issues, and emotions. The embodied nature of applied theatre allows social workers, clients, and communities to imagine, dream, and practise new possibilities for social change. This paper offers a review of existing literature on applied theatre and theatre of the oppressed that promotes social justice and liberation in social work education and practice in the United States and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective transitions of patients from Secondary Care Services (SCSs) to primary care are necessary for optimization of resources and care. Factors that enable or restrict smooth transitions of individuals with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) to primary care from SCSs have not been comprehensively synthesized. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to answer the questions (1) "What are the barriers and facilitators to discharge from SCSs to primary care for adults with SMI?" and (2) "What programs have been developed to support these transitions?". Results: Barriers and facilitators of discharge included patient-, primary care capacity-, and transition Process/Support-related factors. Patient-related barriers and facilitators were most frequently reported. 11 discharge programs were reported across the evidence sources. The most frequently reported program components were the provision of additional mental health supports for the transition and development of care plans with relapse signatures and intervention plans. Conclusions: Established discharge programs should be comprehensively evaluated to determine their relative benefits. Furthermore, research should be expanded to evaluate barriers and facilitators to discharge and discharge programs in different national contexts and models of care. Trial Registration: The protocol for this scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NBTMZ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data requires a rigorous distinction between technical noise and biological variation. In this work, we propose a simple feature selection model, termed "Differentially Distributed Genes" or DDGs, where a binomial sampling process for each mRNA species produces a null model of technical variation. Using scRNA-seq data where cell identities have been established a priori, we find that the DDG model of biological variation outperforms existing methods. We demonstrate that DDGs distinguish a validated set of real biologically varying genes, minimize neighborhood distortion, and enable accurate partitioning of cells into their established cell-type groups. Author summary: Single-cell omics technologies measure tens of thousands of genes in up to millions of individual cells. Yet, the sheer dimensionality of the data poses a challenge to its intelligibility. A typical first step in reducing the dimensionality is to apply a feature selection model that distinguishes real biological signals from technical noise. Yet without an appropriate model of technical noise, feature selection can introduce bias into the downstream analysis of the data. In this work, we demonstrate that, in the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, the standard approach of finding Highly Variable Genes (HVGs) induces severe distortion and bias into the analysis of data, when compared to true biological variation that is known a priori. To address this issue, we present a new feature selection model and demonstrate that our model outperforms existing methods in its ability to accurately identify real biological variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout our lifetime the heart executes cycles of contraction and relaxation to meet the body's ever‐changing metabolic needs. This vital function is continuously regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovascular dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation are also closely associated; however, the degrees of cause and effect are not always readily discernible. Thus, to better understand cardiovascular disorders, it is crucial to develop model systems that can be used to study the neurocardiac interaction in healthy and diseased states. Human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology offers a unique human‐based modelling system that allows for studies of disease effects on the cells of the heart and autonomic neurons as well as of their interaction. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the embryonic development of the autonomic, cardiac and neurocardiac systems, their regulation, as well as recent progress of in vitro modelling systems based on hiPSCs. We further discuss the advantages and limitations of hiPSC‐based models in neurocardiac research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Current data suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) emerged from an animal source. However, to date, there is insufficient scientific evidence to identify the source of SARS‐CoV‐2 or to explain the original route of transmission to humans. A wide range of mammalian species have been shown to be susceptible to the virus through experimental infection, and in natural environments when in contact with infected humans. The main objective of this work was to provide a summary of the official data shared by countries on SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals with the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), to highlight the role of WOAH as an international organization in coordinating scientific information actions and to discuss the implications and impact of these activities. Methods and Results: Between January 2020 and December 2022, 36 countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa officially reported SARS‐CoV‐2 identification in 26 animal species. Affected countries were generally responsive in confirming the pathogen (median of 5 days after onset) and reporting to WOAH (median of 7 days after confirmation). Conclusions: During the pandemic, WOAH, supported by its network of experts, played a crucial role in collecting, analysing and disseminating veterinary scientific information, acting as the reference organization on these issues, thus avoiding misinformation and disinformation. Future perspectives to avoid new emerging threats are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how Black authors pushed back on white definitions of home that excluded Black residents of kitchenette housing. By performing a close textual analysis of Gwendolyn Brooks's Maud Martha (1953) and Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun (1959), the article examines how these works use the abject space and positionality of the kitchenette and its residents to challenge the signification of home and the stigmatization by those who would always see Black lives as wanting. Ultimately, Brooks and Hansberry depict characters who refuse to capitulate to discursive confinement and instead trouble sociopolitical norms and structures and propose new ways of knowing and being to find agency and joy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]