Search

Denmark has a long-term objective of being free of fossil fuels by 2050, with the energy supply mix for buildings being fossil-free by 2035. Energy consumption for existing buildings needs to be decreased concurrent with the conversion from fossil-fuel supply to renewable-energy (RE) supply. When end-use savings are implemented in buildings concurrent with the application of low-temperature district heating (LTDH), the heat profiles of the buildings will change. Reducing peak loads is important, since this is the dimensioning foundation for future district heating systems. To avoid oversized RE-based capacity, a long-term perspective needs to be taken. Applying LTDH in existing buildings without changing the heating system implies reduced radiator performance, so it is of great importance that acceptable comfort temperatures can still be provided. The results indicate that it is possible to apply LTDH most of the year without compromising on thermal comfort if energy renovation is also implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In heritage buildings with solid masonry walls, where external insulation is not an option, insulating internally is an alternative way to improve indoor climate and reduce energy consumption and heat loss through external walls. This study presents results from hygrothermal measurements performed in four different buildings in Denmark where internal insulation has been installed. The buildings are all heritage buildings from 1877–1932 and of solid masonry walls. The insulated façades differ in orientation, surface treatments, location, and insulation system. The insulation materials used are phenolic foam and polyurethane (PUR) foam, with calcium silicate channels in a grid of 40 × 40 mm. Measurement results and hygrothermal assessments indicate that a vapour barrier does not contribute positively to the performance of the system and the more vapour open, the better performance on solid masonry. However, the performance is highly dependent on other parameters like insulation thickness and surface treatment, and above all: the external hygrothermal loads. Therefore, before the application of internal insulation, every case should be carefully assessed in order to find the most suitable solution with regards to both thermal and hygrothermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]