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Recent years have seen growing interest in post-processing cosmological simulations with radiative transfer codes to predict observable fluxes for simulated galaxies. However, this can be slow, and requires a number of assumptions in cases where simulations do not resolve the interstellar medium (ISM). Zoom-in simulations better resolve the detailed structure of the ISM and the geometry of stars and gas; however, statistics are limited due to the computational cost of simulating even a single halo. In this paper, we make use of a set of high-resolution, cosmological zoom-in simulations of massive (⁠|$M_{\star }\gtrsim 10^{10.5}\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$| at z = 2), star-forming galaxies from the FIRE suite. We run the skirt radiative transfer code on hundreds of snapshots in the redshift range 1.5 < z < 5 and calibrate a power-law scaling relation between dust mass, star formation rate, and |$870\, \mu \rm {m}$| flux density. The derived scaling relation shows encouraging consistency with observational results from the sub-millimetre-selected AS2UDS sample. We extend this to other wavelengths, deriving scaling relations between dust mass, stellar mass, star formation rate, and redshift and sub-millimetre flux density at observed-frame wavelengths between |$\sim \! 340$| and |$\sim \! 870\, \mu \rm {m}$|⁠. We then apply the scaling relations to galaxies drawn from EAGLE, a large box cosmological simulation. We show that the scaling relations predict EAGLE sub-millimetre number counts that agree well with previous results that were derived using far more computationally expensive radiative transfer techniques. Our scaling relations can be applied to other simulations and semi-analytical or semi-empirical models to generate robust and fast predictions for sub-millimetre number counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first detailed study of the spatially resolved dust continuum emission of simulated galaxies at 1 <  z  < 5. We run the radiative transfer code skirt on a sample of submillimetre-bright galaxies drawn from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. These simulated galaxies reach Milky Way masses by z  = 2. Our modelling provides predictions for the full rest-frame far-ultraviolet-to-far-infrared spectral energy distributions of these simulated galaxies, as well as 25-pc resolution maps of their emission across the wavelength spectrum. The derived morphologies are notably different in different wavebands, with the same galaxy often appearing clumpy and extended in the far-ultraviolet yet an ordered spiral at far-infrared wavelengths. The observed-frame 870- |$\mu$| m half-light radii of our FIRE-2 galaxies are |${\sim} 0.5\rm {-}4\, \rm {kpc}$|⁠ , consistent with existing ALMA observations of galaxies with similarly high redshifts and stellar masses. In both simulated and observed galaxies, the dust continuum emission is generally more compact than the cold gas and the dust mass, but more extended than the stellar component. The most extreme cases of compact dust emission seem to be driven by particularly compact recent star formation, which generates steep dust temperature gradients. Our results confirm that the spatial extent of the dust continuum emission is sensitive to both the dust mass and star formation rate distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Laboratory investigations for bleeding disorders are warranted when an individual has a personal and/or family history of bleeding, and/or laboratory findings that suggest the possibility of an inherited or acquired bleeding disorder. Methods: This review summarizes author's experience with ordering and reporting on diagnostic investigations for common and rare bleeding disorders, with consideration of recent articles on diagnosing bleeding disorders. An updated strategy is presented for investigating common and rare, congenital and acquired bleeding disorders. Results: An investigation of a suspected bleeding disorder requires a practical strategy that considers the clinical problem to be investigated, the pretest probability of true‐positive and false‐positive findings, the investigations can be performed locally or in a reference laboratory and limit the number of blood samples required to establish a diagnosis. It is often advantageous to simultaneously test for von Willebrand disease and platelet function disorders, and for coagulation defects, including fibrinogen disorders. An investigation for rarer bleeding disorders, including those affecting factor XIII, α2 antiplasmin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, is appropriate when faced with a severe congenital or acquired bleeding problem that cannot be explained by the initial diagnostic investigations. Conclusion: An organized strategy for investigating bleeding disorders that consider important issues, confirms abnormal findings, encourages proper interpretation of the results, and provides a helpful framework for assessing both common and rare causes of bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most luminous star-forming galaxies in the Universe; however, their properties remain hard to determine due to the difficulty of identifying their optical/near-infrared counterparts. One of the key steps to determining the nature of SMGs is measuring a redshift distribution representative of the whole population. We do this by applying statistical techniques to a sample of 761 850 μm sources from the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 Cosmology Legacy Survey observations of the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) field. We detect excess galaxies around >98.4 per cent of the 850 μm positions in the deep UDS catalogue, giving us the first 850 μm selected sample to have virtually complete optical/near-infrared redshift information. Under the reasonable assumption that the redshifts of the excess galaxies are representative of the SMGs themselves, we derive a median SMG redshift of z = 2.05 ± 0.03, with 68 per cent of SMGs residing between 1.07 < z < 3.06. We find an average of 1.52 ± 0.09 excess K-band galaxies within 12 arcsec of an 850 μm position, with an average stellar mass of 2.2 ± 0.1 × 1010 M⊙. Whilst the vast majority of excess galaxies are star forming, 8.0 ± 2.1 per cent have passive rest-frame colours and are therefore unlikely to be detected at submillimetre wavelengths even in deep interferometry. We show that brighter SMGs lie at higher redshifts, and use our SMG redshift distribution - along with the assumption of a universal far-infrared Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) - to estimate that SMGs contribute around 30 per cent of the cosmic star formation rate density between 0.5 < z < 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CorWave LVAD employs a novel wave membrane technology to generate low shear blood propulsion, synchronized to the native left ventricle. Here, we report the results of preclinical testing of hemodynamics, hemocompatibility, and durability for the CorWave LVAD. The pump motor, membrane, blood flow path, magnetics, and mechanical components were designed using extensive computational simulations, then rigorously tested. Durability was tested at the material, component, pump, and system level with both real-time and, when feasible, accelerated fatigue tests. Hemocompatibility was assessed in vitro and in acute (<6 hr) and chronic (up to 90 day) implants in sheep, including "thrombo-provocative" tests in which anticoagulation was reversed 10 mins after pump implant and pump output was intentionally kept to 1-3 LPM. An adaptive algorithm to automatically adjust to changes in hemodynamics was developed and tested with In vitro mock circulation loops (MCLs), acute implants in sheep with induced heart failure or RV-bypass, and chronic implants in healthy sheep. These studies were used to evaluate and improve the pump algorithm for synchronization with the LV, arrhythmia detection, suction detection and response, and responses to hemodynamic changes. Material testing and simulations predict multi-decade durability of the wave membrane. Multiple prototype pumps have completed 2-year durability tests. 12 life cycle test stands have been built and validated to commence multi-year, real-time durability testing of the clinical version of the LVAD, currently in production. Hemodynamic testing demonstrated successful LV synchronization to 95% of the native LV contractions, while the algorithm successfully detected arrhythmias, suction events, heart rate changes, and after-load changes. Responses to suction events and changes in pre-load have been revised and are undergoing confirmatory testing. Low hemolysis and preservation of von Willebrand factor activity were demonstrated in chronic implants. Thrombo-provocative studies demonstrated successful design modifications to eliminate thrombus on vulnerable pump surfaces. The CorWave LVAD has undergone extensive design efforts and a comprehensive pre-clinical test regime to establish the clinical design will have the required durability, hemocompatibility, and adaptability to commence clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genes encoding the coagulation factors were characterized over two decades ago. Since then, significant progress has been made in the genetic diagnosis of the two commonest severe inherited bleeding disorders, haemophilia A and B. Experience with the genetic of inherited rare bleeding disorders and platelet disorders is less well advanced. Rare bleeding disorders are usually inherited as autosomal recessive disorders, while it is now clear that a number of the more common platelet function disorders are inherited as autosomal dominant traits. In both cases, DNA sequencing has been useful since most of these disorders are due to mutations located at the coding regions or splice sites of genes encoding the abnormal protein. However, in 5-10% of patients affected with severe clotting factor deficiencies, no genetic defect can be identified and until recently, the genetic characterization of inherited platelet disorders had been confined to the more prevalent conditions such as Glanzmann disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. In patients with no gene mutations identified, so far, the role of next-generation sequencing as well as of other new genomic technologies will very likely have increasing importance. However, such methods require extensive bioinformatics analysis that, in turn will require critical revision of our current diagnostic infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Given the importance of evidence-based guidelines in health care, we surveyed the laboratory hematology community to determine their opinions on guideline development and their experience and interest in developing clinical hematology laboratory practice guidelines. Methods The study was conducted using an online survey, distributed to members of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology ( ISLH) in 2015, with analysis of collected, anonymized responses. Results A total of 245 individuals participated. Most worked in clinical and/or research laboratories (83%) or industry (11%). 42% felt there were gaps in current guidelines. The majority (58%) recommended that ISLH engages its membership in guideline development. Participants differed in their familiarity with, and use of, different organizations' guidelines. Participants felt it was important to follow best practice recommendations on guideline development, including engagement of experts, statement about conflict of interests and how they were managed, systematic review and grading evidence for recommendations, identifying recommendations lacking evidence or consensus, and public input and peer review of the guideline. Moreover, it was considered important to provide guidelines free of charge. Industry involvement in guidelines was considered less important. Conclusions The clinical laboratory hematology community has high expectations of laboratory practice guidelines that are consistent with recent recommendations on evidence-based guideline development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Practice guidelines provide helpful support for clinical laboratories. Our goal was to assemble an inventory of publically listed guidelines on hematology laboratory topics, to create a resource for laboratories and for assessing gaps in practice-focused guidelines. Methods PubMed and website searches were conducted to assemble an inventory of hematology laboratory-focused guidelines. Exclusions included annual, technical, or collaborative study reports, clinically focused guidelines, position papers, nomenclature, and calibration documents. Results Sixty-eight guidelines were identified on hematology laboratory practice topics from 12 organizations, some as joint guidelines. The median year of publication was 2010 and 15% were >10 years old. Coagulation topics had the largest numbers of guidelines, whereas some areas of practice had few guidelines. A minority of guidelines showed evidence of periodic updates, as some organizations did not remove or identify outdated guidelines. Conclusions This inventory of current practice guidelines will encourage awareness and uptake of guideline recommendations by the worldwide hematology laboratory community, with the International Society for Laboratory Hematology facilitating ongoing updates. There is a need to encourage best guideline development practices, to ensure that hematology laboratory community has current, high-quality, and evidence-based practice guidelines that cover the full scope of hematology laboratory practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnostic tests for von Willebrand disease ( VWD) are important for the assessment of VWD, which is a commonly encountered bleeding disorder worldwide. Technical innovations have been applied to improve the precision and lower limit of detection of von Willebrand factor ( VWF) assays, including the ristocetin cofactor activity assay ( VWF: RCo) that uses the antibiotic ristocetin to induce plasma VWF binding to glycoprotein ( GP) Ib IXV on target platelets. VWF-collagen-binding assays, depending on the type of collagen used, can improve the detection of forms of VWD with high molecular weight VWF multimer loss, although the best method is debatable. A number of innovations have been applied to VWF: RCo (which is commonly performed on an aggregometer), including replacing the target platelets with immobilized GPIbα, and quantification by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA), immunoturbidimetric, or chemiluminescent end-point. Some common polymorphisms in the VWF gene that do not cause bleeding are associated with falsely low VWF activity by ristocetin-dependent methods. To overcome the need for ristocetin, some new VWF activity assays use gain-of-function GPIbα mutants that bind VWF without the need for ristocetin, with an improved precision and lower limit of detection than measuring VWF: RCo by aggregometry. ELISA of VWF binding to mutated GPIbα shows promise as a method to identify gain-of-function defects from type 2B VWD. The performance characteristics of many new VWF activity assays suggest that the detection of VWD, and monitoring of VWD therapy, by clinical laboratories could be improved through adopting newer generation VWF assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimally invasive left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation via left thoracotomy has previously been shown to be a safe operation with potential advantages compared to sternotomy. These advantages include improved inflow cannula positioning as well as minimising adhesions for subsequent sternal entry for heart transplantation. We wanted to assess the impact of LVAD implant technique on subsequent heart transplantation. All patients who received an LVAD via thoracotomy and subsequently transplanted were included. This group was matched 2:1 with patients who received an LVAD via sternotomy and were subsequently transplanted. Patients in the sternotomy group were excluded if they had a prior sternotomy to LVAD insertion. Parameters such as cardiopulmonary bypass time, blood usage, post-operative length of stay, morbidity and mortality measures were extracted. 12 Thoracotomy patients and 24 sternotomy patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in gender, BMI or age between the two groups. When assessing operation variables, there was no significant difference in operation duration, cardiopulmonary bypass time or cross clamp time between the sternotomy and thoracotomy groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in blood product administration (red blood cells, cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, platelets) intraoperatively. There was no difference in total length of stay, ICU length of stay, ventilation time and 30-day mortality. In our sample size of 36 patients, we could not demonstrate a significant difference in peri-operative variables between VAD patients who presented for their heart transplant subsequent to receiving an LVAD implanted via either sternotomy or thoracotomy. These findings suggest that while thoracotomy for LVAD insertion may present advantages such as improved inflow cannula positioning, we could not demonstrate a clear benefit in sternal entry for subsequent transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory testing is essential for diagnosing bleeding disorders. The tests and panels that laboratories currently use for bleeding disorder evaluation are not standardized, although most offer coagulation screening tests in bleeding disorder panels. Some tests for bleeding disorders, including von Willebrand factor multimer assays and tests for rarer disorders, are not widely available. Accordingly, clinicians and laboratories need tailored strategies for evaluating common and rare bleeding disorders. Coagulation screening tests have high specificity, however, false positives and false negatives do occur among subjects evaluated for bleeding disorders and more specific tests (e.g., factor assays) are required to further assess abnormalities. Tests for defects in primary hemostasis have similar high specificity but much greater sensitivity for common bleeding disorders than coagulation screening tests. Nonetheless, extensive testing fails to establish a diagnosis in a significant number of individuals considered to have significant bleeding problems. Rare bleeding disorder investigations are important to diagnose some conditions, particularly those with delayed-onset bleeding, such as factor XIII deficiency, α2 antiplasmin deficiency, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency, and Quebec platelet disorder. These issues need careful consideration when assessing patients for congenital and acquired bleeding problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematology laboratories have a vital role in providing diagnostic testing for a wide range of blood disorders. Improvements in hematology laboratory diagnostics are highly dependent on new discoveries on blood disorder pathology, the translation of new knowledge into assays for clinical testing purposes, and research that assesses, compares, and optimizes diagnostic practices. This article reviews the author's experiences with research leading to improved blood disorder diagnosis, including research studies on Quebec platelet disorder and other bleeding disorders, evaluations of practice, and research on the external quality assessment of diagnostic testing for platelet function disorders. The importance of research to advancing diagnostic testing for blood disorders is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several new developments in laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of haemophilia. It is stated that diagnosis of all cases of mild haemophilia A requires both one-stage and two-stage clotting assays. It is mentioned that the one-stage assay is based on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). It is stated that several organizations have made efforts to improve and standardize the laboratory assessment of platelet disorders.

Within the typical 2–8 month (January to August inclusive) farming cycle for southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau), in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, counts of a sea louse, Caligus chiastos Lin et Ho, 2003, were strongly statistically associated with both fish condition and severity of eye damage. During a trial examining the feasibility of maintaining T. maccoyii in farms for more than 1 year, including over the summer season when temperatures may exceed 24 °C, we collected additional epidemiological data on burdens of sea lice over a 17-month period (April 2005 to August 2006 inclusive), on a total of 200 T. maccoyii and 40 ‘control’ T. maccoyii farmed and harvested within 2006. In the first farming season, an epizootic of C. chiastos was characterized by a significant increase in prevalence from 0% to 55% in the first 6 weeks after transfer to farms from the wild, which was followed by a significant decline to zero over the next 12 weeks. A single specimen of a second species of Caligus was also detected within this 4.5-month period. In the second farming season, we recorded a third species of sea louse, C. amblygenitalis Tripathi, 1961. In March 2006, a second epizootic peak occurred, this time with mixed infections of C. chiastos and C. amblygenitalis, with a combined prevalence of 100%. The prevalence of both sea lice species then declined significantly over the second winter period (June to August inclusive). On all but one date that sea lice were detected, sea lice counts were significantly associated with the severity of gross eye damage. Because both peaks in infection occurred in summer months (December to February inclusive), we conclude that infections of sea lice pose a risk to the farming of T. maccoyii under certain summer conditions within Spencer Gulf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. With the ageing population and increasing heart failure, arterial function has been shown to contribute to cardiovascular risk because of its adverse effects on ventriculovascular coupling. Population studies have confirmed independent prognostic information of arterial stiffening on cardiovascular survival. 2. The term ‘arterial function’ encompasses a range of phenotypes, including measures of arterial structure/remodelling, measures of arterial wall mechanics, surrogate measures of stiffness and of wave reflection. There exists significant interaction between these measures and none is truly independent of the others. Added to this complexity is the recognition that, although arterial function has a strong genetic component, quantification requires a range of techniques from twin to family and population studies. 3. The contribution of heritability is often derived from statistical models with input from genomic scanning and candidate gene studies. Studies to date confirm a significant heritable component for the majority of phenotypes examined. However, it has also been recognized that the factors involved in blood pressure maintenance are likely to be separate to those in arterial structural degeneration with ageing. Candidate genes for arterial function go beyond those of the sympathetic and renin–angiotensin systems and include genes involved in signalling pathways and extracellular matrix modulation. 4. The present review examines the evidence for heritability of the major arterial function phenotypes with environmental and ageing modulation. A brief overview of the impact of atherosclerotic risk factors on arterial function is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bleeding problems associated with common and rare inherited platelet disorders illustrate the importance of platelets to normal haemostasis. At sites of injury, platelets normally adhere, undergo activation, secretion and aggregate formation, and they provide the membrane surface for the assembly of coagulation to generate thrombin. The causes of inherited disorders that alter platelet haemostatic functions are quite diverse, ranging from defects in receptors critical to platelet adhesion and aggregation, to defects in signalling molecules or in transcription factors important for production of functional platelets. The mechanisms of impaired platelet function are largely unknown for the more common disorders that alter platelet activation, secretion and the secondary wave of platelet aggregation. The diagnostic evaluation of congenital platelet disorders has been challenging as some ‘platelet-type’ bleeding symptoms, such as bruising, are quite common in the general population. Moreover, the diagnostic tests used by clinical laboratories to evaluate disorders of platelet function have not been standardized. In individuals recognized to have an inherited defect in platelet function, therapy is important for controlling and preventing bleeding episodes. Presently, there are a number of choices to consider for the management of bleeding symptoms, including menorrhagia. This paper reviews the causes, diagnostic evaluation and therapies for common and rare congenital platelet disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of continuous flow resulting from contemporary left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) on renal vascular physiology is unknown. Renal resistive index (RRI) reflects arterial compliance, as well as renal vascular resistance, contributed by afferent and efferent arteriolar tone, the renal interstitium as well as renal venous pressures. Methods: Prospective, single center study with renal Doppler evaluation at baseline (pre‐implant) and at 3‐months support. Outcomes assessed include need for post‐operative renal replacement therapy (RRT), worsening renal function (WRF) defined as persistent increase from pre‐implant KDIGO chronic kidney disease stage, right ventricular (RV) failure, and survival to transplantation. Results: Pre‐implant RRI did not predict cardiorenal outcomes including right heart failure, need for renal replacement therapy or worsening renal function. Post‐implant RRI was significantly lower than pre‐implant RRI, with a distinct Doppler waveform characteristic of continuous flow. Post‐implant renal end‐diastolic velocity, but not RRI, correlated strongly with LVAD flow (Spearman rho −0.99, p < 0.001), with trend toward correlation with mean arterial pressure (Spearman's rho 0.63, p = 0.129). There was a negative correlation between post‐implant RRI and mean pulmonary artery pressure (Spearman's rho −0.81, p = 0.049), likely driven by elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Spearman's rho −0.83, p = 0.058). Conclusion: The hemodynamic contributors to RRI in LVAD supported patients are complex. Higher mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures seen in lower RRI may reflect a smaller difference in systolic and diastolic flow. Future simultaneous Doppler assessment of the LVAD outflow graft and RRI may help understand the hemodynamic interactions contributing to this index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sixth year anniversary of publishing of the "Educational Issue of International Journal of Laboratory Hematology."

Aims. We provide an in-depth analysis of the COSMOS-Web ring, an Einstein ring at z ≈ 2 that we serendipitously discovered during the data reduction of the COSMOS-Web survey and that could be the most distant lens discovered to date. Methods. We extracted the visible and near-infrared photometry of the source and the lens from more than 25 bands. We combined these observations with far-infrared detections to study the dusty nature of the source and we derived the photometric redshifts and physical properties of both the lens and the source with three different spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Using JWST/NIRCam images, we also produced two lens models to (i) recover the total mass of the lens, (ii) derive the magnification of the system, (iii) reconstruct the morphology of the lensed source, and (iv) measure the slope of the total mass density profile of the lens. Results. We find the lens to be a very massive elliptical galaxy at z = 2.02 ± 0.02 with a total mass within the Einstein radius of Mtot(<θEin = (3.66 ± 0.36) × 1011M⊙ and a total stellar mass of M⋆ = 1.37−0.11+0.14 × 1011 M⊙. We also estimate it to be compact and quiescent with a specific star formation rate below 10−13 yr. Compared to stellar-to-halo mass relations from the literature, we find that the total mass of the lens within the Einstein radius is consistent with the presence of a dark matter (DM) halo of total mass Mh = 1.09−0.57+1.46 × 1013 M⊙. In addition, the background source is a M⋆ = (1.26 ± 0.17) × 1010M⊙ star-forming galaxy (SFR ≈ (78 ± 15) M⊙ yr) at z = 5.48 ± 0.06. The morphology reconstructed in the source plane shows two clear components with different colors. Dust attenuation values from SED fitting and nearby detections in the far infrared also suggest that the background source could be at least partially dust-obscured. Conclusions. We find the lens at z ≈ 2. Its total, stellar, and DM halo masses are consistent within the Einstein ring, so we do not need any unexpected changes in our description of the lens such as changing its initial mass function or including a non-negligible gas contribution. The most likely solution for the lensed source is at z ≈ 5.5. Its reconstructed morphology is complex and highly wavelength dependent, possibly because it is a merger or a main sequence galaxy with a heterogeneous dust distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorders such as social phobia (SP) often have their onset during adolescence and frequently precede the onset of major depression. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is well-documented in major depression. Consequently, there is considerable interest in HPA function in anxiety disorders. We examined salivary cortisol levels in 27 SP adolescent girls and 21 matched controls during normal daily activities, and immediately before and after a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Both SP subjects and controls showed significant elevations in cortisol levels prior to the TSST, and prior to attending school. These results suggest that salivary cortisol is a sensitive measure of anticipatory anxiety, but we failed to find significant differences between SP subjects and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes fetal intracardiac transfusion for the treatment of severe anemia due to human parvovirus B-19 infection. Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal parvovirus; Risk of fetal loss; Increase in pericardial effusion.

An editorial is presented on the efforts by the International Society for Laboratory Hematology (ISLH) to provide cation and best practices in laboratory hematology around the world. Other topics include development and use of high quality guidelines, promoting educationally focused workshop and comments from other hematological organisations.

We investigate how the recovery of galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) using energy-balance spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes depends on their recent star formation histories (SFHs). We use the magphys and prospector codes to fit 6706 synthetic SEDs of simulated massive galaxies at 1 < z < 8 from the Feedback in Realistic Environments project. We identify a previously unknown systematic error in the magphys results due to bursty star formation: the derived SFRs can differ from the truth by as much as 1 dex, at large statistical significance (>5σ), depending on the details of their recent SFH. SFRs inferred using prospector with non-parametric SFHs do not exhibit this trend. We show that using parametric SFHs (pSFHs) causes SFR uncertainties to be underestimated by a factor of up to 5×. Although this undoubtedly contributes to the significance of the systematic, it cannot explain the largest biases in the SFRs of the starbursting galaxies, which could be caused by details of the stochastic prior sampling or the burst implementation in the magphys libraries. We advise against using pSFHs and urge careful consideration of starbursts when SED modelling galaxies where the SFR may have changed significantly over the last ∼100 Myr, such as recently quenched galaxies, or those experiencing a burst. This concern is especially relevant, e.g. when fitting JWST observations of very high redshift galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The galaxy size–stellar mass and central surface density–stellar mass relationships are fundamental observational constraints on galaxy formation models. However, inferring the physical size of a galaxy from observed stellar emission is non-trivial due to various observational effects, such as the mass-to-light ratio variations that can be caused by non-uniform stellar ages, metallicities, and dust attenuation. Consequently, forward-modelling light-based sizes from simulations is desirable. In this work, we use the skirt   dust radiative transfer code to generate synthetic observations of massive galaxies (⁠|$M_{*}\sim 10^{11}\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$| at z  = 2, hosted by haloes of mass |$M_{\rm {halo}}\sim 10^{12.5}\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$|⁠) from high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations that form part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments project. The simulations used in this paper include explicit stellar feedback but no active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. From each mock observation, we infer the effective radius (R e), as well as the stellar mass surface density within this radius and within |$1\, \rm {kpc}$| (Σe and Σ1, respectively). We first investigate how well the intrinsic half-mass radius and stellar mass surface density can be inferred from observables. The majority of predicted sizes and surface densities are within a factor of 2 of the intrinsic values. We then compare our predictions to the observed size–mass relationship and the Σ1− M ⋆ and Σe− M ⋆ relationships. At z  ≳ 2, the simulated massive galaxies are in general agreement with observational scaling relations. At z  ≲ 2, they evolve to become too compact but still star forming, in the stellar mass and redshift regime where many of them should be quenched. Our results suggest that some additional source of feedback, such as AGN-driven outflows, is necessary in order to decrease the central densities of the simulated massive galaxies to bring them into agreement with observations at z  ≲ 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the current demand for donor hearts, we are increasingly pushing the limits of acceptable organs. Previous literature has shown that prolonged ischaemic time in transport remains a key limitation with excess morbidity such as early primary graft dysfunction requiring VA-ECMO (rates of up to 30% have been reported). This study will highlight outcomes from the first 13 patients who received a donor heart retrieved on the XVIVO hypothermic perfusion organ care device at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Patient selection was part of the Australia-New Zealand non-ischaemic hypothermic perfusion (NIHP) trial. The first 2 patients selected were part of a run-in period and had a short donor ischaemic time. All subsequent patients selected were estimated to have an ischaemic time exceeding 6 hours. Patients were recruited between November 2021 and September 2022 13 patients received a donor heart procured using the XVIVO NIHP device (8 male, 5 female). Median recipient age was 54 years (range 10-69). Median donor ischaemic time was 404 minutes (range 296-527). 12 patients were successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass post-transplant, 1 patient required VA-ECMO due to secondary graft dysfunction for a duration of 2 days. Median ICU length of stay was 4 days (range 2-37). Median intubation time was 19 hours (13-316). Median post-operative length of stay was 32 days (11-119). There was no post-operative mortality. Our early experience with the XVIVO non-ischaemic hypothermic perfusion device appears very promising. This technology has the potential to overcome limitations associated with prolonged ischaemic time in the field of heart transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented about the high prevalence of glaucoma in Veli Brgud, Croatia.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article about gastrointestinal symptoms in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Blockers have been shown to reverse left ventricular remodeffing and to reduce the severity of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR)in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. The study population was drawn from a total population of 476 consecutive patients who were treated with carvedilol for this indication. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function and FMR was performed with a Hewlett Packard Sonos 5500 ultrasound system with 2.5 and 3.5 MHz transducers. Left ventricular end diastolic and systolic dimensions were determined 1mm standard M mode measurement.

Recent works have suggested that energy balance spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes may be of limited use for studying high-redshift galaxies for which the observed ultraviolet and far-infrared emission are offset (spatially 'decoupled'). It has been proposed that such offsets could lead energy balance codes to miscalculate the overall energetics, preventing them from recovering such galaxies' true properties. In this work, we test how well the SED fitting code magphys can recover the stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), specific SFR, dust mass, and luminosity by fitting 6706 synthetic SEDs generated from four zoom-in simulations of dusty, high-redshift galaxies from the FIRE project via dust continuum radiative transfer. Comparing our panchromatic results (using wavelengths 0.4–500 μm, and spanning 1 < z < 8) with fits based on either the starlight (⁠|$\lambda _\mathrm{eff} \le 2.2\, \mu$| m) or dust (⁠|$\ge 100\, \mu$| m) alone, we highlight the power of considering the full range of multiwavelength data alongside an energy balance criterion. Overall, we obtain acceptable fits for 83 per cent of the synthetic SEDs, though the success rate falls rapidly beyond z ≈ 4, in part due to the sparser sampling of the priors at earlier times since SFHs must be physically plausible (i.e. shorter than the age of the universe). We use the ground truth from the simulations to show that when the quality of fit is acceptable, the fidelity of magphys estimates is independent of the degree of UV/FIR offset, with performance very similar to that previously reported for local galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. How galaxies form, assemble, and cease their star formation is a central question within the modern landscape of galaxy evolution studies. These processes are indelibly imprinted on the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), and its measurement and understanding is key to uncovering a unified theory of galaxy evolution. Aims. We present constraints on the shape and evolution of the galaxy SMF, the quiescent galaxy fraction, and the cosmic stellar mass density across 90% of the history of the Universe from z = 7.5 → 0.2 as a means to study the physical processes that underpin galaxy evolution. Methods. The COSMOS survey is an ideal laboratory for studying representative galaxy samples. Now equipped with deeper and more homogeneous near-infrared coverage exploited by the COSMOS2020 catalog, we leverage the large 1.27 deg2 effective area to improve sample statistics and understand spatial variations (cosmic variance) – particularly for rare, massive galaxies – and push to higher redshifts with greater confidence and mass completeness than previous studies. We divide the total stellar mass function into star-forming and quiescent subsamples through NUVrJ color-color selection. The measurements are then fit with single- and double-component Schechter functions to infer the intrinsic galaxy stellar mass function, the evolution of its key parameters, and the cosmic stellar mass density out to z = 7.5. Finally, we compare our measurements to predictions from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations and theoretical dark matter halo mass functions. Results. We find a smooth, monotonic evolution in the galaxy stellar mass function since z = 7.5, in general agreement with previous studies. The number density of star-forming systems have undergone remarkably consistent growth spanning four decades in stellar mass from z = 7.5 → 2 whereupon high-mass systems become predominantly quiescent ("downsizing"). Meanwhile, the assembly and growth of low-mass quiescent systems only occurred recently, and rapidly. An excess of massive systems at z ≈ 2.5 − 5.5 with strikingly red colors, with some being newly identified, increase the observed number densities to the point where the SMF cannot be reconciled with a Schechter function. Conclusions. Systematics including cosmic variance and/or active galactic nuclei contamination are unlikely to fully explain this excess, and so we speculate that they may be dust-obscured populations similar to those found in far infrared surveys. Furthermore, we find a sustained agreement from z ≈ 3 − 6 between the stellar and dark matter halo mass functions for the most massive systems, suggesting that star formation in massive halos may be more efficient at early times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, simulated massive, star-forming galaxies become too compact relative to observed galaxies at z ≲ 2. In this paper, we perform high-resolution re-simulations of a massive (⁠|$M_{\star }\sim 10^{11}\, \rm {{\rm M}_{\odot }}$|⁠) galaxy at z ∼ 2.3, drawn from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. In the simulation without AGN feedback, the galaxy experiences a rapid starburst and shrinking of its half-mass radius. We experiment with driving mechanical AGN winds, using a state-of-the-art hyper-Lagrangian refinement technique to increase particle resolution. These winds reduce the gas surface density in the inner regions of the galaxy, suppressing the compact starburst and maintaining an approximately constant half-mass radius. Using radiative transfer, we study the impact of AGN feedback on the magnitude and extent of the multiwavelength continuum emission. When AGN winds are included, the suppression of the compact, dusty starburst results in lowered flux at FIR wavelengths (due to decreased star formation) but increased flux at optical-to-near-IR wavelengths (due to decreased dust attenuation, in spite of the lowered star formation rate), relative to the case without AGN winds. The FIR half-light radius decreases from ∼1 to |$\sim 0.1\, \rm {kpc}$| in |$\lesssim 40\, \rm {Myr}$| when AGN winds are not included, but increases to |$\sim 2\, \rm {kpc}$| when they are. Interestingly, the half-light radius at optical-NIR wavelengths remains approximately constant over |$35\, \rm {Myr}$|⁠ , for simulations with and without AGN winds. In the case without winds, this occurs despite the rapid compaction, and is due to heavy dust obscuration in the inner regions of the galaxy. This work highlights the importance of forward-modelling when comparing simulated and observed galaxy populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ApixiVad study aims to test the non-inferiority of Apixaban compared to oral anticoagulation with Warfarin in patients supported by an LVAD. A secondary outcome is to test patient satisfaction according to the type of anticoagulation. Patients followed at our institution are randomised to maintain warfarin therapy or to switch to Apixaban. On the day of randomisation and follow-up, patients were asked to complete a satisfaction questionary regarding anticoagulation, the Anti-Clot-Treatment Satisfaction (ACTS). Of the first 13 patients randomised, only one was female (1/13, 3.5%), median age 45 (50-59), and all were implanted as BTT with a HeartMade 3. At the time of randomisation, the patients had been on LVAD for a median of 3.6 months (3.1-4.5); 8 were randomised to the apixaban group and 5 to the Warfarin group. The burden related to anticoagulation decreased after the switch to Apixaban, from a score of 18.5/60 to 15.5/60, whereas the patients on Marcoumar saw their burden increase from a score of 19.4/60 to 23.8/60 (Illustration, Panel A). The satisfaction with anticoagulation was not different between the two groups (illustration, Panel B). When looking at the response to the questionnaire in detail, the improvement in the score of Apixaban patients is due to the simplification of the drug administration (Figure, Panel C). The quality of life, measured by the ACTS questionnaire, increases in patients with LVAD switching from Warfarin to Apixaban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CorWave LVAD uses a unique wave membrane technology for low shear blood propulsion, operating in a pulsatile mode, synchronized with the native ventricle. Preclinical testing suggests this new LVAD could overcome several limitations of continuous flow LVADs. The device will be evaluated in a multicenter feasibility study in Australia, Europe, and Asia. Patients, Clinicians, and Device Developers share a mutual interest to confirm device safety and performance as early as possible. Up to 15 patients will be enrolled using typical LVAD inclusion/exclusion criteria: patients with worsening heart failure despite optimal medical management. As in other LVAD trials, the primary endpoint will be survival. Secondary endpoints include freedom from adverse events (AEs), (e.g. stroke, bleeding, infection, and pump replacement), quality of life and neurocognitive measures. Given that this is a feasibility study, not powered to demonstrate clinical benefit, we also plan to collect data predictive of AEs, validating preclinical data where applicable. These will include von Willebrand Factor assays, arterial pulse pressure and aortic valve opening, which are factors implicated in bleeding and aortic insufficiency. Increased aorta stiffness post-LVAD, correlated with increased AEs, will be measured. The synchronous, pulsatile flow of the CorWave LVAD is hypothesized to improve patient exercise capacity and possibly native ventricular recovery. Thus, patients will undergo exercise testing and evaluation of ventricular size and ejection fraction while on pump support. Potential outcomes include 1) Low AEs and favorable biomarker and functional test data, permitting judicious initiation of a pivotal trial, 2) Equivocal AEs and/or inconclusive biomarker and functional results, enabling Clinicians and Device Developers to collaborate to identify improvements prior to a pivotal trial, or 3) Increased AEs with negative biomarker and functional data, requiring device design and/or management revisions prior to re-commencing clinical studies. Survival rates achieved with current LVADs create a challenging standard, but the high AE rates offer opportunities for new technologies to prevent stagnation in the field. New approaches to cost-effective early LVAD trial design are required to sustain innovation and safely transition into pivotal trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]