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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence, spectrum, and significance of incidental lesions identified on electron beam tomography (EBT) renal angiography performed to investigate renovascular hypertension. Materials and methods: EBT renal angiography images of 148 cases were evaluated in terms of renal artery variations and renal artery stenosis. Extravascular renal findings, abdominal aorta, iliac artery, liver and gallbladder findings, vertebral lesions, and other intraabdominal organ findings were assessed during the examination. Results: No incidental finding was found in 30 cases (20.2%) in total. The most frequent incidental findings were benign ones without any clinical significance. A total of 13 (8.7%) clinically significant findings were identified. Conclusion: When evaluating renal EBT angiography, a detailed review of other systems as well as target organ assessment is of crucial importance as it may affect patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the acromio-humeral, coraco-humeral, and coraco-clavicular distances with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome. Subjects and methods: All the acromiohumeral, coraco-humeral, and coraco-clavicular intervals of all patients were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 132 shoulders (76 right and 56 left shoulders) with impingement syndrome (40 males and 92 females, with 79 cases surgically confirmed and the remaining 53 cases clinically and radiologically suspected) and 40 control group patients were included. Statistical correlation of this research was assessed by Fisher's Exact t test and Pearson chi-square test-correlation coefficients. Results: In the correlation of average acromio-humeral, coracohumeral, and coraco-lavicular intervals (AHI, CHI, and CCI, respectively), there were significant statistical differences between patient and control groups; all the intervals were found to be higher in the control group. A moderate positive relation between average AHI and CHI, between AHI and CCI, and between CCI and CHI has been found. All intervals in the patient group increase or decrease dependently on each other. No proper cut-off values were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve for all intervals between patient and control groups. Conclusion: Acromio-humeral, coraco-humeral, and coraco-clavicular intervals were extremely lower in the shoulder impingement syndrome and had significant importance in the diagnosis of subacromial and subcoracoid impingements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of percutaneous drainage of intraabdominal abscess, paying attention to success, recurrence and failure rates. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of percutaneous treatment of 58 intraabdominal abscesses in 50 patients (26 male, 24 female; between the ages of 23 to 88 years old; average age: 53 years) was performed. Abscesses were drained with the guidance of sonography and fluoroscopy. 12 abscesses (<5 cm) drained by simple needle (18 G, Chiba) aspiration; catheter (6 F to 14 F) drainage by Seldinger technique was used in the remaining 46 abscesses. Results: About 49% (23/46) of percutaneous catheterizations are terminated in the first week. The success rate in the first intervention was 63.7% (37/58). The recurrence rate was 19% (11/58) and all of them treated by second attempts. Cumulative success and failure rates were 82.8% (48/58) and 5.2% (3/58), respectively. 7 abscesses (12%) were either temporized or palliated. The overall success (with abscesses, which were temporize-palliated and required re-intervention) and failure rates were 94.8% (55/58) and 5.2% (3/58), respectively. Within a one month period, the mortality rate was 3.4% (2/58). Conclusions: Reasons for preference the percutaneous drainage procedure as a first choice in the treatment of intraabdominal abscess are general anesthesia avoidance, having lower complication rates than surgery and also being minimally invasive, easy, safe and effective. Image-guided percutaneous drainage should be performed in every intraabdominal abscess with a reliable access route in order to obtain high rates of therapy success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, many studies have proven that percutaneous thermal ablation is an effective second-line treatment method with low complication rates in early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma and lung metastases. Radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are commonly used for this purpose. Purpose: To evaluate the factors affecting the success of the percutaneous thermal ablation treatment with technical success, complication rates, and long-term follow-up results in metastatic lung lesions. Material and Methods: Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous ablation was performed for 70 metastatic lung lesions in 35 patients (22 men, 13 women; mean age = 61.34 years; age range = 41–75 years). Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 53/70 (75.7%) lesions and microwave ablation in 17/70 (24.3%) lesions. Results: The technical success rate was 98.6%. Median overall survival, progression-free survival, and local recurrence-free survival of the patients were 33.9 months (range=25.6–42.1 months), 12 months (range=4.9–19.2 months), and 24.2 months (range=8.2–40.1 months), respectively. One- and two-year overall survival rates were 84% and 74%, respectively. Median progression-free survival times were 20.3 months and 11.4 months, respectively, according to the number of metastatic lung lesions being single and multiple, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.046). According to the number of lesions ≤3 and >3, the difference was also found statistically significant (P = 0.024) (14.3 months and 5.7 months, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is a safe and effective treatment method in metastatic lung lesions. The number of lesions is the most important factor in predicting treatment success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to correlate the presence or absence of embolic debris in filter-type embolic protection devices (EPD), which are frequently used during carotid artery stenting (CAS), with possible risk factors and ultrasonographic plaque features. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients, who underwent CAS using a filter-type EPD in the period between July 2016 and March 2019, were included in our study. The modified Gray-Weale classification (mGWC) subtypes obtained in the pre-procedural ultrasonographic examinations were recorded. In addition, other patient-related risk factors considered to be related to a distal embolism were recorded. After the procedure the filters were evaluated to detect and examine embolic debris in the pathology clinic. The presence and features of embolic debris in the filters were recorded. Results: In the examinations performed after CAS, embolic debris was macroscopically and microscopically detected in 22 (27%) and 34 (42.5%) of the filter-type EPDs, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the change in the mGWC category of stenotic plaques from type 5 to type 1 and the presence of embolic debris in the filter (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between stenotic segment length and the presence of embolic debris in the filter (p < 0.05). The presence of embolic debris was not statistically significantly related to predisposing risk factors for atherosclerosis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: During CAS, the likelihood of the presence of embolic debris in the EPDs increases as mGWC categories change from type 5 to type 1 and as the length of the stenotic segment increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare but important vascular abnormality. It occurs when the left superior cardinal vein does not regress and reaches innominate vein. It often present as an isolated condition. However, it might be associated to cardiovascular anomalies such as atrial septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, coronary sinus anomalies or cor triatrium. A patient presenting with shortness of breath and atypical chest pain had been diagnosed with left persistent superior vena cava (LPSVC) on echocardiography. Agitated salin contrast echocardiography was performed and the LPSVC confirmed. Coronary CT angiography was performed in order to check for additional anomalies. It was seen that the LPSVC opens to the left atrium and the coronary sinus was patent. We aimed to present this case in the light of literature and radiological images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare but important vascular abnormality. It occurs when the left superior cardinal vein does not regress and reaches innominate vein. It often present as an isolated condition. However, it might be associated to cardiovascular anomalies such as atrial septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, coronary sinus anomalies or cor triatrium. A patient presenting with shortness of breath and atypical chest pain had been diagnosed with left persistent superior vena cava (LPSVC) on echocardiography. Agitated salin contrast echocardiography was performed and the LPSVC confirmed. Coronary CT angiography was performed in order to check for additional anomalies. It was seen that the LPSVC opens to the left atrium and the coronary sinus was patent. We aimed to present this case in the light of literature and radiological images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the radial styloid osseous changes observed on posteroanterior wrist radiographs of patients with de Quervain's tenosynovitis who required surgery or conservative treatment. Materials and Methods: The surgically treated group included 24 patients with de Quervain's tenosynovitis. The conservative treatment group and the healthy control group each comprised 24 age- and sex-matched subjects. We evaluated the presence of bone apposition, periosteal reaction, sclerosis, osteopenia, erosion, and contour bulge in the epiphyseal remnant at the radial styloid. The incidences of abnormal radiographic findings were compared between these three groups. The correlation of radial styloid bony changes with the duration of symptoms was also analyzed. Results: No significant differences were found between the three groups in terms of periosteal reaction, erosion, and contour bulge at the epiphysial remnant. Significant differences were found between the three groups in the incidence of bone apposition, sclerosis, and osteopenia (p < 0.001). Bone apposition incidence in the surgically and conservatively treated groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Sclerosis and osteopenia significantly differed between the surgically and conservatively treated groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). No significant association was observed between the duration of symptoms and the radial styloid osseous changes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We found a variable incidence of abnormal radiographic findings on the radial styloid in patients with de Quervain's tenosynovitis and asymptomatic individuals. The presence of sclerosis and osteopenia may be potential risk factors for patients who do not respond to conservative treatment and need surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of existance of pulmonary embolism (PE) and it's severity with the frequency of paranchymal findings and the diameter of pulmonary artery. Material and Method: Contrast-enhanced CT images of 664 patients with suspected PE were evaluated retrospectively. Filling defects that are compatible with PE were detected and CT angiography obstruction index calculated. Pulmonary artery diameters were measured and parencyhmal findings were noted in patient with PE (n=209) and without PE (n=455). Results: Consolidation (p=0.017) and oligemia (0.004) were more frequent in patients with PE than patients without PE. Consolidation was more frequent (p<0.001) in patients with an obstruction index of 50% or higher than those with an index of less than 50%. The mean main pulmonary artery diameter was higher in patients with PE than patients without PE (p=0.019). The mean right (p=0.045), left (p=0.004) and main pulmonary artery (p=0.034) diameters were higher in patients with obstruction index of 50% or higher (n=37) than those with an index of less than 50% (n=172). Conclusion: Patients with suspected pulmonary embolism undergo dynamic contrast enhanced computed tomography. These patients must be evaluated more carefully for pulmonary embolism when consolidation, oligemia or an increase in pulmonary artery diameter were detected in computed tomography examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gall bladder (GB) may be found in a variety of abnormal positions. Most of them are due to arrested development of embryonic growth at different stages.A 63-year-old female patientwas admitted to our radiology unit for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver for the lesions identified in abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). MRI showed that there was a lobulated heterogenous mass in the left lobe of the liver and a smaller one in the right lobe of the liver with the same appearance. The inferior pole of the liver was located in the pelvic space, and the GB, which contained sludges and stones, was lying down to the upper pelvic space. Hepatic masses were considered to be hemangiomas, and GB was diagnosed as ptotic GB with luminal sludge and stones. In this case, especially, MR imaging helped the surgeon to plan a proper approach to the GB in abnormal localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The venous system has frequent anatomical variations. A good understanding of the venous anatomy is very important and proper evaluation of the venous system is crucial for the appropriate treatment of venous disorders. There are many variations of the greater saphenous vein at the level of the thigh, knee and leg. All variations of the saphenofemoral junction reported in the literature refer to the drainage of the greater saphenous vein into the common femoral vein. A very rare greater saphenous vein variation at the level of the saphenofemoral junction is defined and discussed in this case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength which is associated with increased risks such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes for curative surgeries of gastrointestinal malignancies. Elective patients who were diagnosed as gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma were included in the study retrospectively. A single radiologist assessed CT images, taken in the last month before surgery for calculation of total psoas index and Hounsfield units average calculation in order to select sarcopenic patients. Age, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores, weight loss, performance status, postoperative complications, and 6 month all-cause mortality were analyzed. A total of 123 eligible patients were analyzed and 46 (37.4%) of them were grouped as sarcopenic. Sarcopenic patients were older, had higher ASA scores, more weight loss, lower performance, and had more life threatening postoperative complications when compared to non-sarcopenic patients. Sarcopenia determined by cancer evaluation CT seems to be an important criterion in determining the surgical complications in gastrointestinal cancer patients. A high-risk patient may be better prepared with the combination of nutrition, physical exercise and neoadjuvant treatment options before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is aimed to present our experience in carotid artery stenting with attention to the patient selection, technique, success rate, perioperative complications, and efficacy. Methods: Patients presented with carotid stenosis treated by stenting were included. Symptomatic patients were defined as having a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke in the last 6 months. Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis of at least 50% or asymptomatic carotid stenosis of at least 70% detected by catheter angiography were accepted for treatment. Distal embolic protection devices were used in all patients. Technical success was defined as the luminal patency at least 70%. Results: The study consisted of 94 patients with 98 procedures and the mean age was 66.38±11.13 years. The mean stenosis rate was 74.52±13.44%. A total of 109 stents were used in 97 procedures, and closed-cell design was used in 87.2% versus open-cell design in 12.8%. Technical success and complication rate were 98.9% and 8.2%, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 14.92±10.76 months. Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting with use of distal embolic protection devices is widely accepted, safe, feasible, less invasive when compared to surgery and can be performed successfully especially in patients with high risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is strongly related with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases andvisceral obesity. Abdominal wall fat index (AFI) is an indicator of visceral fat accumulation determined by ultrasonography(US). Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and carotid plaque score (C-PS) are the indicators of cardiovascular risk. Theaim of this study was to investigate the relation between OSAS and AFI, C-IMT or C-PS.Materials and Methods: One-hundred and four subjects (31 females, 73 males) between 23-73year-old, candidate for polysomnography (PSG) with suspect of OSAS and without other atherosclerotic risk factor, were evaluated by US. AFI, C-IMTmean and C-PS values were determined and the subjects were grouped according to their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values as follows: no OSAS (<5), mild OSAS (5-15), moderate OSAS (15-30) and severe OSAS (>30).Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between AFI and AHI (p=0.019). The C-IMTmean values of subjects with OSAS (AHI >5) were significantly higher than those without OSAS (AHI <5) (p=0.035). C-PS was not correlated with AHI (p=0.345) and also there was not a statistically significant difference between OSAS groups in terms of C-PS (p=0.775).Conclusions: This study revealed that AFI correlates with AHI and C-IMT increases in OSAS. The two parameters could be used as indicators of risk of metabolic disorders and atheroscleroticdiseases in subjects with sleep apnea in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our study was to present the technical success and diagnostic accuracy and complications of pancreatic fine needle aspiration biopsies performed under the guidance of imaging methods. A total number of 81 patients (44 male, 37 female) who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy under the guidance of imaging methods between 2012-2019 were included in the study. The procedure reports and pathology results were examined retrospectively. The biopsies were performed using Chiba type 22-gauge needle with ultrasonography (USG) or computerized tomography (CT). The biopsies reported as inadequate material in the histopathological examination were evaluated as unsuccessful, whereas the biopsies with benign, malignant and suspicious results were evaluated as successful. The median age of the patients included in the study was 68 (range: 40-86 years). Of the 81 pancreatic mass biopsies, 71 were performed with USG (87.7%) and 10 with CT (12.3%). 61 of the lesions were at the pancreas head (75.3%), and 20 at the body-tail (24.7%). 68 of the lesions were solid (83%), 8 were cystic (1%) and 5 were mixed (6%). When the lesion localization and lesion content were evaluated according to biopsy success, no statistical difference was found (p>0.05). While the diagnostic accuracy is 97.3% in lesions over 4 cm, this rate decreases in lesions below 2 cm (60%). A statistically significant difference was found between the lesion size and biopsy success (Pearson chi-square p = 0.011). 7.4% (n = 6) of the pathology results were nondiagnostic. Three of these 6 biopsies were accompanied by CT, while the remaining three were USG-guided. The diagnostic success rate was 95.8% in USG-guided biopsies and 70% in CT-guided biopsies and this difference was statistically significant. (Fisher exact chi-square value p = 0.023). As a conclusion, USG and CT-guided percutaneous FNA is a safe, easy-to-perform, and reproducible procedure with high diagnostic rates in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D CE-MRA) in detecting renal artery stenosis (RAS), and in demonstrating segmental and accessory renal arteries in patients with suspected renovascular hypertension, taking digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference method. Material and Method: Twenty five patients underwent 3D CE-MRA and DSA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CE-MRA in depicting RAS, and sensitivity of the technique in demonstrating segmental and accessory arteries were calculated. Results: For detecting RAS, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3D CE-MRA were; 100%, 97.8%, 87.5%, and 100%, respectively. The sencitivity of the technique in demonstrating segmental and accessory arteries were 58% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: We found that 3D CE-MRA is a reliable technique in not only detecting RAS, but in demonstrating accessory arteries as well. However, according to our results, the value of the method in visualising segmental arteries is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the success and complication rates of percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (PRG). Method: The patients who had PRG in our interventional radiology unit between June 2012 and December 2018 were included in the study. Patients' procedure reports and images were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age, gender, diagnosis, technical success, and rate of complications of the procedure were the research parameters. Method: The patients who had PRG in our interventional radiology unit between June 2012 and December 2018 were included in the study. Patients' procedure reports and images were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age, gender, diagnosis, technical success, and rate of complications of the procedure were the research parameters. Conclusions: PRG is a practical and safe procedure with a high success and low complication rates in patients with a need for enteral feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare form of transsynaptic degeneration and is the only type which occurs with hypertrophy rather than atrophy. It develops due to pathologies affecting conduction in the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway. Despite being the classic HOD-related findings, palatal tremor, Holmes tremor, nystagmus, and cerebellar ataxia are not usually present in patients. Most cases are asymptomatic, and HOD is incidentally detected on magnetic resonance imaging scans. This paper reports the case and imaging results of a 60-year-old male patient that presented with findings of acute infarction at the posterior aspect of the mesencephalon and pons and superior cerebellar peduncle following head trauma and developed right contralateral HOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: SThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic adequacy rate, post-procedure complications and radiological parameters of pulmonary lesions that underwent computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (PTLB) in our clinic. Material and Method: 228 patients (45 females, 183 males) who underwent CT guided PTLB in our clinic between January 2014 and November 2016 were included in the study. In our study, the radiological parameters of the lesions, post-procedural complications and pathology results were examined. Fine needle aspiration biopsy with a 22 G needle was performed in all lesions with onsite pathologist. In addition, core biopsy was performed in 54 lesions, using an 18 G needle by single needle method. Results: Of the 228 patients included in our study, 195 were diagnosed and the diagnostic adequacy rate was 85.5%. Pneumothorax was detected in 63 patients (%27,6), pulmonary haemorrhage was detected in 64 patients (%28) in the images taken immediately after the procedure. Conclusion: CT guided PTLB is a superior and reliable method compared to other procedures that are more invasive in the pathologic diagnosis of pulmonary lesions since PTLB has highly diagnostic adequacy rate, easy to administer and complications with acceptable levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The variations and anomalies of the kidneys besides the variations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and left renal vein (LRV) are mostly asymptomatic, but they carry potential risks particularly during retroperitoneal surgery and radiological interventions. Our aim was to find the frequencies, types, and sex distribution of renal anomalies and variations of the IVC and LRV utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods: Between November 2010 and April 2011, a retrospective study was conducted including lumbar spinal MRI of 3000 consecutive patients (1869 females and 1131 males) with a median age of 54 years (range: 9-78 years). Results: The percentages of renal anomalies and variations of the IVC and LRV were 0.9%, 0.07%, and 2.6%, respectively. Sex did not affect the distribution of renal anomalies (P = 0.2), IVC variations (P = 0.72), or LRV variations (P = 0.26). Conclusion: Lumbar spinal MRI is useful in detecting renal anomalies and variations of the IVC and LRV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Accumulating evidence indicates that psoriasis is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Psoriasis and obesity share similar inflammatory mediators, and obesity may potentiate some inflammatory cytokines seen in psoriasis. Body fat distribution, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is an important factor in metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic diseases. An association has been demonstrated between psoriasis and abdominal VAT measured by computed tomography (CT). Aim: To measure abdominal VAT noninvasively by ultrasonography (USG) in patients with psoriasis and investigated its relation to psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 41 psoriasis patients and 41 control subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The maximal preperitoneal fat thickness (Pmax) at the anterior surface of the liver and the minimal subcutaneous fat thickness (Smin) of the abdomen were measured by USG. The abdominal fat index (AFI = Pmax/Smin ratio) was calculated and the results were compared between groups. Results: The rate of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in psoriasis patients (p = 0.0018). The mean AFI was similar in both groups. AFI was not associated with psoriasis in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.495) or with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (r = 0.123, p = 0.443). Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate abdominal VAT by USG. Computed tomography may be more reliable than USG, but its high cost and radiation exposure are major disadvantages. Further studies are required to determine the relationships between psoriasis and VAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and value of sonoelastography in assessing non-thyroid neck masses. Methods: Non-thyroid neck masses requiring surgical interventions were evaluated using conventional B-mode ultrasonography (US) (size, short/long axis rate, shape, hilum, echogenity, calcification, necrosis, and peripheral edema) and sonoelastograpy (SE) with strain ratio (SR) and elasticity score (ES) before surgery. These parameters were compared with the histopathological examination. Results: In total, 116 non-thyroid neck masses (66 lymph node, 35 parotid gland, eight submandibular gland, and seven cervical mass) of 89 patients (51 men, 38 women) with a mean age of 50.3±15.1 (19-79) years were evaluated. Thirty-seven malignant lymph nodes (23 metastatic and 14 lymphoma), seven malignant parotid tumors, two malignant submandibular tumors, 29 benign lymph nodes, 28 benign parotid lesions, and six benign submandibular lesions were evaluated. Mean SR and ES values of malignant masses were 6.3/3.2 for lymph nodes, 5.5/3.3for the parotid gland, and 4.2/3 for the submandibular gland. Mean SR and ES values of benign lesions were 2.0/2.1 for lymph nodes, 4.4/3.2 for the parotid gland, and 3.2/3 for the submandibular gland. SR and ES were significantly higher for malignant masses compared with those for benign ones. SR was more predictive than ES in evaluating malignant lymph nodes. The area under the curve was 0.917(0.827-1.00) (p<0.05) for SR in differentiating benign-malignant lymph nodes, and the upper cut-off value was two. SR and ES were higher in the malign parotid and submandibular gland lesions than the benign ones, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Strain ratio value could be a useful parameter in differentiating benign-malignant lymph nodes. More studies are necessary for differentiating benign-malignant parotid and submandibular lesions using SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the Keros classification and asymmetrical distribution rates of the ethmoid roof and the frequency of anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses. Materials and Methods: Paranasal sinus scans of 500 patients obtained using computed tomography were evaluated retrospectively. Measurements were performed using a coronal plan with right-left comparison and with distance measurement techniques. The depth of the lateral lamella was calculated by subtracting the depth of the cribriform plate from the depth of the medial ethmoid roof. The results were classified according to their Keros classification. Any asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and fovea ethmoidalis configuration were examined. The anatomic variations frequently encountered in paranasal sinuses (pneumatized middle concha, paradoxical middle concha, agger nasi cells, Hailer cells, Onodi cells, etc.) were defined. Results:The mean height of the lateral lamella cribriform plate (LLCP) was 4.92+1.70 mm. The cases were classified as 13.4% Keros Type I, 76.1% Keros Type II, and 10.5% Keros Type III. There was asymmetry in the LLCP depths of 80% of the cases, and a configuration asymmetry in the fovea in 35% of the cases. In 32% of the cases with fovea configuration asymmetry, there was also asymmetry in the height of the right and left LLCP. The most frequent variations were nasal septum deviation (81.8%), agger nasi cells (63.8%), intralamellar air cells (45%), and concha bullosa (30%). Conclusion: Using the Keros classification for LLCP height, higher rates of Keros Type I were found in other studies than in our study. The most frequent classification was Keros Type II. The paranasal sinus variations in each patient should be carefully evaluated.The data obtained from these evaluations can prevent probable complications by informing rhinologists performing endoscopic sinus surgery about preoperative and intraoperative processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Comparison of the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of rotator cuff and biceps tendon pathologies. Material and methods: Shoulder US an MRI were performed in patients suffering from shoulder pain. The results of the two methods were retrospectively evaluated in a total of 105 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging findins were accepted as a reference. Results: In the biceps tendon, ultrasonography served as a method for correct diagnosis in 7 of the 8 cases with dislocation, in 1 of 3 cases with partial rupture, and i all 4 cases with full thickness rupture. In biceps tendon patholo- gies, the sensitivity nad the specifity of US were respectively 80% and 978%. And for supraspinatus tendon pathologies; 24 of 26 full thickness ruptures (92.3% sensitivity, 98.8% specifity), 30 of 37 partial ruptures (81% sensitivity, 95.6% specifity), 30 of 37 tendnosis' (83.3% sensitivity, 95.6% speifity) were diagnosed correctly with US. Conslusion: As a result, US is a reliable and especially reproducible method for evaluation and diagnosing of patients with shoulder pain. Furthermore, its diagnostic value is low in partial rotator cuff ruptures and in the partial ruptures of the intracapsular biceps tendon [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: Performance of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. Method: In a retrospective study with malignant nodules of 14 patients, H-MRS and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) were performed. Choline (Cho) peak, Cho/creatine (Cr) ratio, and ADC values of malignant nodules were correlated with the five benign nodules and four normal-appearing thyroid lobe parenchymata. The gold standard reference was fine needle aspiration biopsy and histopathology. Results: At echo time 40–144-ms acquisitions, average Cho/Cr ratio for the malignant nodules was 2.95±1.54–5.30±2.38, cutoff values were >0.805 and >1.225, and ADC values were 0.06±0.02. Conclusion: H-MRS acquisitions, DWI, and ADC mapping give diagnostic data about the nature of the nodules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was to define the sonographic evaluation and morphometric measurements of the suprascapular notch. The suprascapular notch was evaluated by ultrasound on both sides in 50 volunteers (25 males, 25 females). By means of ultrasound, the notch width, the notch depth and the distance between the skin and the notch base (skin–notch base interval) were measured and imaging of the superior transverse scapular ligament was attempted. Furthermore, imaging of the suprascapular artery and vein was performed by Doppler ultrasound. On the measurements performed, the notch was found to be deeper in men than in women on both the right ( P = 0.022) and the left ( P = 0.011) sides. Taking all volunteers into account without grouping sex, no differences were detected between the two sides with respect to the measurements of the notch width, notch depth and distance between the skin and the notch base. The superior transverse scapular ligament was demonstrated in 48 (96%) of 50 volunteers. On color Doppler ultrasound, the artery–vein complex was visualized in a total of 43 (86%) volunteers. Suprascapular notch measurements and the visualization of the anatomical neighborhood, which may be beneficial for the suprascapular nerve blockade procedure, can be successfully performed by the use of high-frequency ultrasound imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to determine and compare the orbital Doppler ultrasonography parameters of patients with Behçet''s disease (with or without ocular involvement) with those of healthy subjects. We evaluated ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery (PCA), central retinal vein, and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) flow velocities and resistance indices (RIs). Detection of the decreased flow velocities in the OA and SOV and the increased RI in the OA and PCA might allow the identification of active period of patients with Behçet''s disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Radionuclide renography with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition plays an important role in the diagnosis of haemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis. Angiotensin receptor antagonists inhibit the renin angiotensin system at different levels from ACE inhibitors by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors. The AT1 angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan has recently been used clinically in the treatment of hypertension. However, the available data on the use of losartan with renography for the detection of renovascular hypertension are limited and contradictory. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the effectiveness of losartan renography and captopril scintigraphy in revealing renal artery stenosis. Methods: A total of 61 renal units in 32 patients with hypertension were studied in two groups based on the losartan dosage (50 mg in group A and 100 mg in group B). Group A consisted of 17 patients, in whom 19 renal units had angiographically proven renal artery stenosis (⩾50%). In group B, there were 15 patients, in whom 20 renal arteries were stenotic. All of the patients underwent three renographies (baseline, captopril renography and early losartan renography). Early losartan renography was performed at 1 h after oral losartan administration in both groups. In group B, seven patients underwent additional losartan renography (late losartan) performed 3 h after oral losartan administration; these patients composed group B1. Results: The sensitivities of captopril and losartan studies were 63.2% and 42% in group A, 65% and 65% in group B and 55.6% and 66.6% in group B1, respectively. Conclusion: From our preliminary results, we conclude that losartan is not superior to captopril renography for the detection of haemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis. However, a high dose (100 mg) of losartan provided higher sensitivity than the lower dose (50 mg). Late losartan scintigraphy provided similar diagnostic efficacy to early losartan renography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective comparison of different direct and indirect Doppler parameters with angiography was performed to determine the most useful Doppler parameters and threshold values for the detection of significant (≥60%) renal artery stenosis (RAS). The best combination of parameters was found to be the use of direct parameters of peak systolic velocity (PSV) greater than 180 or 200 cm/s and renal aortic ratio (RAR) greater than 3.0 with a sensitivity and specificity at 92% and 88%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is a rare disease and characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, convulsions, contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesia, and mental retardation. Etiology of DDMS has been postulated to be variable in patients with being congenital or acquired. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a Thirty seven-years-old male patient with complaints of recurrent, treatment-resistant epileptic seizures and visual problems.). MRI showed diffuse cerebral atrophy (hemiatrophy) on the left side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intradural lipomas are congenital benign tumors. They are frequently seen with spinal dysraphism. On the other hand, isolated intradural lipoma is rare. In our case, a mass compliant with 37x16 mm intradural lipoma in spinal cord posterior at sub thoracal level determined in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) administered in a 18 year-old male patient who applied with pain complaints in back and legs. In this case presentation, MRI findings of the patient was compared with literature and treatment options are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a successful technique in the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. An 82-year-old male patient suspected of acute pancreatitis refused to undergo intravenous contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography due to a history of previous allergic reactions to contrast medium. He was imaged with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging without the use of oral or intravenous contrast material. Diffuse hyperintensity in the pancreas with a relevant apparent diffusion coefficient map showing diffuse hypointensity was demonstrated. The findings were interpreted as restricted diffusion and were diagnostic for acute pancreatitis. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, an imaging modality that does not involve ionizing radiation and does not require the use of contrast material, can successfully demonstrate the manifestations of acute pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]