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BACKGROUND: Diabetic hand syndrome is a frequent complication and is little valued by health personnel. Classically it is described as osteoarticular abnormalities related to long-standing diabetes, poor metabolic control, and microvascular complications. However, other disorders, such as skin involvement, infection of the hand and entrapment of peripheral nerves are part of this illness. CLINICAL CASE: A 66-year-old man, with a history of long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus, undergoing intensive insulin therapy, consulted for presenting non-painful blisters on the fingers and palms of both hands, associated with weakness, changes in sensitivity and rigidity of the same. He had microvascular complications due to nephropathy, retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, his glycated hemoglobin was 10.9%. Physical examination documented semiological findings compatible with diabetic bullosis and diabetic cheiroarthropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoarticular, dermatological and neuropathic involvement of the hand should be recognized by health personnel as a specific complication of long-standing diabetes. Its early detection is of great value to prevent its progression and guide the search for microvascular complications. The diagnosis of this entity is clinical; therefore, it is advisable to carry out a routine evaluation of the hands of the diabetic patient, in order to install multidisciplinary management that will improve the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect hematopoietic stem cells, which are related to an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Its clinical presentation is highly variable and should be suspected in the presence of persistent cytopenias without clear cause. The cornerstone of the diagnosis is bone marrow biopsy, where dysplastic changes in one or more cell lines, the presence of ringed sideroblasts, the number of blasts and the cytogenetic study make it possible to classify this disease in six different subtypes. Currently, several scores are available to estimate the prognosis leading to an appropriate choice of treatment based on survival and the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. This work updates the available literature regarding diagnosis, classification, prognosis systems and treatment of the myelodysplastic syndromes with the objective of providing the non-hematologist with tools that allow early detection and directing the hematologist to a timely treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]