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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have found extensive application in the biomedical domain due to their enhanced biocompatibility, minimal toxicity, and strong magnetic responsiveness. MNPs exhibit great potential as nanomaterials in various biomedical applications, including disease detection and cancer therapy. Typically, MNPs consist of a magnetic core surrounded by surface modification coatings, such as inorganic materials, organic molecules, and polymers, forming a nucleoshell structure that mitigates nanoparticle agglomeration and enhances targeting capabilities. Consequently, MNPs exhibit magnetic responsiveness in vivo for transportation and therapeutic effects, such as enhancing medical imaging resolution and localized heating at the site of injury. MNPs are utilized for specimen purification through targeted binding and magnetic separation in vitro, thereby optimizing efficiency and expediting the process. This review delves into the distinctive functional characteristics of MNPs as well as the diverse bioactive molecules employed in their surface coatings and their corresponding functionalities. Additionally, the advancement of MNPs in various applications is outlined. Additionally, we discuss the advancements of magnetic nanoparticles in medical imaging, disease treatment, and in vitro assays, and we anticipate the future development prospects and obstacles in this field. The objective is to furnish readers with a thorough comprehension of the recent practical utilization of MNPs in biomedical disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The back contact point of the solar cell was optimized by adjusting the laser aperture ratio and the virtual-to-real ratio. • By reducing the area of the laser-opened busbar, the carrier recombination of the solar cell is reduced and the V oc of the cell is increased. • We found that laser drilling can cause an increase in the resistance of the back line. In this paper we investigate the effect of the opening ratio and the back layout design on the electrical performance of the solar cell. First, the point contact solar cells are optimized by adjusting the laser opening ratio and the virtual-to-real ratio on each grid line of back side. The experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage (V oc) of the solar cell increases as the opening ratio decreases. Analysis of the PL images also shows that the damage to the passivation layer causes the V oc to drop. By characterizing the resistance of the back line, we found that laser drilling can cause an increase in the resistance of the back line. This can also lead to the FF loss. Then, by reducing the contact area of the bus-bar at the backside, the carrier recombination of the solar cell is reduced and the V oc of the cell is increased, resulting in a 0.07% increase in cell efficiency. Finally, the simulation shows that the openings lead to an increase in the recombination current (J 01) at the base of the cell, which affects the efficiency of the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The IKBKE has been proven to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by our group. The objective of the recent study is to investigate the contribution of IKBKE functional variants (rs2297550) to SLE. Methods: We detected the regulatory effect of rs2297550 on IKBKE expression by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study. Then, we investigated the differences of IKBKE mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between 135 SLE patients and 130 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We further analyzed the association of SLE clinical characteristics with IKBKE mRNA expression and rs2297550 polymorphisms. Results: The results of eQTL indicated the genotype "GG" of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2297550 was associated with lower expression levels of IKBKE (P = 0.022) in normal controls. Compared with the healthy control group, the expression levels of IKBKE mRNA in patients with SLE were significantly decreased (P = 2.32 × 10−12). In clinical characteristics, we found that IKBKE mRNA expression levels were associated with vasculitis (P = 0.015) and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.021) in SLE patients. Conclusion: In this study, we not only detected that the variant rs2297550 of IKBKE may be closely related to SLE, but also proposed functional hypotheses for the association signals. Key Points • The rs2297550 is located in a region with transcriptional regulatory function and may regulate the expression of IKBKE via these regulatory elements. • The genotype "GG" of SNP rs2297550 was associated with lower expression levels of IKBKE. • The expression of IKBKE mRNA was decreased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. • IKBKE contributes to the clinical characteristics of SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical properties of a Tm-doped LaF 3 single crystal have been detailed investigated as a promising material for ∼1.84 μm lasers for the first time. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to analyze the absorption spectrum. With the J-O intensity parameters Ω t ( t = 2 , 4 , 6 ) , the emission probabilities, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes for the as-grown crystal were all calculated. The stimulated emission cross-section of the 3 F 4 → 3 H 6 transition was obtained by using the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The gain cross-section for ∼1.84 μm emission becomes positive once the population inversion level reaches 30%. The fluorescence lifetime of the 3 F 4 manifold was measured to be 15.56 ms. Potential utility of the Tm:LaF 3 crystal as laser active material at ∼1.84 μm can be expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four Er-doped LiYF 4 crystals with different Er-concentrations were grown by Czochralski method. The laser crystals were characterized by measurements of ICP-AES, XRD, absorption spectra, up-conversion fluorescence spectra, near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (Mid-IR) fluorescence spectra, as well as luminescence decays. It was found that the heavily 15 at% Er-doped YLF crystal is more proper in up-conversion or ∼3 μm laser applications; while the 5 at% Er-doped YLF is a better candidate for ∼1.5 μm lasers within these four crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Yb 3+ doped LaF 3 laser crystal was detailed investigated by both spectroscopic and thermal measurements. A peak absorption at 974 nm with FWHM broader than 60 nm makes the crystal suitable to InGaAs LDs. Fluorescence spectrum and calculated spectroscopic parameters show potential of Yb:LaF 3 crystal to laser operations around 1009 nm. A relatively long fluorescence lifetime of 2.92 ms was detected for Yb 3+ : 2 F 5/2 manifold. The thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity in the range of 300–575 K were studied to calculate the thermal conductivity of Yb:LaF 3 . The results indicate that the Yb:LaF 3 crystal is a good candidate for diode-pumped ∼1 μm solid-state laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical properties of a Ho-doped LaF 3 single crystal have been detailed investigated as a promising material for 2 μm and 2.9 μm lasers for the first time. Judd–Ofelt theory was applied to analyze the absorption spectrum to determine the J–O intensity parameters Ω t ( t =2,4,6) , based on which the emission probabilities, branching ratio and radiative lifetime for the as-grown crystal were all calculated. The stimulated emission cross-sections of the 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 and 5 I 6 → 5 I 7 transitions were obtained by using the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg method. The gain cross-section for 2 μm emission becomes positive once the population inversion level reaches 30%. The Ho:LaF 3 crystal shows long fluorescence lifetime of 5 I 7 manifold (25.81 ms) as well as 5 I 6 manifold (10.37 ms) compared with other Ho 3+ -doped crystals. It can be proposed that the Ho:LaF 3 crystal may be a promising material for 2 μm and 2.9 μm laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Nd-doped LaF 3 crystal was grown by Czochralski method, and the rocking curves of (0 0 2) and (1 1 0) diffraction planes show good crystallinity quality of the as-grown crystal. Room-temperature fluorescence spectrum and transmittance spectrum of Nd:LaF 3 crystal were investigated, both indicating probable dual-wavelength emissions at ∼1.04 μm and ∼1.06 μm. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of Nd:LaF 3 crystal were detailed studied. Cw dual-wavelength laser operation of Nd:LaF 3 single crystal at 1040 nm and around 1065 nm with LD pumping was demonstrated. A maximum output power of 302 mW was obtained with a slope efficiency of about 18.5% with respect to the pump power. The results of our study indicate the Nd:LaF 3 crystal a promising laser crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel metallized silver paste with a capillary suspension structure has been developed for use in the front of solar cells. It is suitable for screen printing and laser pattern transfer technology. • In comparison to previous transfer results, it has a larger aspect ratio of 0.63. In contrast to the conventional commercial silver paste, the transfer power is diminished by 80–100 W. • The silver paste in question exhibits higher J sc and lower line resistance in actual production. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the cells exhibit enhanced electrical performance. With the increase in the use of crystalline silicon solar cells, it is necessary for solar cells to achieve finer and higher pre-metallization finger lines. The application of capillary suspension can alter the paste from a weakly elastic state to a highly elastic or even gel-like behavior. The preparation of a frontal silver paste based on a capillary suspension is beneficial in adjusting the rheological properties of the silver paste over a wider range. Two distinct printing methods were employed: screen-printing and laser-pattern transfer printing (PTP). Combined with the results of material, rheology and printing, the optimization of capillary suspended silver paste was explored. This article mainly introduces the elements of silver paste formation in capillary suspension and the effects of PTP technology. The metalized finger line achieved an aspect ratio of 0.63 and a transfer yield of 96 % through PTP. Compared to commercial silver paste for comparison, the transfer power is reduced by 80–100 W while achieving good transfer. It reduces the line resistance of the cell and increases the short-circuit current density (J sc). Following the simulation of the electrical performance of the cells' post-transfer, there was observed to be an improvement in J sc , V oc , and Eta in comparison to the performance of commercial silver paste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Ho:PbF 2 crystal was grown successfully by the conventional technique modified Bridgman method. Based on the Judd–Ofelt theory, the spectral parameters of Ho 3+ were studied in detail by using the absorption spectrum of the as-grown crystal. Moreover, the emission probabilities, branching ratio, and radiative lifetime for the as grown crystal were also calculated. The stimulated emission cross-sections of the 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 transition were calculated by using the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg (FL) method. The fluorescence lifetime of the 5 I 7 manifold was measured with a value of 13.6 ms. We propose that the Ho:PbF 2 crystal may be a promising material for 2 μm laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Dy:LaF 3 crystal was grown successfully by the Bridgman method, and X-ray diffraction results show that it is well-crystallized. The room temperature absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence decay curves were measured. On the basis of J-O theory, the emission probabilities, branching ratios, and the radiation lifetimes of the 4 F 9/2 and 6 H 13/2 manifolds were calculated. The stimulated emission cross-sections of the 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 13/2 transition (∼570 nm) and the 6 H 13/2  →  6 H 15/2 transition (∼2.86  μ m ) were obtained by the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4 F 9/2 and 6 H 13/2 manifolds are 1.37 ms and 9.73 ms, respectively. All these results were first investigated, indicating the Dy:LaF 3 crystal a promising material for 570 nm and 2.86  μ m laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly transparent Tb 3− x Re x Ga 5 O 12 (RE=Ce, Pr and Nd) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The optical and magneto-optical properties of Tb 3− x Re x Ga 5 O 12 were analyzed in detailed. Tb 3− x Re x Ga 5 O 12 exhibited very high transmittance in the visible-near infrared region (VIS–NIR). The absorption coefficient and Faraday rotation spectrum were investigated at VIS–NIR region at room temperature. The remarkable higher Verdet constants (V) and figure of merit showed superior characteristics of Tb 3− x Re x Ga 5 O 12 compared to that of Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 (TGG). We also investigated the thermal conductivity and laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the crystals. The superior performance of the materials indicate that Tb 3− x Re x Ga 5 O 12 have great potential to meet the increasing demand for magneto-optical devices in the VIS–NIR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectroscopic characterization and energy transfer mechanism of iron-chromium co-doped ZnSe polycrystalline (Cr,Fe:ZnSe) were reported with dimension of 15 mm × 15 mm × 2 mm obtained by controlled post-growth thermal diffusion method. The infrared absorption is characterized by a strong broad-band centered at 1770 nm which can be attributed to the only spin-allowed transition 5 T 2 → 5 E within the 3d 4 shell of Cr 2+ ions. Photoluminescence spectrum shows a relatively strong broad emission band centered at 4.1 μm with a width of 0.8 μm (FWHM) under 1770 nm excitation at room temperature and reveals effective Cr 2+ → Fe 2+ energy transfer process. Room temperature photoluminescence decay about 8 μs was measured. All the results indicate that Cr,Fe:ZnSe could achieve laser operation at 3.7–4.5 μm via Cr 2+ → Fe 2+ energy transfer using a more convenient laser pump source in the near IR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High optical quality Tb 3−x Nd x Ga 5 O 12 (TNGG) single crystal has been grown by Czochralski technique. The absorption spectrum in the wavelength range of 300–1600 nm has been measured at room temperature, as well as the weak absorption at 1064 nm, and the spectral characteristics were analyzed in detailed. Results show a superior transparency in the near-infrared region. Thermal conductivity and laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) measurements were carried out to check its potential usage. Magnetic properties of the as-grown crystal were studied and showed paramagnetism. The magneto-optical properties were studied and the specific Faraday rotation of the as-grown crystal was measured at 1064 nm wavelength. The Verdet constant and magneto-optical figures of merit (V/α) calculated are 41 rad m −1 T −1 and 2.56 × 10 2 rad/T at 1064 nm, which are both larger than that of commercial TGG (2.44 × 10 2 rad/T). The results indicated that the TNGG shows a superior properties than that the commercial TGG and could be a promising candidate magneto-optical material in the wavelength of 900–1450 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb 3− x Nd x Ga 5 O 12 single crystal with dimension of Φ22 mm × 28 mm and a good optical quality was grown by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction was carried out and lattice parameters were calculated, which showed that the single crystal belongs to cubic crystal system. The transmission spectrum in the wavelength range of 450–1500 nm, which indicated the crystal has low absorption coefficient at 900–1450 nm. The Verdet constants of Tb 3− x Nd x Ga 5 O 12 at 532, 633 and 1064 nm wavelengths calculated by the extinction method are 225, 145 and 41 radm −1 T −1 , respectively, which are larger than that of commercial TGG (Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) reported. The magneto-optical figures of merit of the crystal calculated is 3162°/dB at 1064 nm, and the extinction ratio is larger than that of commercial TGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature optical absorption, emission spectrum of GdVO 4 : Dy 3+ crystal grown by Czochralski (CZ) method were measured and analyzed. Spectral parameters were calculated in the framework of the Judd–Ofelt theory. The GdVO 4 : Dy 3+ crystal showed two intense and relatively broad absorption bands in UV wavelength range centered at 390 and 453 nm and two prominent emission peaks located at blue 485 and yellow 575 nm. The corresponding absorption and emission cross sections were estimated and the luminescence decay curve was analyzed. Optical spectroscopy investigations indicate that GdVO 4 : Dy 3+ crystal would be a promising blue and yellow solid state laser material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of Er: LiNbO 3 and Er/Yb: LiNbO 3 co-doped with and without Mg 2+ ion were successfully prepared. The quality of the as-grown crystals were characterized. Yb 3+ was demonstrated to increase an absorption efficiency at the range of 900-1000 nm. The use of Mg 2+ codoping for enhancement of the Er 3+ : 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 1.54 μ m emissions were investigated. It was found that Mg 2+ ion greatly increased Er 3+ 1.54 μ m emission by increasing nonradiative relaxation rate of 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 transition of Er 3+ ion in Mg/Er/Yb: LiNbO 3 crystal. The Mg 2+ codoping also resulted in lengthening the lifetime of the 4 I 13/2 multiplet by 9% for the Mg/Yb/Er: LiNbO 3 crystal when compared with the Yb/Er: LiNbO 3 crystal. The nonradiative relaxation rate of 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 transition of Er 3+ ion increases from 935 s -1 in Er/Yb: LiNbO 3 crystal to 1040 s -1 in Mg/Er/Yb: LiNbO 3 crystal. It was also found that the intensity of maximum phonon energy of Er: LiNbO 3 at 872 cm -1 significantly strengthen by introducing the Mg 2+ ion, leading to a more favourable condition for the nonradiative relaxation of 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 transition in Er 3+ ion. We propose that the Mg/Er/Yb: LiNbO 3 crystal may be a promising material for 1.54 μ m laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a newly discovered posttranslational modification. Although this modification is an important type of protein acylation, its role in psoriasis remains unstudied. We compared lesional and nonlesional psoriasis skin samples from 45 psoriasis patients. The result showed that this highly conserved modification was found in large quantities in both normal and diseased dermal tissues. However, there were a number of clear and significant differences between normal and diseased skin tissue. By comparing, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation was upregulated at 94 sites in 72 proteins and downregulated at 51 sites in 44 proteins in lesional skin. In particular, the sites with the most significant downregulation of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation were found in S100A9 (ratio = 0.140, p -value =.000371), while the most upregulated site was found in tenascin (ratio = 3.082, p-value =.0307). Loci associated with psoriasis, including FUBP1, SERPINB2 and S100A9, also exhibited significant regulation. Analyses of proteome data revealed that SERPINB2 and S100A9 were differentially expressed proteins. And bioinformatics analysis suggest that the P13K-Akt signaling pathway was more enriched with lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in lesional psoriasis skin. Our study revealed that lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is broadly present in psoriasis skin, suggesting that this modification plays a role in psoriasis pathogenesis. A newly discovered protein posttranslational modification, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, has been found to occur in a wide variety of organisms and to participate in some important metabolic processes. In this study, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in lesional psoriasis skin and nonlesional psoriasis skin was quantified and compared for the first time. We found a number of differentially modified proteins and sites in our comparisons. Interestingly, some of the identified proteins and pathways with significantly different modifications, such as S100A9 and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, have been previously reported to be associated with psoriasis. We hope that this research will provide new insights into psoriasis. Unlabelled Image • For the first time, the occurrence of K hib in skin tissues from patients with psoriasis was quantified and detected. • Significant differences in K hib between lesional psoriasis skin and nonlesional psoriasis skin were found. • Many of the differentially modified proteins we found have previously been reported to be associated with psoriasis. • The results of this study will provide new insights for studies on psoriasis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]