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The main purpose of this article is to show that every commuting Jordan derivation on triangular rings (unital or not) is identically zero. Using this result, we prove that if is a -torsion free ring that is either semiprime or satisfies Condition (P), then, under certain conditions, every commuting Jordan derivation of into itself is identically zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluation is recognized as one of the effective factors in forming how students learn in higher education and the quality of learning outcomes is associated with the quality of student evaluation. Formative evaluation leads learners to increase their learning and ultimately results in appropriate achievements to learners, including creativity, confidence and motivation needed for academic success. This study aimed at investigating the impact of formative evaluation on applying self-regulation learning strategies by students. Method: This quasi-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 undergraduate nursing students. A formative exam was performed for the experimental group at the end of each month. The control group was only subjected to the final exam. The use of self-regulation learning strategies was assessed before and after the intervention in two groups with Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) developed by Pintrich & De Groot. Finally the collected data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean use of self-regulation strategies in the control group in pre and post-test phases (76.79±8.13 vs. 77.17±3.33, p=0.921), however the experimental group showed a significant increase in the mean use of self-regulation strategies after the intervention (94.26±6.44 vs. 77.26±9.78, p>0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of two groups before the intervention (p=0.89), whereas it was significant after the intervention (p> 0.001). Conclusion: Formative evaluation can significantly increase the use of self-regulation learning strategies in students. In addition to its crucial effectiveness for students' readiness to take the final exam, it can promote their independent and self-directed learning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to characterize Jordan two-sided centralizers, Jordan centralizers and related maps on triangular rings without identity. As an application of our main theorem, we characterize Jordan generalized derivations on triangular rings. Precisely, we prove that every Jordan generalized derivation on a triangular ring is a two-sided generalized derivation. As consequences, and apart from proving the other results, many known theorems can be either generalized or deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventional studies are necessary to gain new knowledge in medical sciences; they can also be associated with several risks and impose high costs on patients and healthy people, and ethical considerations must be considered, as well. Understanding the ethical challenges and issues of interventional studies is essential. Using placebo, ethical consent, and clinical trials in specific groups are some of these challenges. This systematic review study was conducted to determine ethical considerations in interventional studies with an emphasis on the four ethical principles, including autonomy, non-maleficence principle, beneficence, and justice. Researchers in interventional studies should pay attention to ethics and take the necessary steps in line with these four biological principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a unital, complex normed *-algebra with the identity element e such that the set of all algebraic elements of A is norm dense in the set of all self-adjoint elements of A and let / be sequences of continuous linear mappings on A satisfying ... for all projections p of A and all nonnegative integers n. Moreover, suppose that D0(p) = D0(p)² holds for all projections p of A. Then ... for all n ∈ N, where Cn denotes the nth Catalan number and ... and LΔ0(e)(a) = Δ0(e)a for all a ∈ A. Using this result, we present a characterization of left τ-centralizers satisfying a certain recursive relation. In addition, a characterization of generalized higher derivations is presented. Moreover, we show that higher derivations, prime higher derivations, left higher derivations, and σ -derivations are zero under certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a unital semiprime, complex normed *-algebra and let f, g, h : A → A be linear mappings such that f and g + h are continuous. Under certain conditions, we prove that if f (p o p) = g(p) o p + p o h(p) holds for any projection p of A, then f and g + h are two-sided generalized derivations, where a o b = ab + ba. We present some consequences of this result. Moreover, we show that if A is a semiprime algebra with the unit element e and n > 1 is an integer such that the linear mappings f, g : A → A satisfy f (xn) = ∑j=1n xn-j g(x)xj-1 for all x ∈ A and further g(e) ∈ Z(A), then f and g are two-sided generalized derivations associated with the same derivation. Also, we show that if A is a unital, semiprime Banach algebra and F,G : A → A are linear mappings satisfying F(b) = -bG(b-1)b for all invertible elements b ∈ A, then F and G are two-sided generalized derivations. Some other related results are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to prove the following result: For integers m, n with m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0, and m+n 6 ≠ 0, let R be an (m+n+2) l-torsion free prime ring with the identity element e. Suppose that d, σ : R → R are two additive mappings such that σ is a monomorphism with σ(e) = e, and d(R) ⊆ (R). If d and σ satisfy both of the equations d(xy)(σ(z)--z)--d(x)( σ(yz)--σ(y)z) + σ(xy)d(z)--σ(x)(d(yz)--d(y)z) = 0 and d(xm+n+1) = (m + n + 1) σ (xm)d(x)σ(xn) for all x, y, z ∈ R, then d is a σ-derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the application of semi-active control strategies has gained much attention as a way to reduce the seismic response of civil infrastructures. However, uncertainty in the modeling process of systems with possible partial or total failure during an earthquake is the main concern of engineers about the reliability of this strategy. In this regard, adaptive control algorithms are known as an effective solution to adjust control parameters with different uncertainties. In the current study, the efficiency of the simple adaptive control method (SACM) is investigated to control the seismic response of building structures in the presence of unknown structural damage and fault in the sensors. The method is evaluated in 20-story steel moment resisting frames with different arrangement of smart dampers and sensors with various damage and fault scenarios. The results show that the SACM control system can effectively reduce the maximum inter-story drift of the structure in all different assumed magnetorheological damper arrangements. Furthermore, combination of a Kalman–Bucy filter with the SACM improves robustness of the controller to the uncertainties of sensors faults and damages of structural elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cementitious binders are porous materials with significant portlandite content. Potentially, this portlandite content can react with CO 2 and form carbonate compounds with binding ability. Using molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory, in this paper the kinetics of CO 2 inside the portlandite pores were studied. The results indicate that the larger dry pores within the portlandite-enriched binder matrix are the most effective at enabling the passage and adsorption of CO2 molecules. Also the pores smaller than 21 Å are capable of adsorbing CO2 on the surface of portlandite, leading to the formation of CaCO 3. Two main attraction forces between Ca(portlandite) O(calcite) and O(portlandite) H(calcite) pair the newly formed Ca(OH) 2 matrix and CaCO 3 walls together, with the Ca O providing the majority of binding energy. The existence of these attractions enhances the mechanical cohesion as the sliding resistance between portlandite, the main body of the pores, and the calcite, the carbonation product, reaches as high as 1.7 GPa in theory. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The simple adaptive control (SAC) method is known as a remarkable solution to reduce the negative influence of different uncertainties on active control of building structures during an earthquake. The design parameters of this direct adaptive control algorithm are determined after a large number of sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, the selected parameters will not necessarily lead a controller to the optimum performance of the structure. Herein, an innovative online self‐tuning method is firstly introduced to improve the SAC method and cancel out excessive sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, a fuzzy inference system is designed to select the appropriate SAC method, adjusting parameters online instead of using fixed parameters. To show the efficiency of the introduced method, a 20‐story steel building structure equipped with magnetorheological dampers in each story is considered as a benchmark control. The performance of the designed control system is evaluated in different condition of base excitation with and without uncertainty in the model of the proposed structure. The results from the numerical simulations show that the introduced method has better performance than the SAC method with fixed adjusting parameters. The predominance of the method becomes clearer when an input ground motion to the control system has completely different characteristics than the initial designed seismic excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove that every rank one cubic derivation on a unital integral domain is identically zero. From this conclusion, under certain conditions, we achieve that the image of a cubic derivation on a commutative algebra is contained in the Jacobson radical of algebra. As the main result of the current study, we prove that every cubic derivation on a finite dimensional algebra, under some circumstances, is identically zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an attempt to prove the following result: Suppose that R is a 2-torsion free prime ring and Φ : R × R → R is a left two variable σ -derivation such that σ is a monomorphism, Φ ( R × R ) ⊆ σ ( R ) , and [ σ ( b ) − b , x ] = 0 for all b ∈ I and x ∈ R , where I is an arbitrary fixed non-zero ideal of R . Moreover, assume that I ⊆ σ ( I ) or σ ( I ) is an ideal of R . If [ σ ( a ) , Φ ( a , x ) ] ∈ Z ( R ) for all a ∈ I and x ∈ R , then either R is commutative or Φ is zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a uniformly mean value Banach algebra (brie y UMV-Banach algebra) is defined as a new class of Banach algebras, and we characterize derivations on this class of Banach algebras. Indeed, it is proved that if A is a unital UMV-Banach algebra such that either a = 0 or b = 0 whenever ab = 0 in A, and if δ : A → A is a derivation such that aδ(a) = δ(a)a for all a 2 A, then the following assertions are equivalent: (i) δ is continuous; (ii) δ(δa) = eaδ(a) for all a ∈ A; (iii) δ is identically zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a signal transduction pathway that plays a critical role in cell growth and survival. Its dysregulation is related to various cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. There is currently no vaccine or definitive treatment for ATLL. This research aimed to identify the JNK-MAPK pathway checkpoints to identify possible therapeutic targets using Boolean network analysis. First, the genes involved in the JNK pathway and their interactions were identified and mapped. Next, a Boolean network analysis was performed using the R programming language, which suggested protein kinase B (AKT) and MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) for further evaluation. Finally, to confirm the effect of these two genes, a clinical study was conducted among ATLL patients and healthy individuals. The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the expression of AKT and MKP in ATLL patients compared to normal controls. This highlights the potential role of these two genes as potential therapeutic targets in ATLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: HTLV-1 is responsible for two important diseases, HAM/TSP and ATLL. Approximately 10 to 20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. Identifying altered genes in different cancers is crucial for finding potential treatment strategies. One of the proteins of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway is MEK1, which is made from the MAP2K1 gene. The effects of the MAP2K1 gene on the MAPK signaling pathway are not yet fully elucidated. The current study aims to determine the MAP2K1 gene mutations and the level of MAP2K1 gene expression in ATLL patients compared to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Ten ATLL and 10 healthy control individuals were investigated in this study. We used ELISA test to screen anti-HTLV-I antibodies and PCR for confirmation of infection. Then, we extracted total RNA from fresh whole blood, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression levels of the MAP2K1 gene were examined by qRT-PCR, and to check possible mutations in the MAP2K1 gene; all samples were sequenced and analyzed by BioEdite Software. Results: MAP2K1 gene expression in the ATLL group was significantly higher than in the healthy control (P=0.001). The mutational sequencing analysis showed nucleotide 212 (SR) change and identification mutations at different nucleotides that were entirely different from the nucleotide mutations defined in the UniProt database. Conclusion: These results could be a perspective in the prevention, prognosis, and targeted treatment of diseases in which the MAP2K1 gene plays a vital role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane technology with low carbon emissions and environmental footprint is widely used in environmental and energy applications. Developing membranes with adaptive filtering and chemical/molecular species selective transport functionalities are essential for widening their practical use. This research explores a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) membrane via post-synthetic modification, forming a network of ionic channels with large carboxylic functional groups that exhibit smart ion permeability and selectivity. Ion-selective performance of the new MOF-based membrane can be affected by the ionic environments they are exposed to and is modulated by the activation of specific ions. The experimental results assess the effects of different ionic activators, including Mg2+ and K+ ions, respectively, on ion-selective transport in artificial subnanometer channels of UiO-66-(COONa) 2 membranes in single-component or multi-component systems. Pre-activated membranes exhibit excellent Li+/Mg2+ selectivity, including Li+/Mg2+ of 468.8 ± 36.3 with Mg2+-activated membrane and Li+/Mg2+ of 331.31 ± 14.04 with K+-activated membrane at a high salinity of 0.5 M Mg2+ and 0.01 M K+, Na+, Li+. Molecular dynamics simulations further assess ion-selective transport behaviors in different ionic activated channels. This work opens a new way for programmable materials designs and energy-efficient and sustainable separation technology developments for lithium recovery in the mineral and energy industries. UiO-66-(COONa) 2 membranes with large carboxylic functional groups exhibit smart ion permeability and selectivity. Their ion-selective performance can be modulated by the activation of specific ions (Mg2+ or K+ ions). The experimental and modeling results on the effect of different salt environments are reported. Pre-activated membranes exhibit excellent Li+/Mg2+ selectivity at a high salinity of 0.5 M Mg2+. This membrane with adaptive filtering is essential for lithium recovery from brines in the mineral and energy industries. [Display omitted] • UiO-66-(COONa) 2 membranes with cation-tunable charged pores are fabricated via facile post-synthetic modification. • Ionic channels with large carboxylic groups exhibit smart ion permeability and selectivity by modulating ionic activators. • Mg2+-activated membranes exhibit excellent Li+/Mg2+ selectivity at a high salinity of 0.5 M Mg2+ and 0.01 M K+, Na+, Li+. • Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates tunable ionic channels can efficiently select targeted ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adult T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of T-cells in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and a high mortality rate. Considering the emerging roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various malignancies, the analysis of high-throughput miRNA data employing computational algorithms helps to identify potential biomarkers. Methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was utilized to analyze miRNA microarray data from ATLL and healthy uninfected samples. To identify miRNAs involved in the progression of ATLL, module preservation analysis was used. Subsequently, based on the target genes of the identified miRNAs, the STRING database was employed to construct protein–protein interaction networks (PPIN). Real-time quantitative PCR was also performed to validate the expression of identified hub genes in the PPIN network. Results: After constructing co-expression modules and then performing module preservation analysis, four out of 15 modules were determined as ATLL-specific modules. Next, the hub miRNA including hsa-miR-18a-3p, has-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-196a-3p, and hsa-miR-346 were found as hub miRNAs. The protein–protein interaction networks were constructed for the target genes of each hub miRNA and hub genes were identified. Among them, UBB, RPS15A, and KMT2D were validated by Reverse-transcriptase PCR in ATLL patients. Conclusion: The results of the network analysis of miRNAs and their target genes revealed the major players in the pathogenesis of ATLL. Further studies are required to confirm the role of these molecular factors and to discover their potential benefits as treatment targets and diagnostic biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of temporary life support, to aid respiratory and/or cardiac function, which diverts venous blood through an extracorporeal circuit and returns it to the body after gas exchange through a semipermeable membrane. It may be used for oxygenation, carbon dioxide removal, and hemodynamic support. ECMO has been available to patients in Iran for only about 4 years. Because nurses do not widely use ECMO in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), for many it is still a unique experience and more needs to be understood about that experience in order to support nurses in that role. Aim: This study aimed to explore Iranian nurses' experience of caring for patients receiving ECMO. Methods: This interpretive phenomenological study was conducted in Iran in 2019. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Farsi to collect data from 18 nurses who had cared for patients receiving ECMO. The interviews continued until data saturation, and thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Results: Following thematic analysis, three main themes of "running on a suspension bridge," "sense of duality," and "bewilderment in the mirage of hope," and with seven sub‐themes, emerged. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is proposed that caring for patients receiving ECMO is a source of emotional turmoil for nurses. Nurses are constantly thinking about whether their patients receiving ECMO are recovering or dying, and the nature of this care may lead to stress and burnout. Therefore, it is recommended that these nurses receive counselling and psychological support. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nurses are able to provide comprehensive and holistic patient care when they enjoy good physical and mental health themselves. To prevent distress in nurses and to provide safe care for the patient receiving ECMO, provision of psychological support for these nurses is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to investigating some system of mixed coupled generalized Sylvester operator equations. The block operator matrix decomposition is used to find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability to these systems. The solutions of the system are expressed in terms of the Moore{Penrose inverses of the coefficient operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]