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Herein, a fast and efficient method for enhancement of nitrogen content in fullerene soot up to 21.44 wt.% via catalytic and noncatalytic radical decarboxylative coupling reactions with 4-nitrobenzoic acid under mild microwave irradiation is developed. The experiments are performed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or NMP/H2O solution containing an oxidant among K2S2O8, (NH4)2S2O8, Oxone, KMnO4, MnO2, CrO3, K2Cr2O7, ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO). The several unimetallic and bimetallic salts of Cu, Ag, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, Cr, Pd, Cu/Pd, Ag/Cu, Ag/Pb, Ag/Pd, Cr/Ag and Cr/Pd are examined as catalysts. The morphological and textural features as well as thermal behavior of the prepared samples are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping (SEM/EDS-Map), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetry analysis differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). XRD patterns for most samples show a predominantly amorphous structure. The highest nitrogen content belongs to the sample prepared by CrO3. The nitrogen content is enhanced by the presence of Ag and Pd salts. Using NMP/H2O as solvent provides higher performance than NMP for enhancement of nitrogen content. The enhancement of nitrogen content reflects the increase of NO2 groups in the texture of fullerene soot detecting by FT-IR and TGA-DSC. The heat released from thermal decomposition of the prepared samples increases when transition metal catalysts are used in the preparation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is evidence to suggest that the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica plays a crucial role in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic/abiotic stressors, less is known about the impacts of this symbiosis association on root mucilage chemical composition and its physical functions. The mucilage of inoculated and non‐inoculated seedlings of four wheat cultivars (i.e., Roshan, Ghods, Kavir and Pishtaz) were extracted using an aeroponic method. Total solute concentration (TCm), carbon content (Cmucilage), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, fatty acids, surface tension (σm), and viscosity (ηm) of mucilage were measured. Ghods and Kavir had the highest and lowest root colonization percents, respectively. Saturated fatty acids, including palmitic and stearic acids, were dominant over unsaturated fatty acids in wheat root mucilage. However, their compositions were significantly different among wheat cultivars. S. indica colonization, especially for Ghods, increased the TCm, Cmucilage, and palmitic acid. Moreover, root mucilage of S. indica‐inoculated Ghods had lower σm and greater ηm. An increased amount of powerful surfactants like palmitic acid in the mucilage of S. indica inoculated treatments led to lower σm and greater ηm. Such studies provide further support for the idea that plant‐released mucilage plays a major role in modifying the physical environment of the rhizosphere. This knowledge toward truly understanding the rhizosphere can be potentially used for improving the rhizosphere soil quality and increasing crop growth and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential link between dysbiosis, features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammation, and sensation impairment has been recently recognized. However, in this context, there are few indications available regarding the effects of co‐supplementation with Bacillus indicus, Bacillus coagulans, and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotics on patients with MetS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic indices, inflammatory biomarkers, and appetite among adults with MetS. This study is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial conducted in the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center outpatient clinic in Isfahan, Iran. Fifty‐eight MetS patients were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) supplementation twice per day for 8 weeks. Finally, 55 patients were recruited for analyses (28 in the intervention group and 27 in the placebo group). Random permuted blocks and a computer‐generated random number table were used for treatment allocation. No adverse effects were reported during the study. There were no significant differences in glycemic indices and inflammatory markers within‐ and between groups (all p >.05). However, a significant increase in the sensation of fullness was documented in the synbiotic group. In conclusion, the eight‐week treatment did not improve glycemic control and inflammatory markers. Nevertheless, it demonstrated potential efficacy in enhancing participants' appetite sensations, warranting further evaluation in longer intervention periods during future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With extensive changes in educational environments, such as changes in students' needs, different teaching methods, changes in the characteristics of educational environments, and changes in teachers' demands, the need to acquire new knowledge is of great value and encourage teachers to actively participate in the yourself knowledge sharing process with colleagues seems essential, because acquiring new knowledge can have a positive effect on the level of learning, creativity, innovation, readiness for change and flexibility of teachers and increase their job success. But despite the many benefits inherent in knowledge sharing, many teachers refuse to share their knowledge with others. Hiding knowledge is a relatively common phenomenon in educational organizations and schools, which leaves destructive effects. For various reasons, teachers may not share the knowledge related to their job with other colleagues and in some cases, hide the knowledge from them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effective variables on reducing knowledge hiding in the organization. It is likely that variables such as psychological ownership of knowledge, altruistic behavior and intrinsic motivation are effective in increasing or decreasing knowledge hiding. Thus, the purpose of this research was the moderating role of altruism behavior and intrinsic motivation in effect of knowledge psychological ownership on knowledge hiding behavior in teachers. Methodology: Type of research, descriptive correlation and statistical population including teachers in Aran & Bidgol City that sample size was obtained equal to 250 people through the Monte Carlo model. The research tool included four questionnaires of psychological ownership of knowledge, altruism, internal motivation and knowledge hiding. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed as construct, convergent and divergent. The reliability of questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for psychological ownership 0.74, altruism 0.77, intrinsic motivation 0.84 and knowledge hiding 0.71. The data analysis of the research was done at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 26 and Smart Pls software. Findings: The results showed that the mean of variables of psychological ownership and knowledge hiding were lower than criterion score and altruism and internal motivation were higher than criterion score. The path coefficient of variables showed that psychological ownership with (Beta=0.24) has a positive & significant effect on knowledge hiding, altruism (Beta=-0.17) and intrinsic motivation (Beta=-0.16) has a negative & significant effect on knowledge hiding. Conclusion: Considering the positive and significant effect of intrinsic motivation and altruistic behavior in reducing the negative effect of psychological ownership of knowledge in knowledge hiding behavior, it can be seen that the moderating role of intrinsic motivation and altruistic behavior in reducing knowledge hiding behavior is significant and confirmed. Because motivation theory emphasizes the motivations that lead people to exchange knowledge and broadly determines knowledge behaviors, and altruistic behaviors consist of helping colleagues in the performance of their duties. That is, if teachers who have a high sense of psychological ownership may hesitate to exchange and share knowledge when requested due to internal motivation and altruistic behavior. Thus, it can be said that hiding or sharing knowledge depends not only on the level of one's property relative to the purpose of ownership, but also on internal motivation and altruistic behavior. To prevent this phenomenon among teachers, the sense of collective ownership instead of individual ownership should be strengthened among teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the excessive use of opioid and analgesic drugs (OAs) has raised a global concern due to their side effects and negative impacts. Hence, it is crucial to detect trace amounts of these drugs in biological samples. In this work, for the first time, a Zn–Ni–Co–OH metal–organic framework (MOF) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite was integrated into a polyacrylonitrile mat and employed as a sensitive and effective nanoadsorbent to extract trace quantities of OAs from biological samples. Additionally, in order to save time, reduce operational work, and most importantly diminish the use of toxic organic solvents significantly, the pipette tip solid-phase microextraction technique was utilized as a green technique for the quantification of these drugs. Based on the characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the successful synthesis of nanofibers was confirmed. Moreover, the presence of the Zn–Ni–Co–OH MOF and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a porous structure and abundant functional groups in the polymer substrate results in significantly enhanced efficiency for the extraction of target analytes. Under optimal conditions, the linearity for opioid and analgesic drugs was reported to be in the range of 1.5–1000.0 ng mL−1. Furthermore, the identification limit and quantitative limit of the method were reported to be in the range of 0.5–0.9 and 1.5–3.0 ng mL−1, respectively. Finally, the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 5.7–6.9% (intra-day, n = 3) and 6.2–7.8% (inter-day, n = 3) and extraction recovery (ER%) in the range of 78–94% was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was conducted to develop and validate a Motivation for Healing Scale (MHS) in Cancer. Methods: in this methodological study, the MHS draft was developed based on the approach of Waltz and colleagues using existing scales and concept analysis. The psychometric features, including face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) were assessed. Finally, the reliability was evaluated using internal consistency, and stability. Results: Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an initial item pool was generated with 55 items, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data collected from 404 patients. 25 Items were excluded during the psychometric evaluation phases. Reliability assessment and internal consistency assessment revealed that Cronbach's alpha value of the 25-item MHS was 0.912. The results of intraclass correlation coefficient (0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96) showed the stability was strong. Conclution: The 25-item MHS is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of motivation for healing in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited data is available on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet during early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) in countries located in the Middle East, one of the regions with the highest prevalence of GDM. Methods: A total of 647 pregnant mothers were included in the present prospective birth cohort study in Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a 90-item food frequency questionnaire during the first trimester of pregnancy. Cases of GDM were ascertained by a two-step approach with a 50-g screen followed by a 100-g oral glucose tolerance for those who tested positive. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95%CI of GDM across tertiles of the Mediterranean diet score, while controlling for a wide range of potential confounders. Results: A total of 647 pregnant mothers were included, of whom 77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM during their pregnancy. The average age of the mothers was 28.8 ± 5.1 years. In the multivariable analysis, being in the third tertile of the score of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 41% lower risk of developing GDM as compared to those in the first tertile (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.99). Conclusions: Based on our findings, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet during early pregnancy may be associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Iranian women. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and irisin serum levels might mediate the protective role of exercise training against menopause-induced metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week combined aerobic exercise training and muscular strength range of movement (MSROM) on serum levels of BDNF, irisin, and insulin resistance indices in postmenopausal women diagnosed with diabetes. Methods: In this study, 42 participants were randomly assigned into two groups (exercise and control, 21 in each). The exercise group performed 24 sessions (3 sessions/week) of combined aerobic training (55–75% heart rate reserve) and MSROM for 8 weeks. Before the start of interventions and also 36 h after the last session, fasting serum BDNF, irisin, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL and HDL), and triglyceride levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Our findings showed a significant increase in serum level of irisin and BDNF (P = 0.011; P = 0.016, respectively), but a reduction in FBS TC, insulin, and LDL (P < 0.01), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.011) compared to the control group. Despite a decrease in the level of triglyceride, body mass index (BMI), and an increase in HDL level, these changes were not significant compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our data indicate that 8 weeks of combined aerobic training and MSROM is a safe strategy to alleviate insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly postmenopausal women with type II diabetes partly via BDNF and irisin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite nanofibers, namely, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), citric acid (CA), β-cyclodextrin (β–CD), and copper oxide nanoparticles (PVA/CA/β-cyclodextrin/CuO NPs), were developed as a novel, green, and efficient adsorbent in the pipette tip-micro-solid-phase extraction method (PT-µSPE), for the simultaneous extraction of three antidepressants drugs namely imipramine (IMP), citalopram (CIT), and clozapine (CLZ) in biological fluids before quantification by gas chromatography (GC-FID). Based on the obtained results from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the successful synthesis of composite nanofibers was approved. Due to the presence of β-cyclodextrins and CuO NPs rich of functional groups on their surface, the nanofibers have high extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for imipramine, citalopram, and clozapine was 0.1 to 1000.0 ng mL−1 with a determination coefficient ≥ 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range 0.03 to 0.15 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviation was 4.8 to 8.7% (within-day, n = 4) and 5.1 to 9.2% (between-day, n = 3) for 3 consecutive days. In addition, excellent clean-up was achieved which is a great advantage over other sample preparation methods. Finally, the ability of the developed method to extract the target analytes from the biological samples was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human parvovirus B19 is a viral pathogen that causes acute and usually self-limiting disease. Because the B19 virus predicates erythroid progenitor cells, it can cause a transient aplastic crisis in immunocompromised individuals. This infection has been associated with nonimmunologic fetal hydrops during pregnancy; also, B19 can persist for months in immunocompromised individuals. In B19 infection, viremia with a high titer is observed for approximately one week. After that, a specific immune response is critical to control the infection. Although molecular and serologic tests commonly diagnose the B19 virus, laboratory diagnostic tests have limitations. For the detection of human parvovirus B19, an inexpensive, effective, and rapid biosensor may be considered as an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Perfectaionism is a common personality trait that can affect various aspects of life, especially sexual relationships. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the existing evidence for the relationship between perfectionism and sexual function in studies conducted in Iran and the world. Method: A comprehensive search of databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, ProQuest, PsychINFO, IranPsych, Irandoc, SID, and Google Scholar search engine was performed until December 2021 without a time limit. To find studies, we searched for the keywords perfectionism and sexual function in both Persian and English and combined these words with the AND operator. Studies that scored above 15 according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria were included. Data analysis was performed qualitatively. Results: From the total of 878 articles found in databases, six articles met the inclusion criteria and had moderate quality. Reviewing studies corroborated that, notwithstanding the positive association between general/sexual perfectionism and sexual desire, specific dimensions such as socially prescribed perfectionism, partner-prescribed, and socially prescribed sexual perfectionism, have the utmost unfavorable effect on female sexual function, which means that a higher level of perfectionism ultimately decreases the rate of sexual function in women. In addition, studies suggested that by increasing sexual anxiety and distress levels, perfectionism deteriorates sexual function. Conclusion: Perfectionism may cause a variety of problems regarding sexual function. However, to clarify the precise role of each dimension of perfectionism on different areas of sexual function, more research must be conducted in this area in various communities and on age groups other than females of reproductive ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network that has experienced a lot of progress due to extensive developments and development in this network. Due to the increased number of IoT devices, it is endangered by a botnet-type attack. Many intrusion detection systems do not have the necessary and sufficient ability to detect and prevent such attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have provided various promising solutions to discover malicious patterns and deal with botnet attacks. Many researchers have studied the effect of reducing the number of features of datasets on the detection performance of IoT attacks. Selecting several features from a dataset is a data mining technique effectively integrated into botnet detection and identification systems design. This paper presents a new botnet detection system to detect botnets in IoT using the feature selection technique based on the slime mold algorithm (SMA) and salp swarm algorithm (SSA). On the other hand, the number of features and the importance of features selected from the dataset can directly impact the detection error rate. Therefore, we have presented a new practical and efficient multi-objective algorithm for detecting botnets based on feature selection. To maximize the performance of the proposed algorithm, we have used chaos theory. In addition, we have integrated the mechanism of the Disruption operator with the proposed algorithm. An excellent balance is created in the components of exploration and exploitation. Finally, to check and evaluate the proposed algorithm, the standard datasets available in the UCI source, created based on the real traffic of infected devices on the IoT botnet, have been used. The results obtained from the proposed algorithm indicate a significant and good performance. The results show that it has a high ability to detect botnets in IoT networks and has been able to achieve an excellent low error rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, firstly, Microbial Assay (MA) was performed to evaluate the levels of intra and extracellular folate (Quatro folate) produced by 43 lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional Iranian dairy products. The results obtained from strain screening showed that two strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus , two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus , two strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis and one strain of Lactobacillus helveticus are highly folate producing. However, two strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus produced higher amounts of folate (133.23 μg/mL and 102 μg/mL, respectively). In the second phase, eight yogurt samples were produced by using the two highest folate producing strains and compared with the control sample. The folate production in yogurt samples showed that Y8 sample has the highest amount of folate (117.93, 38.81 μg/mL determined by microbial and HPLC assay methods, respectively). It was found that the microbial assay method has the ability to measure different forms of folate derivatives compared to the HPLC method. The results exhibited that the isolates examined in this study showed the ability to produce extracellular folate at higher levels and can be used as bio-enrichment cultures to produce functional foods. • -The highest amount of extracellular folate was produced by NO. 25 & 26 of L. bulgaricus. • -The lowest amount of extracellular folate was produced by NO. 86 L. helveticus. • -The highest amount of folate was produced in Y8 yogurt sample. • -The microbial assay method showed more folate than the HPLC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA) has become desirable for biomedical applications, particularly implantable devices. However, the degradation of PLA in biological environments under mechanical stress remains incompletely understood and requires further investigation. This study compared the plain fatigue (PF) and the biodegraded fatigue (BDF) behavior of 3D-printed PLA. For this purpose, two sets of standard fatigue specimens were additively manufactured by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. One set was used for plain fatigue testing, and the other was immersed for 330 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). After immersion, the samples were dried and weighed before fatigue testing. The fully reversed rotary bending fatigue tests were conducted on both sets of specimens, and the stress-lifetime (S-N) curves were obtained. Additionally, the fatigue properties of PF and BDF specimens were evaluated. Moreover, the fracture behaviors of the materials were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The outcomes implied that the weight of the samples extended during the immersion period, primarily due to water absorption by the PLA. However, after drying, the final weights did not change compared to the weights before immersion. The SBF immersion significantly reduced the fatigue performance of the biodegraded samples comparing the PF result. • The biological environment effect was investigated on the fatigue lifetime of PLA made by 3D printing. • After the emersion, the sample weight gained up to 15 % after 330 days, due to the PLA water absorption. • The fatigue strength of the BDF tests was lower at all stress levels than that of PF specimens. • The fatigue lifetime reduction was approximately 81–95 % for stress levels (2.5–10 MPa). • The FESEM results showed the microcracks and cleavage signs due to the brittle failure behavior of PLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the levels of L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) in body fluids is crucial due to its significant role in metabolism and protein synthesis, which ultimately affects neurological health. Herein, we have developed a novel magneto-responsive electrochemical enantioselective sensor for the recognition of L-Trp based on oriented biochar derived from Loofah, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, and molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPDA) in xanthan hydrogel. The successful synthesis of these materials has been confirmed through physicochemical and electrochemical characterization. Various operational factors such as pH, response time, loading sample volume, and loading of active materials were optimized. As a result, the sensor exhibited an affordable linear range of 1.0–60.0 μM, with a desirable limit of detection of 0.44 μM. Furthermore, the proposed electrochemical sensor demonstrated good reproducibility and desirable selectivity for the determination of L-Trp, making it suitable for analyzing L-Trp levels in human plasma and serum samples. The development presented offers an appealing, easily accessible, and efficient strategy. It utilizes xanthan hydrogel to improve mass transfer and adhesion, biochar-stabilized Fe 3 O 4 to facilitate magnetic orientation and accelerate mass transfer and sensitivity, and polydopamine MIP to enhance selectivity. This approach enables on-site evaluation of L-Trp levels, which holds significant value for healthcare monitoring and early detection of related conditions. [Display omitted] • The development of a magneto-responsive electrochemical enantioselective sensor by combining biochar, Fe 3 O 4 NPs and MIP. • This innovative sensor demonstrates desirable LOD exhibits excellent reproducibility and selectivity for L-Trp detection. • Various operational factors such as pH, response time, loading sample volume and loading of active materials were optimized. • The sensor exhibited an affordable linear range of 1–6 μM and 10–60 μM, with a desirable limit of detection of 0.44 μM. • This development presents an appealing, easily accessible and reliable method for L-Trp monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statins, which are primarily used as lipid-lowering drugs, have been found to exhibit anti-tumor effects through modulating and interfering with various signaling pathways. In observational studies, statin use has been associated with a significant reduction in the progression of various cancers, including colon, lung, prostate, pancreas, and esophagus cancer, as well as melanoma and B and T cell lymphoma. The mevalonate pathway, which is affected by statins, plays a crucial role in activating Rho, Ras, and Rab proteins, thereby impacting the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Statins block this pathway, leading to the inhibition of isoprenoid units, which are critical for the activation of these key proteins, thereby affecting cancer cell behavior. Additionally, statins affect MAPK and Cdk2, which in turn reduce the expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Akt signaling plays a crucial role in key cancer cell features like proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis by activating multiple effectors in downstream pathways such as FOXO, PTEN, NF-κB, GSK3β, and mTOR. The PI3K/Akt signaling is necessary for many events in the metastatic pathway and has been implicated in the resistance to cytostatic drugs. The Akt/PTEN axis is currently attracting great interest for its role in carcinogenesis. Statins have been shown to activate the purinergic receptor P2X7 and affect Akt signaling, which may have important anti-cancer effects. Hence, targeting Akt shows promise as an effective approach to cancer prevention and therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the specific impact of statins through Akt signaling in different types of cancer. [Display omitted] • Statins offer benefits beyond their lipid-lowering effects. • Akt, a serine/threonine kinase involved in various signaling pathways. • Akt shows promise as an effective approach for cancer prevention and therapy. • We discussed on the specific impact of statins through Akt signaling in different cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the wide utilization of triazole fungicides due to environmental damage and its side effects has raised global concern. Thus, in this investigation, polyacrylonitrile/MnCo-layered double hydroxides nanofiber was synthesized and applied as an effective and novel adsorbent at thin-film solid-phase micro-extraction technique for the quick and concurrent extraction of five triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples before quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The incorporation of MnCo-layered double hydroxides with porous structure and abundant functional groups in a polymer medium improves the extraction efficiency of nanofibers owing to hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions formed between analytes and synthesized nano-adsorbent. Various important elements that affect the extraction efficiency of the intended analytes were optimized using a time-variable approach. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and quantification range from 0.1 to 0.15 and 0.3–0.5 ng mL−1, respectively. Incorporation of the synthesized MnCo-LDH into the polymer network of PAN and the production of a novel, porous, rich in functional groups adsorbent, easy and fast synthesis by the electrospun device for the extraction of triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples prior to identification by the HPLC-UV device. [Display omitted] • The MnCo-layered double hydroxides composite with a yolk-shell sphere structure. • Novel synthesis of polyacrylonitrile/MnCo-layered double hydroxides nanofibers. • Synthesized nanofibers have high absorption capacity with easy and fast synthesis. • Thin-film solid-phase micro-extraction/high-pressure liquid chromatography method. • Electrospun nanofibers with porous structure and abundant functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of foods we consume may be an important risk factor for breast cancer (BrCa); however, relations between quality of food metrics and BrCa risk have not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food quality score (FQS) by assessing the intake of healthy and unhealthy food and the odds of (BrCa) among Iranian women. This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 150 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past three months and 150 healthy controls that were age-match from the Cancer Research Center, Imam Khomeini hospital, Iran. Participants were interviewed to obtain data relating to diet (using a 147-item validated FFQ) and BrCa risk factors. We found a significant association between adherence to the FQS and odds of breast cancer in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.58; P = 0.04) and in premenopausal women in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.45; P = 0.02); however, we did not observe any association between postmenopausal women in the adjusted model (OR: 0.76; P = 0.5). We also failed to observe any association between healthy (p = 0.3) and unhealthy subgroups (p = 0.3) of FQS. Our findings suggest that adherence to FQS may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in crude and adjusted models in overall and premenopausal women. However, we did not see any association between FQS and BrCa risk in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1957136. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a theoretical kinetic study was conducted on several proposed reaction mechanism pathways associated with the formation of TeF6 in gas phase (Te (g) + 3F2(g) → TeF6(g)). Detailed experimental and theoretical mechanistic knowledge on the formation of TeF6 in the gas phase is limited. TeF6 is one of the most prevalent hexafluoride compounds with important industrial and significant applications. The favourable energetic pathway is initiated by the homolytic breaking of the bond of F2 molecules and the formation of [TeF]• and F• species. The reaction between these two species leads to TeF2 as an intermediate. Utilising excess F2 (g) in the reaction, the heterolytic cleavage of F2 bond in the presence of TeF2 leads to the formation of ionic species including [TeF3]+ and F-, which react with each other to produce TeF4. The reaction of TeF4 with excess F2 (g) leads to the formation of TeF6. The optimised structures of the reactants (REs), transition states (TSs), intermediates (IMs), and products (PRs) were determined for each pathway. All calculations were performed at the density functional theory (DFT) employing the M06-2X functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association between quality and quantity of carbohydrate by assessing low carbohydrates diet score (LCDS), carbohydrate quality score (CQI), glycemic index (GI), dietary glycemic load (GL), and dietary carbohydrate intake, and risk of breast cancer (BrCa) among Iranian women. This hospital-based case-control study was carried out in the Cancer Research Center of Imam Khomeini hospital, Iran. We included One hundred and fifty newly diagnosed BrCa cases and one hundred and fifty healthy controls in this study. Socio-demographic and dietary data and anthropometric measures were recorded. We found that a higher CQI than a lower score was associated with a decrease in odds of BrCa (P = 0.04). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that CQI was not associated with BrCa development (P = 0.05). An increase in odds of BrCa among women in the highest tertiles of GL (P = 0.12), GI (P = 0.48), and dietary carbohydrate intake (P = 0.06) was seen, which was not statistically significant. There was also a non-significant lower chance of having BrCa with adherence to the LCDS (P = 0.09). Our findings suggest that CQI was not related to BrCa risk among Iranian women. This relation deserves to be investigated in prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We did this study to clarify the association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and potential effect modification by geographical location. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to find prospective cohort studies of dietary carbohydrate intake and T2D risk. A random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was performed to calculate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. The quality of cohort studies and the certainty of evidence was rated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and GRADE tool, respectively. Eighteen prospective cohort studies with 29,229 cases among 607,882 participants were included. Thirteen studies were rated to have high quality, and five as moderate quality. The HR for the highest compared with the lowest category of carbohydrate intake was 1.02 (95%CI: 0.91, 1.15; I2 = 67%, GRADE = low certainty). The HRs were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.82, 1.05; I2 = 58%, n = 7) and 1.26 (95%CI: 1.11, 1.44; I2 = 6%, n = 6) in Western and Asian countries, respectively. Dose–response analysis indicated a J shaped association, with the lowest risk at 50% carbohydrate intake (HR50%: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.90, 0.99) and with risk increasing significantly at 70% carbohydrate intake (HR70%: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.35). There was no association between low carbohydrate diet score and the risk of T2D (HR: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.89, 1.47; I2 = 90%, n = 5). Carbohydrate intake within the recommended 45–65% of calorie intake was not associated with an increased risk of T2D. Carbohydrate intake more than 70% calorie intake might be associated with a higher risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The tendency to the use of drugs is a daily increase, especially among adolescents. We conducted the present study to investigate the role of self-efficacy in predicting drug-seeking behaviors among high school students in Jahrom, Fars province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on high school students in Jahrom, Fars province, Iran in 2020. The sample size was estimated to be 405 people who were chosen using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tools here included demographic information questionnaire, Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, and self-efficacy questionnaire Children Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Linear regression. Results: There was a significant inverse correlation between self-efficacy and drug-seeking behaviors (r=-598, P<0.001). Additionally, the results revealed a relationship between grade, father's job, mother's education, and smoking history in friends and parents with self-efficacy (P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.004, P=0.006, P=0.005, respectively) and drug-seeking behaviors (P<0.001). Father's job, friends' smoking history, and self-efficacy were significant factors inversely associated with drug-seeking behaviors (P=0.003, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: High levels of self-efficacy of students and educated families can play a protective role against drugs use. Further focus on prevention, especially on capacity building and the empowerment of young people can reduce the tendency to use drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated the effect of Serendipita indica, an endophytic fungus, inoculation of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on the rhizosphere physical quality. Methods: S. indica inoculated and uninoculated seedlings of wheat cultivars (Roshan, Ghods, Kavir and Pishtaz) were grown in rhizoboxes. Plants were harvested and intact samples were taken from the rhizosphere to measure soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HWSC), carbon mineralization rate (CMR), water repellency index (RI) by the sorptivity method, and aggregate stability by the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method. Root mucilages of inoculated and uninoculated seedlings were also collected for measuring total polysaccharides (TPmucilage). Results: The SOC, HWSC, and RI were increased by 146, 83, and 40% and CMR was decreased by 56% in planted treatments, which consequently increased the HEMC aggregate stability indices. S. indica increased SOC, HWSC, RI, and structural stability, and improved the physical quality especially in soil with Roshan and Ghods, which had more extensive root distributions and higher TPmucilage. The changes of soil-physical and hydraulic properties among different wheat cultivars imply that both quantitative and qualitative properties of root exudates have significant effects on soil quality. Soil with Roshan had the highest SOC, HWSC, and root distribution and the lowest aggregate stability. However, soil with Ghods had almost the same SOC and HWSC, but it had the highest stability indices. Conclusion: S. indica inoculation of different wheat cultivars, by increasing SOC and inducing water repellency in the rhizosphere, can improve the aggregate stability and soil physical quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have revealed that motivation plays a vital role in a person's ability to heal. The nature of motivation for healing in cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of motivation for healing in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research approach was used as the study design. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews and the themes were derived from the data using the inductive content analysis method. The patients consisted of 34 cancer patients, 4 family members, 1 psychologist, 1 oncologist, and 3 nurses. The participants were interviewed in the cancer clinics or chemotherapy wards. Results: Based on the results of the interviews, three main themes and seven categories were determined. The themes were identified as (i) the desire to survive, (ii) a spirit of optimism, and (iii) belongingness and responsibility. Conclusions: The results of this study could be used by researchers to develop tools to measure motivation in cancer patients, and to design intervention mechanisms to enhance the patients' motivation in cancer care. Moreover, a better understanding of motivation can improve psychosocial support in oncology nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CoFe-PBA@GO with a hollow-cube structure was synthesized. • CoFe-PBA@GO has functional groups and high absorption capacity and porosity. • Application of sorbent and method ecologically friendly in extraction of fungicides. • Triazole fungicide was identified and extracted using the PT-μSPE-HPLC-UV method. • Detection of trace amounts of triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples. Today, the wide use of triazole fungicides due to environmental damage and its side effects has raised global concern. Hence, in this research, poly-vinyl alcohol/polyacrylic-acid/CoFe-PBA@GO electrospun nanofiber was synthesized and applied as effective, degradable, and novel adsorbent at pipette-tip microextraction (PT-μSPE) method for the rapid and concurrent extraction of five of triazole fungicides in fruit and vegetable samples prior to quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The incorporation of CoFe-PBA@GO with superporous structure and abundant functional groups in a polymer medium improves the extraction efficiency of nanofibers due to hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions formed between analytes and synthesized nano-adsorbent. Various important elements that affect the extraction yield of the target analytes were optimized utilizing a time-variable approach. Under the optimum conditions, dynamic range was attained in the range of 0.3–900.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.999. The identification limit of the PT-μSPE-HPLC-UV method ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roads play a vital role in transportation systems, and their construction and maintenance expenses are high. Those reasons make crucial the examination of factors that accelerate road deterioration and those factors' negative impacts on societies. Climatic-related elements, especially temperature and precipitation, significantly affect the quality and lifespans of roads. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has reported that increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is causing changes in climate and that the rate of change has accelerated during the past several decades. To assess the impacts of changing climatic parameters on flexible-pavement performance, this study used 32 climate models to evaluate the performance of interstate, primary, and secondary roads across 11 diverse locations with varying traffic and climatic conditions. The study's findings reveal that changing climate exacerbates pavement distresses, leading to reduced pavement lifespans and increased numbers of reconstruction projects, which in turn raise demands for materials and equipment and contribute to higher GHG emissions. The effects of changing climate and changing climate's associated economic and environmental costs make the application of various engineering solutions to enhance pavement resilience essential, as described in this paper, in the absence of comprehensive emissions reduction strategies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop combination approach for the treatment of Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolated from intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted between January 5, 2018- June 5, 2019 to isolate and detect E. coli from UTI patients admitted to ICUs in Shahid Rajaee hospital, Gachsaran, Iran. Morphological, biochemical and molecular methods were conducted to identify E. coli isolates. Phenotypic confirmation of E. coli producing ESBL was performed using ESBL disc diffusion test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The combination index assay set-up was based on CLSI guidelines to investigate antibacterial susceptibilities to vancomycin alone and in combination with trimethoprim and interpreted with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Eventually, the expression levels of blaCTX-M-33 gene were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 90 ICU-acquired UTIs occurred among 255 patients. The combination index assay results showed that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination would be reduced its minimal inhibitory concentration90 value. The vancomycin/trimethoprim combination revealed partial synergistic and indifferent effects (FIC = 0.52–1.50) in the isolates of E. coli-producing ESBL. The results of gene expression analysis indicated that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination caused downregulation of blaCTX-M-33 gene at negligible levels by 55.56–58.82-fold and stopped drug resistant. Conclusion: Vancomycin/trimethoprim combination may diminish resistance in the E. coli-producing ESBL isolated from ICU-acquired UTI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole (Hpbz), containing both C–H and N–H bonds available for activation, has been investigated to elucidate which bond is activated upon coordination to the Pt(II) precursor complex (PtMe2(DMSO)2), 1. On the basis of density functional theory (DFT), Hpbz is predicted to react with 1 through N–H bond activation of the benzimidazole ring in preference to C–H bond activation of the pyridine ring. The reasons for this difference in selectivity are discussed based on the energy barrier needed for N–H versus C–H bond activation. The DFT results are in agreement with experimental findings in which reaction of Hpbz with 1 at room temperature leads to N–H bond activation to give (PtMe(pbz‐κ2‐N,N)(DMSO)), 2. The kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction between Hpbz and 1 shows that the reaction occurs through substitution of one DMSO by the nitrogen atom of pyridine ring of Hpbz to give (PtMe2(Hpbz‐κ1N)(DMSO)), followed by N–H activation and release of methane to form 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Quiet Mind Training (QMT) on Alpha power suppression and fine motor skill acquisition among novice dart players. 30 novice dart players were randomly assigned either to a QMT or a control condition. Playing skills and Alpha power suppression were assessed at four time-points: at baseline, retention test 1, under pressure conditions, at retention test 2. Over time, Alpha power suppression increased and radial errors decreased but more so in the QMT condition than in the control condition. In contrast to the control condition, darts performance and Alpha power suppression in the QMT condition were also stable under pressure conditions. Results indicated that QMT successfully suppressed Alpha power and improved implicit learning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the common psychological problems of the elderly is depression, anxiety and stress, and dementia. Social support is one of the variables associated with the elderly lifestyle that can be considered as a product of the social dimension of lifestyle. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of anxiety, stress, and depression with perceived social support among elderly people in Jahrom city. This is an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on elderly people in Jahrom city in Iran. The sample size in this study was 210 people and was selected through cluster sampling and random selection of clinics located in Jahrom. Data were collected from two questionnaires: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and perceived social support. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation. The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed significant relationships between social support for the elderly and depression (r = −0.627, p < 0.001), also observed between social support for the elderly and stress (r = −0.535, p < 0.001). However, no significant relationship was determined between social support for the elderly and anxiety (r = −0909, p > 0.05). Depression and stress can be reduced by improving social support in the elderly. More attention should also be given to social support for oldermen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Quiet Mind Training (QMT) on Alpha power suppression and fine motor skill acquisition among novice dart players. 30 novice dart players were randomly assigned either to a QMT or a control condition. Playing skills and Alpha power suppression were assessed at four time-points: at baseline, retention test 1, under pressure conditions, at retention test 2. Over time, Alpha power suppression increased and radial errors decreased but more so in the QMT condition than in the control condition. In contrast to the control condition, darts performance and Alpha power suppression in the QMT condition were also stable under pressure conditions. Results indicated that QMT successfully suppressed Alpha power and improved implicit learning skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this scoping review, the concept of patients' motivation and the tools that have been designed to measure this concept in clinical settings are presented. Materials and Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used in conducting the current scoping review. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant English articles published between January 1995 and January 2020 using the keywords motivation and tool, and their synonyms. Out of 2820 articles, 34 articles were chosen and were entered into the final analysis. Definitions of patients' motivation were determined using Kyngäs et al., content analysis method. Results: The findings showed that new tools had been developed in 38% of the studies and other studies had revised or translated existing questionnaires. Moreover, 62% of the tools were used to measure patient motivation in mental disorders. Most of the studies did not clearly define the concept of patient motivation in the clinical environment. The findings of content analysis outlined the 3 categories of motivation determinant factors, decisions, and behaviors that determine overall levels of motivations and its consequences. Conclusions: Motivation is a dynamic concept and is a result of internal and external motives that lead to decisions and behaviors. There are limited tools for measuring motivation in clinical settings. This addresses the need to design specific tools in various diseases, especially chronic diseases. By the concept defined in this study, it is possible to design a short tool with general application that can be used in all diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown as an attractive source for cartilage repair and regenerative medicine. Chondrogenesis of iPSCs is important in cartilage tissue engineering. The objective of our study was enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of iPSCs by using Poly-L-lactic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (PLLA/PVA)-based scaffold and chondrogenic medium. PLLA scaffold was fabricated via electrospinning. The iPSC cells were cultured on the PLLA/PVA scaffold and scaffold-free method. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the cartilage-specific genes in the mRNA levels. Also, we have done immunocytochemistry and SEM imaging for confirming differentiation. Real-time PCR showed that significantly increased gene expression of collagen type II, collagen type X and aggrecan on the PLLA/PVA scaffold method when compared to the mRNA levels measured in the scaffold-free method. Down-regulation of Collagen I was observed in PLLA/PVA scaffold compared to scaffold-free. Also, both methods were shown a similar pattern of expression of SOX9. After 21 days, Immunocytochemistry and SEM imaging confirmed the differentiation of iPSC toward chondrocyte. Our results showed that PLLA/PVA scaffold maintain iPSC proliferation and differentiation, and can significantly enhance chondrogenic differentiation of iPSC. PLLA/PVA scaffold seeded iPSC showed the highest capacity for differentiation into chondrocyte-like cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Misunderstanding of different aspects of sex makes individuals vulnerable to sexual dysfunction, sexually transmitted diseases, mental disorders, and illegal relationships. This study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral counseling on the sexual self-concept of female students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study is an intervention conducted with female students living in dormitories at Kerman and Rafsanjan Universities of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated at 63 students from different fields of study; 31 students from Kerman University of Medical Sciences comprised the experimental group and 32 students from Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences comprised the control group. Cognitive behavioral group counseling sessions were held every 3 days. The instrument used for collecting pre-test and post-test data was Snell's Multidimensional Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency, t tests and chi-square tests. Results: The two groups were homogenous in terms of demographic factors. Analysis of the results of the intervention revealed significant differences in sexual self-consciousness and motivation to avoid high risk sexual relationships, but there was no significant difference in terms of sexual depression. Discussion: Cognitive behavioral group counseling can improve sexual self-concept. Therefore, this type of counseling is recommended from younger ages or at enrollment at university, to help correct development of this important part of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a Pt-catalyzed direct coupling of benzene to biphenyl. This catalytic reaction employs a cyclometalated platinum(II) complex [PtMe(bhq)(SMe2)] (bhq = benzo[h]quinolate) with PhI(OAc)2 as an oxidant and does not require an acid, a co-catalyst or a solvent. The reaction kinetics and characterization of potential catalytic species are reported. The reaction is first-order in Pt and second-order in benzene, which implicates the second C–H activation step as rate-determining. A Pt(II)/Pt(IV) catalytic cycle is suggested. The reaction commences by oxidation of the Pt(II) complex to give the platinum(IV) species [Pt(bhq)(SMe2)(OAc)2](OAc) followed by C–H activation of benzene to afford the intermediate [PtPh(bhq)(SMe2)(OAc)](OAc) concurrently with the release of HOAc. A second benzene molecule reacts similarly to give the diphenyl intermediate [PtPh2(bhq)(SMe2)](OAc). C–C bond forming reductive elimination ensues to regenerate Pt(II) and complete the catalytic cycle. The proposed mechanism has been examined by DFT computations, which provide support to experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates that the transport properties of alkali metals are determined principally by the repulsive wall of the pair interaction potential function. The (hard-wall) Lennard-Jones (LJ) (15-6) effective pair potential function is used to calculate the transport collision integrals. Accordingly, reduced collision integrals of K, Rb, and Cs metal vapors are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzmann equation. The law of corresponding states based on the experimental transport reduced collision integral is used to verify the validity of a LJ(15-6) hybrid potential in describing the transport properties. LJ(8.5-4) potential function and a simple thermodynamic argument with the input PVT data of liquid metals provide the required molecular potential parameters. Values of the predicted viscosity of monatomic alkali metal vapor are in agreement with typical experimental data with average absolute deviations of 2.97% for K in the range of 700–1500 K, 1.69% for Rb, and 1.75% for Cs in the range of 700–2000 K. In the same way, the values of predicted thermal conductivity are in agreement with experiment within 2.78%, 3.25%, and 3.63% for K, Rb, and Cs, respectively. The LJ(15-6) hybrid potential with a hard-wall repulsion character conclusively predicts the best transport properties of the three alkali metal vapors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial generalized linear mixed models are used commonly for modeling discrete spatial responses, where spatial correlation of the data is considered via latent variables which follow the normal distribution. From a computational point of view, the normal assumption for latent variables are considered just for the convenience of calculations. In this paper, the closed skew normal distribution which is more flexible and includes the normal distribution is considered for the spatial latent variables. A new approximate algorithm is introduced to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. Prediction of the latent variables at a new unsampled location is obtained using a new approximation minimum mean square error method. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated on a simulation study and on a real data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cells can be obtained from a variety of sources. To compare the effect of cell source on the osteogenic differentiation potential, buccal fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BFP-MSCs), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) with different accessibility in time and region, were cultured on bioceramic (Bio-Oss®) coated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold (PCL-Bio). After scaffold characterization, stem cells proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were investigated by MTT and Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content and gene expression assays. Proliferation rate of the stem cells was not significantly different with each other, only USSCs showed significantly lower proliferation rate while cultured on PCL-Bio; although, PCL-Bio showed better proliferation support in comparison with tissue culture plate and PCL. Mineralization of the BM-MSCs was significantly higher than others, while BFP-MSCs were close to it. Highest ALP activity was detected in BFP-MSCs cultured on PCL-Bio. USSCs demonstrated higher gene expression level in three genes, although differences were not huge compared to others. According to the results and due to the availability, facilitated preparation procedure and less patients suffering, BFP-MSCs have a better choice than BM-MSCs and USSCs for use in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard tissue lesion treatment in oral and maxillofacial has been challenging because of tissue complexities. This study aimed to investigate novel biopolymeric construct effects on the osteogenic differentiation potential of the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for introducing a cell copolymer bioimplant. A blended polycaprolactone (PCL)‐polyethylene oxide (PEO) was fabricated using electrospinning, simultaneously filled by β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP). After that biocompatibility and release kinetics of the PCL‐PEO+β‐GP was evaluated and compared with PCL‐PEO and then the osteogenic differentiation potential of the DPSCs was examined while being cultured on the scaffolds and compared with those cultured on the culture plate. The results demonstrated that scaffolds have not any cytotoxicity and β‐GP can release in a long‐term manner. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were significantly increased in DPSCs while being cultured on the PCL‐PEO+β‐GP compared with the other groups. Runt‐related transcription factor 2, collagen type‐I, osteonectin, and osteocalcin (OSC) genes expression was upregulated in DPSCs cultured on the PCL‐PEO+β‐GP and was significantly higher than those cultured on the PCL‐PEO. Immunocytochemistry result also confirmed the positive effects of PCL‐PEO+β‐GP on the osteogenic differentiation of the DPSCs by presenting a higher OSC protein expression. According to the results, incorporation of the β‐GP in PCL‐PEO makes a better construct for osteogenic induction into the stem cells and it could be also considered as a great promising candidate for bone, oral, and maxillofacial tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocell polymers can be the best implants for replacing bone defects in patients. The pluripotent stem cells produced from the patient and the nanofibrous polymeric scaffold that can be completely degraded in the body and its produced monomers could be also usable are the best options for this implant. In this study, electrospun poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers were fabricated and characterized and then osteogenic differentiation of the human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was investigated while cultured on PHBV scaffold. MTT results showed that cultured iPSCs on PHBV proliferation were increased compared to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as the control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were also significantly increased in iPSCs cultured on PHBV compared to the cultured on TCPS under osteogenic medium. Gene expression evaluation demonstrated that Runx2, collagen type I, ALP, osteonectin, and osteocalcin were upregulated in iPSCs cultured on PHBV scaffold in comparison with those cultured on TCPS for 2 weeks. Western blot analysis have shown that osteocalcin and osteopontin expression as two major osteogenic markers were increased in iPSCs cultured on PHBV scaffold. According to the results, nanofiber‐based PHBV has a promising potential to increase osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells and iPSCs‐PHBV as a cell‐co‐polymer construct demonstrated that has a great efficiency for use as a bone tissue engineered bioimplant. ‐The pluripotent stem cells produced from the patient and the nanofibrous polymeric scaffold that can be completely degraded in the body and its produced monomers could be also usable and are the best options for this implant. ‐In this study, electrospun PHBV nanofibers were fabricated and characterized and then osteogenic differentiation of the human iPSCs was investigated while cultured on PHBV scaffold. ‐MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, gene expression, and western blot evaluations were confirmed osteogenic differentiation of the human iPSCs increased significantly when grown on PHBV nanofibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the common osteogenic growth factors cannot be transplanted with stem cells to the patients, many studies are underway to find a replacement for these factors. Recently, it has been determined that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived conditioned medium (CM) contains effective factors in the bone formation process. In the current study, the synergistic effect of adipose‐derived MSC's CM, and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was investigated on the osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). After scaffold fabrication by electrospinning and characterization by scanning electron microscopy, iPSCs proliferation in the presence of CM, PCL, and both was evaluated using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Then, iPSCs osteogenic differentiation was investigated while cultured on tissue culture plate and PCL under CM compared with the osteogenic medium using alizarin red staining, calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene and protein expression analysis. Proliferation rate of the iPSCs was increased while cultured under CM and its effect was synergistically enhanced by culture on PCL. Evaluation of the osteogenic markers was showed CM alone could induce osteogenic differentiation into the iPSCs and this potential was significantly increased while combined with PCL nanofibrous scaffold. According to the results, it was demonstrated that CM has an osteogenic induction property almost the same of the common osteogenic medium and it can also be used potentially with stem cells when transplant to the patients. CM can also help by prolonging cell survival at the site of the defect as well as accelerating healing process. The common osteogenic growth factors cannot be transplanted with stem cells to the patients based on their chemical identity and it also showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)‐conditioned medium (CM) contains effective factors in the bone formation process. The synergistic effect of adipose‐derived MSC's CM and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was investigated on the osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells. It was demonstrated that CM has an osteogenic induction property almost the same of common osteogenic induction medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to review the interventional studies about educating existential concepts to the nurses working in cancer care. Materials and Methods: In this systematic narrative review, the papers published in English and Farsi databases of PubMed, Elsevier, web of since, Scopus, ProQuest, ERIC, Google Scholar and Ovid, MagIran and SID, from 1990 to 2018 were reviewed. Methodological quality of the studies was independently assessed by, using checklists developed by Greenhalgh, and Cochrane Center. No statistical pooling of the outcomes was performed, due to heterogeneity of the outcomes. Results: After wide search, the 17 studies entered to this narrative study. The results showed that educating the existential concept to the nurses dealing with cancer patients can improve their self-competency in providing efficient care to these patients and their ability in decision making. It also enhances their quality of life and decreases the death anxiety and emotional exhaustion. Conclusions: There were limited and low quality interventional studies about the effects of educating existential concepts to the nurses dealing with cancer patients. These studies showed that knowing this philosophy can help nurses to address caring needs of cancer patients more efficiently. The specific method or content of education cannot be recommended because of the large differences in the methodologies between the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Gaussian spatial responses are usually modeled using spatial generalized linear mixed model with spatial random effects. The likelihood function of this model cannot usually be given in a closed form, thus the maximum likelihood approach is very challenging. There are numerical ways to maximize the likelihood function, such as Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization and Quadrature Pairwise Expectation Maximization algorithms. They can be applied but may in such cases be computationally very slow or even prohibitive. Gauss-Hermite quadrature approximation only suitable for low-dimensional latent variables and its accuracy depends on the number of quadrature points. Here, we propose a new approximate pairwise maximum likelihood method to the inference of the spatial generalized linear mixed model. This approximate method is fast and deterministic, using no sampling-based strategies. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through two simulation examples and practical aspects are investigated through a case study on a rainfall data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to determine the effect of Piriformospora indica inoculation on maize maximum root growth pressure (σmax) and root elongation rate (ER) over a wide range of water potentials.Methods: The maximum axial force (Fmax) exerted by the P. indica-inoculated and non-inoculated roots of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Maxima) seedlings were measured under control (osmotic potential of zero) and PEG-induced water stress (i.e., osmotic potentials of −0.1, −0.2, −0.3 and − 0.4 MPa) conditions. After measuring root diameter (d), σmax was calculated by dividing the Fmax by the corresponding root cross-sectional area. To test the toxicity of PEG-6000 on root growth, the effect of osmotic potentials induced by PEG-6000 on ER was compared with the corresponding matric potentials in two soils.Results: The establishment of a mutualistic relationship between maize roots and P. indica exerted a temporary stress on plants leading to greater lag time for force development (Tlag) and the time to reach Fmax (Tmax) in inoculated plants. However, root colonization resulted in greater Fmax, σmax and ER especially under moderate and severe water stresses. Severe water stress decreased σmax, Fmax, d, Tmax and ER.Conclusion: P. indica inoculation can moderate adverse influences of stressful conditions on growth and elongation of plant roots especially during the initial growth stages by enhancing osmotic adjustment and/or by changing cell wall mechanical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the widespread use of opioid and analgesic drugs (OAs) has caused global concern due to their addictive properties and side effects. Therefore, in this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly acrylic acid (PAA)/MOF NiCoZn-LDH@graphene oxide (GO) electrospun nanofiber was synthesized and employed as an effective and novel sorbent at thin-film microextraction (TF-μSPE) method for the fast and simultaneous extraction of seven opioid and analgesic drugs in human biological fluids (plasma, urine) before performing quantitative analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) device. This new nano-absorbent was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and nitrogen absorption-desorption analysis (BET). The combination of MOF NiCoZn-LDH@GO with a highly porous structure and rich functional groups in the PVA/PAA substrate casing significantly improves the absorption properties of the nanofibers. In other words, the existence, of MOF NiCoZn-LDH@GO composite in the polymer network PVA/PAA causes an increase in the extraction efficiency of the electrospinning adsorbent due to the creation of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions with the intended analytes. Various effective factors in the extraction efficiency of the desired analytes were optimized using a one-variable-at-a-time method. Under the optimum conditions, the linearity dynamic range was achieved in the range of 0.3–1000.0 for caffeine, naloxone, noscapine, and celecoxib, and 0.5–1000.0 μg L−1 for tramadol, codeine, and hydrocodone with correlation coefficients ≥0.999. The lowest detection limit (LODs) and the lowest quantitative limit (LOQs) of the TF-μSPE method were obtained in the range of (0.1–0.15) and (0.3–0.5), respectively. Incorporation of the synthesized MOF NiCoZn-LDH@GO/carbon clothe into the polymer network of PVA/PAA and the production of a novel, porous, and rich in functional groups adsorbent by the electrospun system for the extraction of seven analgesic drugs in biological fluids before identification by the HPLC-UV system. [Display omitted] • MOF NiCoZn-LDH@GO with a flower-like array on carbon cloth was synthesized. • MOF NiCoZn-LDH@GO has functional groups and high absorption capacity and porosity. • TF-μSPE-HPLC-UV method was used for identification and extraction of analgesic drugs. • Detection of trace amounts of analgesic drugs in biological fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ivermectin in patients with mild and moderately severe COVID-19.Trial Design: This is a phase 3, single-center, randomized, open-label, controlled trial with a 2-arm parallel-group design (1:1 ratio).Participants: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Departments of the Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, will screen for patients age ≥ 20 years and weight ≥35 kg for the following criteria: Inclusion criteria for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms (outpatients) 1. Diagnosed mild pneumonia using computed tomography (CT) and/or chest X-ray (CX-R) imaging, not requiring hospitalization. 2. Signing informed consent. Inclusion criteria for patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (inpatients) 1. Confirmed infection using PCR. 2. Diagnosed moderate pneumonia using CT and/or CXR imaging, requiring hospitalization. 3. Hospitalized ≤ 48 hours. 4. Signing informed consent. Exclusion criteria 1. Severe and critical pneumonia due to COVID-19. 2. Underlying diseases, including AIDS, asthma, loiasis, and severe liver and kidney disease. 3. Use of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) and ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril). 4. History of drug allergy to Ivermectin. 5. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.Intervention and Comparator: Intervention groups: Outpatient and inpatient groups will receive the standard treatment regimen for mild and moderate COVID-19, based on the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education's protocol, along with oral Ivermectin (MSD Company, France) at a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Control groups: The outpatient group will receive hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Amin Pharmaceutical Company, Iran) at a dose of 400 mg twice a day for the first day and 200 mg twice a day for seven subsequent days. The inpatient group will receive 200/50 mg Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Heterd Company, India) twice a day for the seven days, plus five doses of 44 mcg Interferon beta-1a (CinnaGen, Iran) every other day. Other supportive and routine care will be the same in both outpatient and inpatient groups.Main Outcome: The primary outcomes are composite and include the improvement of clinical symptoms and need for hospitalization for outpatient groups, and the length of hospital stay until discharge, the need for ICU admission until discharge, and the need for mechanical ventilation for inpatient groups within seven days of randomization. The secondary outcome is the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions within seven days of randomization.Randomization: Patients in both outpatient (mild) and inpatient (moderate) groups will be randomized into the treatment and control groups based on the following method. A simple randomization method and table of random numbers will be used. If the selected number is even, the patient is allocated to the treatment group, and if it is odd, the patient is allocated to the control group in a 1:1 ratio.Blinding (masking): This is an open-label study, and there is not blinding. Numbers to be randomized (sample size) A total number of 120 patients (60 outpatients and 60 patients) will be randomized into two groups (30 patients in each of the intervention groups and 30 patients in each of the control groups).Trial Status: The protocol is Version 1.0, November 17, 2020. Recruitment began November 25, 2020, and is anticipated to be completed by February 25, 2021.Trial Registration: This clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). The registration number is " IRCT20200506047323N6 ". The registration date is November 17, 2020.Full Protocol: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting the dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug addiction is a painful fact especially in the youth population. It is one of the main social, economic and hygienic problem, which has negative effects on the human life. Therefore, finding predisposing factors of addiction can help decrease this phenomenon. Family function and sensation seeking are two factors that seems to play a role in tendency towards drug abuse. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among tendency towards drug abuse, family function, and sensation seeking in university students and gender differences in prediction of tendency towards drug abuse. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, a total of 350 university students were selected by the convenience sampling method in Yazd University. They were evaluated by Addiction Potential Scale (Weed, 1992), Family Assessment Device Scale (McMaster, 1983), and Sensation Seeking Scale (Zukerman, 1968). Data analysis was done by Regression Analysis. Results: Findings showed that family function among female students and sensation seeking among male students is significantly related to the tendency towards drug abuse (P < 0.05); in addition, regression analysis showed that roles subscale of family function among female respondents and adventure subscale of sensation seeking among male respondents were predictors of tendency towards drug. Conclusions: This study showed that sensation seeking as a personality factor and family function as an environmental factor can effect on student's tendency towards drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]