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The behavior of undergoing cosmetic surgery is a coping strategy for body-image threats and challenges. Self-objectification is associated with alienation and body image inflexibility, and all of these are associated with stronger cosmetic surgery considerations. This study evaluated the relationship between self-objectification and cosmetic surgery consideration, and whether this relationship was mediated by alienation and body image inflexibility. The participants were 650 Chinese female college students. Serial mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between self-objectification and cosmetic surgery consideration was significantly mediated by alienation followed by body image inflexibility. The total mediating effect value was 0.424, accounting for 57.5% of the total effects. These results suggest that reducing alienation and improving the flexibility of body image can reduce the influence of self-objectification on young women's willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery. These findings provide a basis for intervening or preventing the self-objectified young women's willingness for cosmetic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous work, the corrosion performance and anti‐corrosion mechanism of galvanized steel wire embedded in vegetation‐growing concrete under marine environment was highlighted. In this work, a graphene‐modified epoxy coating was developed and applied to the protection of galvanized steel in vegetation‐growing concrete under a marine environment. The effect of dispersed graphene on the anticorrosion performance of the epoxy coatings was evaluated. The composite coatings displayed outstanding barrier properties against H2O molecules compared to the pure epoxy coating. Salt spray test results revealed superior corrosion resistance offered by the prepared graphene‐modified epoxy coating on galvanized steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new lattice Boltzmann scheme is developed for the two-phase CuO–H2O nanomagnetic fluid (ferrofluid) under a non-uniform variable magnetic field. It introduces the second-order external force term including both MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) and FHD (ferrohydrodynamic) into the lattice Boltzmann equation. The square cavity and a heat source inside the circular cavity with natural convections of nanofluid are investigated, respectively. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra), the volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ), Hartmann number (Ha) generated by MHD, and magnetic number (MnF) generated by FHD on the nanofluid flow and heat transfer properties, as well as the total entropy generation (Stot) have been examined. The two-phase lattice Boltzmann model has demonstrated that it is more accurate in predicting the heat transfer of nanofluid than the single-phase model. Consequently, the results calculated by the single-phase and the two-phase methods show the opposite trends. It indicates that nanoparticles could enhance heat transfer with maximum values of 1.78% or deteriorate heat transfer with maximum values of 14.84%. The results of the circular cavity show that Ha could diminish the flow intensity, whereas MnF could enhance it. The average Nusselt number (Nuave) on the heat source decreases with the augments of Ha and MnF but increases with Ra. An optimal volume fraction φ = 1% for heat transfer is obtained except for Ra = 104. Stot achieves the maximum value at Ha = 40 when Ra = 105. It increases with a rise of Ra but reduces with an increment of φ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has been conducted on one dimensional non-perovskite δ-CsPbBr3, due to its metastability under atmospheric conditions. However, it was discovered that the white metastable δ-CsPbBr3 can be stabilized as δ-CsPbBr2.7I0.3 by substituting 10% Br with I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substrate for vegetation concrete is a new type of plant substrate used for slope protection. While it has demonstrated good performance in slope protection and a greening effect, the sustainability of ecological restoration projects is difficult and there are significant construction risks in areas with frequent earthquakes. In this study, a new type of substrate for vegetation concrete was developed for areas with frequent earthquakes, and a shaking table test was performed to evaluate the seismic performance. The test results indicated that the proposed substrate of the vegetation concrete displayed good stability under seismic excitation at earthquake intensities of V, VI, VII, and VIII. A comparison of several different reinforcement methods under seismic conditions indicated that wavy laying of a flexible net was the best reinforcement method. Through observation of the displacement time history curve and macroscopic phenomenon, the failure process of the substrate layer was obtained and consisted of the following three stages: cracking between substrate layer and bedrock, internal cracking of the substrate layer, and vibration crushing. Ultimately, the research results have significant reference value for ecological restoration projects using substrates for vegetation concrete in areas with frequent earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substrate for vegetation concrete is a new type of plant substrate used for slope protection. While it has demonstrated good performance in slope protection and a greening effect, the sustainability of ecological restoration projects is difficult and there are significant construction risks in areas with frequent earthquakes. In this study, a new type of substrate for vegetation concrete was developed for areas with frequent earthquakes, and a shaking table test was performed to evaluate the seismic performance. The test results indicated that the proposed substrate of the vegetation concrete displayed good stability under seismic excitation at earthquake intensities of V, VI, VII, and VIII. A comparison of several different reinforcement methods under seismic conditions indicated that wavy laying of a flexible net was the best reinforcement method. Through observation of the displacement time history curve and macroscopic phenomenon, the failure process of the substrate layer was obtained and consisted of the following three stages: cracking between substrate layer and bedrock, internal cracking of the substrate layer, and vibration crushing. Ultimately, the research results have significant reference value for ecological restoration projects using substrates for vegetation concrete in areas with frequent earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the co-combustion of coal and biomass, and the tri-combustion of coal, biomass, and oil sludge in a 130 t h−1 circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler are investigated via the computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) approach. Furthermore, the effect of biomass feeding position is also comprehensively evaluated. The results show that for the co-combustion of coal and biomass, the O2 mole fraction at the furnace outlet rises from 0.0541 to 0.0640 as the biomass blending ratio enhances from 40% to 100%, while the CO2 mole fraction reduces from 0.1357 to 0.1267. The mole fraction of NOx and SO2 at the furnace outlet decreases from 4.5867 × 10−5 to 3.9096 × 10−5 and 2.8253 × 10−4 to 4.6635 × 10−5, respectively. For the tri-combustion of three fuels, the average NOx mole fraction initially grows quickly and then declines gradually, ranging from 4.1173 × 10−5 to 4.2556 × 10−5. The mole fraction of SO2 at the furnace outlet increases from 3.5176 × 10−4 to 4.7043 × 10−4 when the ratio of oil sludge rises from 10% to 20%. The uniformity of temperature and gas components distribution is "new inlet > secondary air inlet > feed inlet". As for the three inlet positions, the mole fractions of NOx at the furnace outlet are between 3.9096 × 10−5 and 5.1537 × 10−5, while those for SO2 are between 2.5978 × 10−4 and 2.5278 × 10−4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Large particle size biomass is conducted for oxygen-stream gasification. • The spatial distribution of AAEMs are detected and analyzed. • X-ray CT technology is employed to interpret AAEMs catalytic gasification. • The mechanism of AAEMs catalytic gasification for large particle biomass is studied. To evaluate the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) species on the catalytic gasification of large particle-size biomass, a vertical fixed-bed reactor is conducted for candlenut wood gasification under the oxygen-stream atmosphere. The biochar samples derived from gasification are characterized by SEM, X-ray CT, BET, and FTIR. Tar and syngas are analyzed via GC–MS and GC respectively. Advanced X-ray CT technology provides beneficial visualization to assist in the interpretation of the catalytic gasification of large particle-size biomass loaded with AAEMs. The results indicate that a progressive augmentation of AAEMs content along the radial direction and end surface for all loaded samples and biochar samples, which could also be visualized from the 3D reconstruction of X-ray CT. Many large pores (40–60 μm) aligned along the grain direction collapse after the gasification and generate numerous micropores in biochar samples. 10–20 μm pores are more prominent in biochar as the biomass samples are loaded with KCl and CaCl 2. The biochar from gasification of biomass loaded with CaCl 2 has more well-developed pores, a larger specific surface area, and –OH compounds, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. The addition of AAEMs facilitates the high generation of M1 compounds (contains 1 benzene ring) in the tar and suppresses the enhancement of M4 compounds, long-chain alkanes, and other compounds. The lowest carbon conversion (57.12 %) is acquired from acid-washed sample. H 2 concentration augments but CO concentration declines by loading AAEMs. The highest H 2 concentration of 62.1 % is detected by the addition of CaCl 2. When loaded with KCl, the syngas calorific value reduces by 1.37 %, whereas loaded with NaCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2 show an augmentation of 11.48 %, 10.56 %, and 2.55 %, respectively. A decrement of C n H x concentration in the syngas derived from gasification of biomass samples loaded with KCl and MgCl 2 and an increment one loaded with NaCl and CaCl 2 are acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) containing solid particles by vacuum distillation is essential in various applications, such as in-situ pyrolysis. However, the separation characteristics of solid-containing LTCT using vacuum distillation have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, explorations were conducted with variations in pressure and solid particle concentration by analyzing pitch with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR demonstrated that the organic constituents exhibit greater regularity at higher temperatures, leading to a 2 % reduction in the tightly bound cyclic OH tetramers, an intricate hydrogen bonding. The structural parameters indicate a 2 % decrease in f ar H, alongside a decline in AR from 0.332 to 0.293. This suggests that the low-pressure distillation conditions contribute to an increased retention of aromatic hydrocarbons in pitch, potentially complicating its subsequent utilization. The reduction in F from 2.273 to 2.029 signifies a shorter aliphatic chain, indicative of an intensified degradation effect. The elevated content of solid particles results in a more rigid texture of pitch in micromorphology. This study examined LTCT pitch to clarify the separation mechanism of solid-containing LTCT, offering insights into appropriate vacuum distillation conditions for LTCT separation and aiding in the effective utilization of pitch products. [Display omitted] • Analyzing pitch using FTIR and SEM reveals the LTCT vacuum distillation procedure. • Elevated distillation temperatures lead to deeper deoxygenation of the pitch. • Organic components are arranged more regularly at elevated temperatures. • Too low distillation pressure results in aromatic hydrocarbons remaining in pitch. • Increasing solids content makes the pitch harder and less friable texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid feature selection method combining with wavelet transform (WT) was proposed to analyze the heat value of coal using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The hybrid feature selection method consisted of distance correlation (DC) method and recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) method, which combined the advantages of DC-based filter method and RFECV-based wrapper method. First, WT method was used to filter noise signal from LIBS spectra of coal samples, and the de-noised wavelet coefficients were obtained. Second, the de-noised wavelet coefficients were further eliminated by the hybrid feature selection method. Finally, the retained wavelet coefficients were used directly as input variables to establish a prediction model for heat value determination of coal. 28 powdery coal samples were used in this experiment, of which 21 were calibration set and 7 were validation set. The effectiveness of the hybrid model was studied. Compared with several other models, the proposed hybrid model showed the greatest improvement in predictive accuracy and precision, and the computing time has been greatly reduced. The experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid model can effectively reduce the calculation time and improve the performance of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen-steam gasification of biomass is a promising technology because of its ability to improve syngas quality and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a fixed-bed reactor is employed to assess the effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on the catalytic gasification of candlenut wood with large particle size under the oxygen-steam atmosphere. Two grain directions, radial and axial, are considered for candlenut wood. Various characterization techniques, SEM, X-ray CT, BET, and FTIR, are employed to analyze biochar samples. GC-MS and GC are determined to tar and syngas respectively. The results show that char yield from biomass with axial grain is higher. Acid-washing removes alkali metals (K and Na) better from biomass with axial grain than radial grain, and vice versa for alkaline earth metals (Ca and Mg). In terms of the gasified chars derived from acid-washed biomass, AAEMs content gradually decreases along the end surface and radial direction, which could also be observed from the 3D reconstruction of X-ray CT images. In all samples, micropores (0–10 µm) dominate and are distributed along the grain direction. In general, pores of 20–30 µm and above 30 µm comprise a minor proportion. Inherent AAEMs facilitate an augmentation in char yield as well as BET and total pore volume of gasified char. AAEMs and grain direction have a slight effect on functional groups of gasified chars. Certain organic matter species and content in tar are remarkably affected by the grain direction, since the discrepancies of pore structure and specific surface area. Acid-washing pretreatment augments the content and organic species of M2-M4 compounds (containing 2–4 benzene rings) in the tar. K and Na significantly boost the char steam gasification, water-gas shift, and steam-tars reforming reactions. A decrement in concentrations of H 2 (14.49% and 13.35%), CH 4 (0.51% and 0.89%), and CO 2 (2.32% and 1.37%) in syngas derived from acid-washed samples are acquired, respectively, compared to that of biomass samples with radial and axial grains. However, a reduction of 4.09% and 1.53% in syngas calorific value could be obtained. The C n H x volume fraction is significantly affected by grain direction and AAEMs, with axial grain yielding a higher volume fraction of C 2 H 4 (49.07%), C 2 H 2 (71.29%), and C 3 H 8 (127.36%) from acid-washed sample than that of radial grain. [Display omitted] • AAEMs on catalytic gasification of biomass with large particle size is studied. • X-ray CT is employed to study catalytic gasification of inherent AAEMs. • AAEMs content gradually reduces along the end surface and radial direction. • Inherent AAEMs promote the production of H 2 , CH 4 , and CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]