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Gender equality is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. However, in the advertising industry, several studies have shown the low presence of women working in the field of creativity, occupying management positions and being part of festival juries. The aim of the study is to analyse the presence of women in the field of advertising festivals. The methodology is based on a quantitative analysis of the 2000 to 2023 editions of the Club de Creativos National Creativity Awards and the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The composition of the juries of both festivals, the special awards for professionals in the sector (cdec de Honor and Lion of St. Mark, respectively), the technical specifications of the grand prizes (National Grand Prize for Creativity and Grand Prix won by Spain, respectively) and the management teams of the organising entities are analysed in the indicated period. The results demonstrate the underrepresentation of women in advertising festivals, especially in the composition of the juries, in the special recognitions and in the technical sheets of the most outstanding campaigns, corroborating the findings of previous research. Despite the emerging initiatives that defend parity in the advertising profession, this equality is still not real, nor does it materialize in the events that make the industry visible and recognize its evolution: advertising festivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of gender equality at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana and examines the main results in the broader context of quality in higher education. The Faculty of Arts participated in a project that aimed to develop a gender equality plan for the institution. Data from different aspects of institutional life were collected and analysed to gain a better insight into institutional equality and its relationship with the existing notion of quality in academia, especially through academic career advancement. The study reveals that more women than men tend to remain at the same academic rank for an extended period, particularly at the assistant professor level, and that they meet more objective and subjective obstacles on their academic path. Although there is an increasing awareness of academic policies and practices that foster equality in higher education, there is still a prevalent and strong perception that equality measures compromise academic standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess whether cooperatives are the ideal setting for promoting the work-life balance, a right whose protection has been built in close connection with the promotion of gender equality. To this end, we intend to answer the following questions: (i) What are the main dimensions of the right to work-life balance, and what is the relevance of protecting this right to promote gender equality? (ii) To what extent can the legal regime of cooperatives promote the right to work-life balance and, consequently, gender equality? (iii) What are the main facilitators and obstacles to work-life balance in cooperatives from the perspective of women and men? From a methodological point of view, our study is based on a review of the literature, legislation, and an empirical study. The empirical analysis was based on the results of a questionnaire survey, which yielded 414 valid responses from employees of SEEs, including 62 from cooperatives. The statistical methods followed were descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and post-hoc tests. The findings shed light on the specific challenges faced by employees in cooperatives regarding work-life balance and highlight the importance of open and supportive communication channels within the workplace and flexibility in time management. The results also suggest that cooperatives, according to the perception of employees, are the ones that promote more facilitators and that their organisational culture and climate are favourable to fostering a healthy work-life balance. The observed outcomes can be primarily attributed to the democratic and participatory management inherent in cooperative structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperatives and worker-owned companies, as representatives of the Social Economy, prioritize people over capital. This prioritization is reflected in more equitable and inclusive workforces. Comparative analyses of these types of enterprises compared to commercial enterprises show smaller gender gaps, both in employment participation and in working conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the probability of access to positions of greater responsibility in these enterprises and to see whether women have a greater probability of access in these social economy enterprises than in commercial enterprises, concluding that they face fewer obstacles and that the glass ceiling is more fragile. Based on a decade-long analysis of labor trajectories and social security registration data, estimates indicate that female employees in cooperatives and worker-owned companies have a higher probability of reaching the highest contribution group than men. During the analyzed period, these companies have prioritized the integration of women into decision-making roles and have not faced a glass ceiling. This trend is particularly evident among workers aged over 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It analyzes the behavior of enrollment and academic performance of men and women in careers with low female presence. After creating a set of indexes of gender gaps and internal efficiency, a descriptive and longitudinal statistical analysis of academic registration databases of the programmatic offerings of a public university between 2014 and 2023 was performed. As a result, women apply less to engineering, but once they choose this option, they show a better academic performance. Although female enrollment has expanded, in areas such as engineering there is evidence of lags and gaps. It is women who show higher rates of retention, permanence, approval and timely graduation, in addition to presenting a significantly higher average performance. The argument of lower mathematical competencies of women to explain their professional choices in engineering is questioned. It highlights the importance of socio-educational interventions of attitudinal change that expand their choices to this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, the participation of women in the artisanal fishery has been invisibilized and little studied, in particular because their participation in the process of fishery extraction has been restricted in many small-scale Peruvian communities. For this reason, the objective of the present study is to characterize the participation of women involved in the artisanal fishery in the coves of El Ñuro y Los Órganos from Northern Peru, under the context of climate change. We analyzed through participatory methodologies, the capitals and livelihoods of women, their participation in the productive chain of the artisanal fishery, and the co-design of afirmative actions for their adaptation to climate change. We found that women participate in fishery process as: preparation, handling, primary sale, transport and final sale; however for future artisanal fishery projects with gender approach the following affirmative actions are necessary: added value processing, biofertilizers production, ecotourism, sustainable aquaculture, marine gastronomy and handcrafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports some findings that were identified in the first phase of a qualitative investigation, in which women who work as professors of the degrees in architecture and urbanism of the Faculty of Architecture of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FA-UNAM) were interviewed. The research aims to identify practices in the teaching of architectural-urban disciplines that could strengthen gender stereotypes and make violence against women -teachers and/or students-invisible. Through the "feminist interview", it seeks to know the specificity of the experiences of women as teachers in an academic and disciplinary space that still exhibits a strong patriarchal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates the failure of African constitutionalism to accompany the evolution of women's civil and political rights on the continent in an equal manner, to the extent that the law has presented itself as an instrument for maintaining power. It guarantees social and political privileges to men, who use cultural pretexts to reaffirm their hegemonic position as the only universal subject and who, at the same time, determine ways of legitimizing patriarchal, sexist and misogynist normativity, conveyed by a phallocentric discourse that limits various rights to women, victims of a policy and legal narrative linked to compulsory maternity, the reducibility of negative freedoms and the non-inclusion of women in the democratic process. This situation ends up affecting reproductive rights, the right to development, the right to work, the right to political participation and the right to participate at state level. On the other hand, there is a naturalization of androcentric and macho culture, which has contributed to high levels of domestic and sexual violence. The article calls for legislative, hermeneutic and public policy communication that can be triggered by African constitutionalism, with a view to achieving gender justice in African states, reversing the structural dimension of naturalized sexism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the work of universities for gender equality and inclusion is recognized as a necessity. The diversity of the university community, the need to advance in gender and the presence of various manifestations of violence are evident. The aim of this work is to analyze the main achievements, obstacles and challenges in the promotion of gender equality in higher education institutions in the south-southeast of Mexico. The meetings and disagreements when working on social inclusion and the challenges that joint work brings with it are highlighted. The methodology is phenomenology. The techniques were: semi-structured interviews with 5 institutional gender equality representatives from different mexican universities. Additionally, a content analysis of various institutional documents was developed. Various advances in gender equality are evident. The main challenges are linked to the need to ensure progress to mainstream and institutionalize the gender perspective. In relation to inclusion, it is evident that the advances are very incipient. The work has focused on attention to gender violence due to its severity and magnitude. Working on inclusion within universities, under the framework of human rights, is a relatively recent task. The conceptual deficiencies in relation to inclusion, the difficulties in meeting the needs and for the operability in the face of the diversity of problems to be addressed are discussed. Some challenges are posed to favor a comprehensive approach promoting the construction of spaces for reflection, analysis and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to evaluate the level of knowledge and understanding of sexual and reproductive rights among girls, boys and adolescents in the Guamote Canton and evaluate the impact of an educational program designed to address this gap. A cross-sectional survey was used to measure sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practices related to sexual and reproductive rights. Based on the identified knowledge gap, an educational program on sexual and reproductive rights was subsequently developed and implemented. The investigation was located in the Guamote Canton, Ecuador. 65 girls, boys and adolescents from the Guamote Canton participated. An educational program on sexual and reproductive rights was designed and delivered after a significant lack of awareness was identified. Primary Measurements: The primary metric was participants' awareness and understanding of the concept of reproductive rights. The results suggest that 55.38% of the participants have a lack of awareness about reproductive rights. This surprising finding emphasized an important knowledge gap, pointing to the need for educational interventions tailored to this demographic. It was concluded that there is a pressing need to improve awareness and understanding of sexual and reproductive rights among the target demographic in the Guamote canton. The identified lack of knowledge highlights the importance of educational initiatives to promote informed decision making and the realization of reproductive rights. This study serves as a basis for designing and implementing effective educational programs that address the specific needs of this group and contribute to a broader conversation about sexual and reproductive rights at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a feminist institutional approach, we examine the dominant institutional views and frameworks explaining company positions regarding the implementation of gender policies. A multiple case study was performed on four Spanish companies involved in sectors related to the circular bioeconomy. The analysis relied on secondary sources and semi-structured interviews with women in positions of responsibility in these companies. The results provide evidence on the gender issues encountered and their limitations in terms of organizational change, as well as the dominant institutional frameworks of the companies. The findings suggest that the main drivers for change are intense state regulation, company commitment to formalizing measures and the presence of critical actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of gender-sensitive parliaments and applies new analytical categories to the case of the Basque Parliament. The main objectives are to analyse the presence and role of women parliamentarians; to gain knowledge about the gender agenda; to study the equality measures implemented in the organisation; and to assess the degree to which the Basque Parliament can be considered gender-sensitive. The study deals with the dimensions of political representation (both descriptive and substantive), legislative, scrutiny and policy-proposing functions, as well as internal organisation throughout the parliamentary terms of the 21st century. The research operationalises the level of gender sensitivity of parliaments and applies this concept to the Basque Parliament by presenting a measurement index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, Sweden has established itself as a "world leader" in gender equality. Alongside this development, Swedish politicians have also initiated ambitious plans that aim to establish the country as "world class" in terms of digitalization. International research shows that women and racialized groups are in a minority in the design processes, that AI facial recognition systems are built with white male faces as the norm, and that digital tools replicate racial injustices. In this paper, we are interested in if, and if so how, gender equality is articulated and thus filled with meaning in national policies on AI and digitalization. The overall aim is to discuss the potential of gender (equality) mainstreaming to challenge systems of privilege in the implementation of AI systems in the public sector. The paper analyses how gender equality is filled with meaning in national policy documents on AI and gender equality. The main findings show that gender equality is turned into a question of lack of knowledge and information, which in turn blocks out an understanding of gender equality as something that is related to gendered power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, women have a more significant presence in various fields, including science, despite enduring stereotypes that label certain disciplines as male-dominated. This research explores the career paths of women in Atlixco, Puebla, through a mixed-method approach. A quantitative analysis was conducted using numerical data from the National Information System of Researchers for 2022. On the qualitative side, the research trajectories of female researchers affiliated with the SNII and working at two Public Higher Education Institutions (IPES) in Atlixco (BUAP and Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Atlixco) were examined. The findings reveal that although the number of female researchers has increased, it remains lower than that of their male counterparts. Women's participation in research in Atlixco is meager, highlighting the need to promote their involvement in scientific activities. Additionally, IPES should support women in postgraduate studies and scientific endeavors to address the region's social and environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Costa Rica there have been significant changes in the order of representation. From a socio-historical perspective, and creating three specific periods (Hegemonic-PLN, Bipartisan, and Multiparty), we can explore the change in representation by gender in the country's Parliament. The legal-electoral findings in the case of the new Electoral Code emphasize vertical and horizontal parity. For the central period of study --the Multipartidista--, there is a continuity towards the equality of women and men in the Parliament. The study is carried out with a quantitative methodology. Analyzing in detail some data for 2022 we find, among other results, that there's a majority of man legislators in the provinces of San José, Heredia y Puntarenas; and in Alajuela, Cartago y Limón the majority are women legislators. And being parity with vertical and horizontal alternation a successful tool in the female presence in the 2022 congress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ongoing concern in our discipline is to recover the contributions made to academia and society by women geographers who remain in oblivion. In this research, we have brought to light and rescued those who were trailblazers in Geography and who, probably, were models and examples for other women. After an intensive information search, forty-two women geographers from various parts of the world have been identified. With their names; year of birth and death; country of origin; awards or membership in geographical associations; contributions to academia or to society; and places explored, we have created a database that allows us to establish relationships between their biographies. The results obtained from this analysis have been structured in four sections: pioneering students and teachers in Geography, recognition by geographical societies, scientific contributions to academia and society, and places visited analyzed from a geographical perspective. Most probably, it is possible that not all of them are included, so the authors will continue their search to make them visible and prevent them from being forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality is a purpose from educational policies aimed to eliminating sociocultural inequalities that limit the exercise of children's rights. At present, gender stereotypes that legitimize the roles exercised by girls and boys that limit the forms of participation persist, promoting different levels of exclusion in school life. The objective of this work is to analyze the perceptions of a group of sixth grade students, about how they consider they should participate in school dynamics due to their gender condition, to detect those stereotypes that influence the practice of their participation. A descriptive study was carried out using a Likert-type questionnaire to 64 students. The results show that gender stereotypes are reproduced that provide children with greater ease and freedom to express themselves, as well as to make decisions. Modifications in the care roles were also identified, within which, they begin to have greater interference. In parallel, it was found that these stereotypes represent structural difficulties for the self-recognition of the participatory capacities of girls. It is recommended to take participation as a fundamental element for the exercise of citizenship in gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Datafication in today’s communicative ecosystem poses a challenge to media and digital literacy, especially with regard to young people’s participation and civic and democratic engagement. We address this issue using the notion of digital citizenship, in order to study the gender digital divide as it relates to competence (i.e., skills and knowledge) and the possibility of leveraging said competence to promote civic education grounded in gender equality in the digital environment. For this study, we surveyed a representative sample of 600 young people between the ages of 16 and 18 in Spain to gauge their digital competence through three variables: technical skills, informational skills and critical knowledge. We then performed a descriptive analysis resulting in percentages, means and standard deviations and a bivariate analysis using significance testing (T-tests) between the above variables and the gender variable. Results show a relative balance between men and women in technical and informational digital skills, albeit tipped slightly in favour of women. By contrast, men claim to have more critical knowledge. Based on these results, we discuss the need to consider the contributions of feminist theories in the field of technology to develop proposals for teaching digital competence that encourage active digital citizenship based on gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have the right to be equal in all fields. This needs to be mainstreamed across the entire legal system, enshrined in both law and law enforcement, including positive measures such as quotas. As all areas of life are concerned with gender equality, efforts are needed to root out gender-based discrimination everywhere. Empowering women, and improving the status of women in society is a measure to accelerate the progress of countries towards achieving the goals of socially sustainable development. Vietnam is one of the countries that is always interested in women's empowerment and gender equality in the process of sustainable development of the country. From the analysis of gender and feminist theories, the article will point out the motivating effects of women's empowerment for socially sustainable development goals. Thereby, proposing solutions, contributing to the good implementation of women's empowerment, and improving the status and role of women towards the goal of socially sustainable development in Vietnam now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between the institutional frameworks and the promotion of gender equality, considering the corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement, has been scarcely analyzed from the experiences of developing economies. We aimed to contribute to fill that gap, bringing to the debate the concepts of emancipation in organizations and support groups. We asked: in which ways, gender equality fostered by initiatives implemented in developing economies by transnational corporations in the form of support groups allow for organizational transformations that strengthen the process of women's emancipation in the corporate world? So, an ethnography was undertaken within a transnational company of the financial sector that operates in Brazil. The results show that these initiatives can only lead to organizational transformations that strengthen women's empowerment if they are inscribed in an institutional framework that guarantees the participation of multiple actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Al configurar la relación de trabajo a nivel internacional, la OIT reprodujo inicialmente la narrativa normativa occidental de la relación de trabajo típica. Cuando el Sur global y las mujeres ganaron voz, una narrativa igualitaria alternativa se opuso a la hegemonía de la relación de trabajo típica y generó una estratificación de narrativas. Desde el institucionalismo histórico y la teoría de la estructuración, los autores observan la trayectoria de estas narrativas y tratan de explicarlas por la evolución de la composición de la OIT y de la representación femenina en la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo. De ello extraen una serie de conclusiones jurídico‐políticas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, feminism has driven a gender equality agenda in development policies. Decolonial and intersectional feminisms, for example, have played an anti-racist and anti-colonial agenda. Women's demands have found different degrees of incorporation into international plans, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this scenario, this work compared gender equality in the MDGs and the SDGs to analyze their advances and challenges in the face of the gender mainstreaming agenda and intersectional and decolonial demands. Documental research was carried out on the objectives, targets, and results of the MDGs and the objectives and targets of the SDGs. The results indicate that the SDGs are more ambitious than the MDGs by adopting a broader and more transversal approach to gender equality. However, there are important gaps in operationalizing an approach to gender inequalities that considers the intersections of different forms of discrimination that affect different groups of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, non-cognitive values (political, class, religious, etc.) have been considered to negatively influence science. From feminism, gender biases and prejudices have been particularly criticized. However, people engaged in science are not isolated, but develop their activity in a specific sociohistorical context. As such, they may belong to different communities: the scientific, one in whose paradigm they have been educated, but also to other communities, like religious, political, etc. In this paper I show, with three examples, how belonging to one of these communities and their non-cognitive values (in this case socio-political ones such as feminists), can contribute to re-evaluate the available evidence and improve our hypotheses and theories, challenging old -- and new -- prejudices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does electing Islamist parties help or hurt women? Due to Ennahda winning a plurality in the 2011 elections and women from all parties winning 31% of seats, Tunisia offers an opportunity to test the impact of legislator gender and Islamist orientation on women's representation. Using original 2012 surveys of 40 Tunisian parliamentarians (MPs) and 1200 citizens, we find that electing female and Islamists MPs improves women's symbolic and service responsiveness by increasing the likelihood that female citizens are aware of and contact MPs. Electing Islamist female MPs has a positive impact on women's symbolic and service responsiveness, but decreases the likelihood that men will interact with legislators. We argue that Islamist deputies are more responsive to women due to an Islamic mandate effect—that is, Islamist parties' efforts to institutionalize their constituency relations, provide services to the marginalized through direct contact with citizens, and respect norms of piety by using female parliamentarians to reach women in sex‐segregated spaces. While Islamist parties positively impact some dimensions of women's representation, they also reinforce traditional gender relations. Our results extend the literature on Islam, gender, and governance by demonstrating that quotas and party institutionalization improve women's representation in clientelistic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to: a) collect and describe those non-university educational experiences carried out between 2017 and 2020 on gender equality collected in the Spanish Service-Learning Network and b) know the perception of professionals as project coordinators. To do this, semi-structured interviews have been carried out (n=7) analyzed through the SWOT matrix. Among the results obtained, the promotion of values of equality and civility stands out, while difficulties such as poor teacher training or low involvement of teachers outside the project are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality is defined as equal rights, opportunities and responsibilities between men and women; however, in asymmetric contexts, such as those experienced in Latin America, there are still unfavorable attitudes towards the role of women within political, social and labor spaces. Added to this conflicting reality is the lack of valid, reliable instruments that allow knowing the attitudes towards gender equality in university populations. For this reason, the objective of the research is to determine the psychometric properties of a scale on gender equality and, subsequently, carry out a descriptive and comparative analysis. It is comparative descriptive psychometric research, whose sample consisted of 206 students from the universities of the city of Piura, Peru, to whom a scale of attitudes towards gender equality was applied, composed of 29 items, distributed in three dimensions. The psychometric results determine a content validity with values of 1.00 in terms of pertinence, clarity and relevance for all items, a KMO of .873, in the matrix of the rotated factor, 3 dimensions have been extracted with an absolute value of 0.40, the reliability at a general level and by dimensions obtained through the Omega coefficient presented values higher than 0.80, within the percentile norms three evaluation categories have been obtained: from 0 to 25 low, from 26 to 75 it was average and from 76 onwards it was tall. Regarding the descriptive results, it has been found that the highest percentage of university students present unfavorable attitudes towards gender equality; It has been found that men have greater attitudes towards gender equality, depending on the universities where they study, no significant differences have been found. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that, at a psychometric level, the instrument has been valid and reliable in its entirety; the highest percentage of university students have slightly unfavorable attitudes towards gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an overview of Peruvian studies and research on men and masculinities. This field of study has around forty years of existence and Peru has contributed with scholarship that advances the field both theoretically and methodologically. This overview identifies seven main areas prioritized by Peruvian social scientists: 1) the construction of masculinities; 2) masculinities and gender violence; 3) reconstruction and relearning of masculinities; 4) paternities; 5) emotions and corporality; 6) representations of masculinities in the media and literature; and 7) masculinities and gender diversity. I conclude this overview by highlighting new ways for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: La actual pandemia ha puesto de manifiesto las desigualdades de género haciendo aumentar los cuidados no remunerados que realizan las mujeres y las niñas y las vulnerabilidades de las cuidadoras remuneradas, a menudo mujeres que trabajan de manera informal. A partir de una base de datos mundial sobre políticas de protección social adoptadas frente a la COVID‐19 (asistencia social, seguros sociales y programas de mercado de trabajo), se examina si estas respuestas integran o no los cuidados y de qué forma. Se observa que algunas respuestas abordan los cuidados remunerados o no remunerados, pero muy pocas abordan ambos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history several pandemics have been experienced. However, the current covid-19 disease has caught societies and individuals off guard, leading to social isolation and the experimentation of new work situations, such as distance learning. Since teaching is a feminized profession, in Portugal, in this article we tried to discuss the consequences for female teachers of the double journey at home, accumulating work and family care, which is part of a general logic of neoliberalism. However, we found that despite some changes in legislation and in daily life regarding gender equality, it has essentially fallen to women to take care of their children and younger daughters or older parents. Therefore, in daily practice, there is still a way to go in the teaching profession to effectively lead to gender equality and inclusion for the citizenship of all people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the application of the principle of gender equality to the Catholic Church in the field of non-labor associative relationships, in the context of a recent decision of the Spanish Supreme Court. The ruling recognizes the right of a Catholic association to admit only male members. This controversy raises a number of important issues, both from the point of view of possible conflicting rights (equality and organizational autonomy), and from the point of view of public opinion, in relation to a hypothetical discrimination against women in religious institutions in general, and in the Catholic Church in particular. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the various elements of the problem, trying to distinguish real conflicts, at a legal level, from merely apparent contradictions. It also provides some criteria to assess cases of this kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaling the summit for women's rights: From local to global and global to local (p.21) Bandana Rana Finding your voice and identity for many women in South Asia, including Nepal, is like climbing Mt. Everest, the highest peak in the world—not an easy task with deeply embedded patriarchal values and gender norms. Violence against women, particularly domestic violence, is the biggest deterrent to women's advancement and development. However, with support from a vibrant women's movement and civil society activism, scaling this mountainous hurdle can be possible. This article examines both the challenges that women in Nepal face and the progress that women's rights groups have achieved in promoting gender equality in that country. Through both personal and systemic reflections, world-renown women's rights activist Bandana Rana presents her journey for gender equality from the local to the global and back. Tradition, development, and gender equality: Addressing the incoherences through collective action (p.32) Tara Lipovina This article addresses gender coherence for development, defined as transformative development that addresses systemic power differences that discriminate against women. Following the contribution from Bandana Rana, this scientific article reflects on challenges that women face in Nepal, with specific discussion of patriarchal traditions. However, the analysis notes that the development does not necessarily positively effect gender equality. Regional policies, such as the European Union's neighborhood policies in the Western Balkans (specifically in Montenegro), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nation's economic policies often undermine the gender equality initiatives from these regions. The article identifies collective action and norm ownership as important bases for achieving transformative development that promotes gender equality. Mujeres indígenas, desarrollo y derecho a una vida libre de violencia (p.40) Mónica Carrasco Gómez y Perla O. Fragoso Lugo En este artículo se argumenta la relevancia de la participación directa de las mujeres indígenas en la planeación, modelación, ejecución y evaluación de las políticas públicas dirigidas a ellas como una población diversa, con agendas comunes a las de las mujeres mestizas, pero también con necesidades, problemáticas y propuestas distintas e incluso diferenciadas según su propio grupo cultural. Para ello nos centramos en el abordaje de los programas gubernamentales y la literatura producida en torno al desarrollo social y al combate a la violencia de género contra las mujeres en el estado de Chiapas, la entidad con el mayor número de habitantes hablantes de una lengua indígena en México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender study is of difficult treatment for the discrimination to which it is linked. In the present day, it is suspected that breaches exist among what is legislated and its practice in Ecuador. For this, the main aims of the present article is to analyze the problem related with the equality and non discrimination in the Ecuadorian educational environment. For their development we carried out a study of the case of the Ecuadorian reality and we analyzed the main causes that limit the applicability of the legislation. The study was carried out with 104 Ecuadorian professors selected with simple random sampling, divided in two groups, one of them corresponding to professors of primary level and the other one to middle higher level. To both groups they were asked to fill a questionnaire of 9 questions on this thematic, and the answers of the two groups were compared by means of the test U of Mann-Whitney. We obtained as a result that there was a significant difference between both groups and both of them showed some limitations in this subject. Additionally we obtained mental maps which serve to propagate the knowledge in genre equality in the school framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing scholarship documents large worldwide increases in women's participation in the public sphere over recent decades, for example, in education, politics, and the labor force. Some scholars have argued that these changes follow broader trends in world society, especially its growing liberalism, which increasingly has reconfigured social life around the choices of empowered and rights-bearing individuals, regardless of gender. Very recently, however, a variety of populisms and nationalisms have emerged to present alternatives to liberalism, including in the international arena. We explore here their implications for women's participation in public life. We use cross-national data to analyze changes in women's participation in higher education, the polity, and the economy 1970–2017. We find that women's participation on average continues to expand over this period, but there is evidence of a growing cross-national divergence. In most domains, women's participation tends to be lower in countries linked to illiberal international organizations, especially in the recent-most period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to: a) collect and describe those non-university educational experiences carried out between 2017 and 2020 on gender equality collected in the Spanish Service-Learning Network and b) know the perception of professionals as project coordinators. To do this, semi-structured interviews have been carried out (n=7) analyzed through the SWOT matrix. Among the results obtained, the promotion of values of equality and civility stands out, while difficulties such as poor teacher training or low involvement of teachers outside the project are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To estimate unmet need for family planning with modern methods, identifying related factors, in men from Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, and Panama. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from nationally representative surveys in Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, and Panama to analyze 15-59 years old married or cohabiting men in need of family planning. The relationship of factors with unmet need was tested using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The unsatisfied need was higher in Haiti (46.5%), followed by Panama (43.0%), Guatemala (36.8%), Honduras (21.3%), and Colombia (12.4%). The adjusted odds ratio for unmet need increased with age in all countries and were greater in men from indigenous people of Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama; in those who were living in households with less well-being in Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama; and in those who reported formal cohabiting in Guatemala and Honduras. The adjusted odds ratio for unsatisfied need diminished with increasing education in Haiti; with greater knowledge of modern methods in Guatemala and Honduras; if they discussed family planning with a health professional or worker in Haiti and Panama; and if they received information on family planning in the media in Colombia. Conclusions: There are demographic, socioeconomic, access to information, and behavioral factors related to unsatisfied need. Including men in family planning programs and in the development of culturally accepted interventions would help accelerate the achievement of the responsible and voluntary exercise of the right to decide whether, when, and how often to reproduce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is in the rural reality of our country that cultural policies are showing more clearly the birth of a new cultural paradigm in which the interrelation between culture, equality and sustainable development is evident every day. Without an overflow of the conventional sectoral gaze in our cultural policies, we cannot understand the new debates and transformative forces that are emerging in rural Spain, debates and initiatives in which the role and protagonism of women is being decisive. In this article we draw an overview of the main lines of force that are disputing a new concept or rurality from equality in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law of Civil Rights of Women, No. 10783, of the year 1946, came to be an innovation and a great advance in terms of equality of rights between men and women, this process of gender equality continues without a doubt until the present. In this context, based on the current Constitution when said law was signed (Constitution of 1942), the articles and rights established in the aforementioned law are contrasted and analyzed with the provisions of the constitutional text, to review whether perhaps such rights emanated from the Constitution itself, trying to propose, some way of interpreting it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public procurement constitutes one of the major instruments available to the Administration in order to comply with the constitutional and legal mandates aimed at fulfilling the general interest. Spanish legislation on public contracts has undergone numerous reforms in recent years, especially due to the influence of European Union law. This has led to the promotion of a more socially oriented public procurement. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to assess when and how gender perspective can be present in the public contracts formalized by public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review article was to address the different advances in gender equality practices in organizations in three Latin American countries. It highlights the value of gender equality programs or initiatives that position the commitment of organizations to human rights, decent work and social justice. However, there are challenges within organizational culture in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of those programs. This article emphasizes the importance of making a multidimensional understanding and anchoring between individual processes, organizational practices and organizational culture in order to eliminate discriminatory norms and exclusion practices generated by the various biases and gender stereotypes that are reproduced within organizations on issues such as work-family reconciliation, exercise of leadership, workload, remuneration and lack of knowledge about gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic has unequally affected men and women, highlighting gender inequalities in society. It advocates for a new social and constitutional pact that promotes equality between men and women. Five main topics are mentioned, including the impact of teleworking on the gender gap, the role of the internet and social networks, domestic violence during confinement, changes in the model of masculinity, and the importance of care. The need to value and recognize care work is emphasized, as well as adopting an ethics of care at an individual and collective level. It invites to make changes from a feminist perspective to achieve a more egalitarian society. [Extracted from the article]

The Law for the effective equality of women and men establishes various tools to act on structural or diffuse discrimination that prevents equality in the field of artistic and intellectual creation and production. One of them is the application of positive action policies, commonly known as quota policies. The research carried out for the Observatory of Gender Equality in the field of Culture of the Ministry of Culture and Sports in order to evaluate the application of the Law, has revealed two closely related key phenomena. On the one hand, the ineffectiveness of the Law in allowing women access to the power of artistic legitimation, the maximum power of the cultural system, the one that establishes the meaning, the one that controls the construction of the canon. On the other, an enormous resistance of the system to the application of positive action measures within the framework of cultural policies. This resistance is organized through discourses that serve as an anchor to perpetuate the power of artistic legitimation. The four main stories that raise the retaining wall in the face of positive action policies are analyzed in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the social changes that we are currently experiencing, there is a need to promote effective equality and gender equity in higher education studies. From this perspective, gambling as a methodology that bases its principles on the recreational components of games allows the promotion of gender equality in the processes of teaching and learning in university studies. The work presented is part of the research carried out from the development of a teaching innovation project for the implementation of active methodologies (gambling with badges) with the intention of promoting the acquisition of content by students in the Social Education Degree, as well as an improvement in their perception of gender equity. The methodology used was quantitative, with an ad hoc pre- and post-gammarization questionnaire. The results of the implementation of the gamification as an active methodology for teaching were evaluated as highly positive. Finally, the use of this methodology significantly increased the acquisition of the contents of the subject, in addition to observing a favourable trend in the perceptions and attitudes of the students regarding key aspects of equal opportunities between women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial competencies and access to markets to generate economic income by women as promoters of entrepreneurship in times of COVID-19 pandemic are still not clearly defined; for such considerations, the present research aims to establish the characteristics of the aforementioned competencies of women as entrepreneurs in the framework of the Peruvian Bicentennial, in times of crisis. The research is framed within the methodology of qualitative approach; and, of hermeneutic phenomenological design. We interviewed 15 women entrepreneurs from different fields; and the results show that women must share a role in the household while they seek to undertake to improve their economy and face the crisis. It is concluded that women entrepreneurs have difficulties due to their limitations in terms of financing, their social role and gender stereotypes. Entrepreneurship is her main fear linked to the neglect of her home. The identification of opportunities through an analysis of the environment is not a planned practice, so the culture and capacities for medium-and long-term planning should be strengthened. They have adapted to technology to manifest their entrepreneurship and assert their creative skills, knowledge and innovation in products and services, discovering a diversity of possible activities to develop in their free time. It is essential to strengthen gender equality in entrepreneurship in order to overcome the problem of inequality in relation to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who writes the news in the Chilean press according to gender? Who are the sources, male or female, in the Chilean press? Is there a relationship between the gender of journalists and the gender of the sources in the Chilean press? This article studies the gender of the Chilean newsroom and their sources in 12,113 news through a quantitative method with a computational social science approach. This method combines web scraping and natural language processing techniques to gather and preprocess data, facilitating the exploration of complex social phenomena. Results show important biases in journalists and source gender. From a sample of 158 journalists, 99 were men (63%) and 59 women (37%). Also, from 12,113 news, 7,565 (62%) were written by male and 4,548 (38%) by female journalists. Of the 12,334 sources mentioned in the news, 9,771 were men (79%) and 2,563 were women (21%). A significant finding is that equality in the newsroom is related to how female and male journalists choose their sources. In other words, when a media has a newsroom with gender equality, the sources of the journalists are more equitable too. These results have important insights to discuss within the journalism schools, to make students aware of the gender bias in the profession. Furthermore, if the presence of female - journalists or sources-increased in the media, it would allow them to grow their media power and status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We problematize gender inequalities surrounding independent theater awards in Córdoba (Argentina) to understand the logic of recognition in an asymmetric world of art. To this end, we theoretically review the criteria of distinction from a gender perspective, considering aesthetic and extra-aesthetic aspects of the works, as well as the notion of genius, historically associated with the role of direction. We also analyze the recognition and self-recognition of women and dissidence in directorial roles. We then examine public and private spheres as organizers of theatrical practices. We examine the case of the Provincial Theater Awards. We include statistical data, systematize the repercussions of the 2019 edition and compare positions on possible affirmative or transformative solutions regarding the injustices involved in recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the labor inequality experienced by women and men is evident in income. The objective of this work was to analyze the economic income of women and men in economic activities in Mexico, during the last 15 years, based on the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, in order to detect wage gaps by gender. Method: to carry out the analysis, the 20 activity sectors contemplated in the North American Industrial Classification System were considered. Information was extracted from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment about the sex, hourly income, years of schooling and age of the individuals. The basic decomposition equation Oaxaca-Blinder was applied after conducting econometric analysis through multiple linear regressions through Mincer's wage equation. Results: the results of the analysis show a wage gap in the economic activities of, on the one hand a) construction, and b) transportation, commerce, and storage, favorable to women in each of the years of the analysis. On the other hand, in the activities of c) corporate, and d) other services, except activities government, it is appreciated a wage gap favorable to men in all years of the study. Discussion or Conclusion: the economic income has allowed showing the salary difference between men and women in the different economic activities of Mexico, favorable in some activities to women although in the majority it is favorable to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las políticas de apoyo a las familias con hijos/as resultan fundamentales para la adecuación del sistema de protección social al paradigma de la inversión social. En el marco de estas políticas, las prestaciones de apoyo a la conciliación se constituyen como uno de los pilares fundamentales. Orientadas a impulsar una participación equilibrada entre mujeres y hombres en la vida familiar y en el mercado de trabajo, estas prestaciones se posicionan como herramienta para avanzar en la igualdad de oportunidades en el empleo, romper con los roles y estereotipos tradicionales de género, y cubrir las necesidades de atención y cuidado de los niños/as. Este trabajo realiza una aproximación exploratoria a estas prestaciones. Primero, se realiza una revisión de la literatura académica, presentando las principales evidencias acerca de los impactos de estas prestaciones sobre distintas dimensiones. Seguidamente, se describen las principales formas de estructuración de estas prestaciones en el ámbito internacional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, political parties are a fundamental barrier to achieving more equal representation. This paper focuses on Ecuador, which has become a regional pioneer in the legal aspects of political equality, but whose parties nevertheless show notable resistance to implementing these regulations. The main objective is to identify the extent to which Ecuador's political parties and movements promote or impede women's participation and political representation. To this end, the work forms part of an empirical-descriptive approach that seeks to construct an index for comparing the modalities and strategies political parties implement to promote equality between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]