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Purpose: To determine the effect of sufentanil on myocardial apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Methods: Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham, model, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose. The groups, except sham, underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to establish the MIRI model. The low, moderate, and high-dose groups received intraperitoneal injections of sufentanil at different concentrations. Cardiac function, serum LDH, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis genes and protein levels of p38 and p-p38 were assessed in myocardial tissues using various methods while apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Results: Compared to sham group, the model group exhibited significant decrease in fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF), increase in CK activity, LDH, and MDA contents, lower SOD activity. Model group also showed increase in mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and caspase-3, higher apoptosis, significant increase in protein levels of p38 and p-p38, and higher level of myocardial apoptosis (p < 0.05). High-dose group demonstrated significant increase in FS and EF, decrease in LDH content and CK activity, lower MDA content, higher SOD activity, decrease in mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and caspase-3, lower apoptosis, decrease in protein levels of p38 and p-p38, and lower level of myocardial apoptosis (p < 0.05), when compared with model group. Conclusion: High-dose sufentanil reduces myocardial apoptosis and improves cardiac function, and thus can potentially be developed as a cardioprotective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for determining the judging factors for evaluating the resource individuals based on the analysis about the supply chain resource integration (SCRI) in online shopping and from the perspective of the dynamic coordination and equilibrium between the supply and demand service capacities. Moreover, it demonstrates that this SCRI is a dynamic and coalitional game process. During this process, the changes in both the subjective game strategies of resource individuals and in the objective factors can facilitate the dynamism of SCRI. This paper puts forward a decision method by building a comprehensive evaluation function based on the rational division of the game process, and subsequently uses fuzzy membership functions to describe the changes in the subjective and objective conditions of both game sides, as well as the changes in their game psychology for profit-taking and risk aversion at different game stages. Finally, the paper presents an application case to verify the effectiveness of the SCRI decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fern root (FR) was used in the biofuel production for the first time. However, fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysate of FR starch (EHFS) directly to butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum CGMCC1.0134 resulted in a low butanol production and yield with high content of starch residual. After adding yeast extract (YE) solution (with a 3 g/L final concentration in broth) into EHFS, the butanol production, productivity, and yield were raised by 174%, 250%, and 183%, respectively. Monitoring changes of free amino acid concentration in the fermentation broth indicated that aspartic acid families and serine families were stimulated to accumulate by YE addition. Gene expression analysis further revealed that ctfB coding CoAtransferase was induced by adding YE into EHFS. It was concluded that EHFS could be a promising substrate for butanol fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was seeded to a sequencing batch reactor treating phenol wastewater. Compared to the contrast reactor (R1), the bioaugmented reactor (R2) exhibits better performance in sludge settling ability, as well as biomass and phenol removal, even though the added fungus is not persistently surviving in the reactor. Bioaugmentation improved bacterial population, growing up to 10,000 times higher than that of eukaryotes. Metagenomic sequencing results show the bioaugmentation finally increases bacterial and eukaryotic richness, but reduces their community diversity. In contrast to R1, bacterial distribution in R2 is more concentrated in Proteobacteria . The relative abundances of filamentous fungi, yeast and microalgae in R2 are all higher than those in R1 at different treatment phases, and two reactors are finally dominated by different protozoan and metazoan. In conclusion, P. chrysosporium improves reactor performances by influencing microbial community structure, and this phenomenon might be attributed to the ecological competition in sludge and toxicity reduction of phenol wastewater. The novelty of this study emphasizes why a species which is not persistently active in bioreactor still plays a crucial role in enhancing reactor performance. Results obtained here impact the conventional criteria for selection of bioaugmentation microbes used in activated sludge systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present paper, a novel method to accelerate sludge granulation is presented. Inoculation with chlamydospores of Phanerochaete sp. HSD accelerated sludge granulation during the treatment process of phenol wastewater, and the sludge granulation rate reached 66±2% on day 7, 32 days earlier than that of the control inoculated with activated sludge only. Aerobic granule in R1 (AGR1) showed an annual ring-like multilayer structure and a primary core also existed in the nuclear area of the granule. The mechanism of rapid granulation revealed that the chlamydospore could survive in phenol wastewater and form the primary matrix on which aerobic granule was developed layer by layer. In addition, AGR1 developed in a phenol uptake system to counteract the adverse effects of phenol inhibition. Higher tolerance toward wastewater with high phenol strength was exhibited, and the maximum specific phenol degradation rate reached 1.54gphenolg−1 VSSday−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Co-culture of Penicillium sp. HSD07B and Candida tropicalis resulted in the production of a red pigment consisting of six components as determined by TLC and HPLC. The pigment showed no acute toxicity in mice and was mot mutagenic in the Ames test. The pigment was stable between pH 2 and 10 and temperatures of 10–100°C and exhibited good photo-stability and resistance to oxidization by hydrogen peroxide and reduction by Na2SO3. Glucose and ratio of C. tropicalis to strain HSD07B (w/w) in the inoculum were the important factors influencing production of the pigment. Under optimized conditions, a pigment yield of 2.75 and 7.7g/l was obtained in a shake-flask and a 15l bioreactor, respectively. Thus, co-culture of strain HSD07B and C. tropicalis is a promising way to produce a red pigment potentially useful for coloring applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, an interesting phenomenon is revealed. Mn2+ has a significant influence on the morphologies of hypha and mycelium of Phanerochaete sp. HSD, and under the higher Mn2+ concentration, strain HSD can form very small micro-mycelium pellets (MMPs). Based on this phenomenon, a specific method to cultivate aerobic granules is presented. By seeding MMPs to bioreactor, bioaugmented aerobic granules (BAGs) were cultivated successfully, and granulation rate reached 53±2% on day 15. MMPs result in the formation of aerobic granules containing MMPs as nuclei and also induce the formation of self-immobilized biogranules which do not have the MMP at their core. Furthermore, the feasibility of using BAGs to degrade eriochrome black T (EBT) wastewater is investigated too. The results prove that the treatment of EBT wastewater using BAGs is a feasible and promising way. BAGs not only can tolerate higher EBT loads, but also have better decolourization efficiency compared with conventional sludge and aerobic granules. Furthermore, the introduction of MMPs leads to the appearance of manganese peroxidase (MnP) in reactor, and MnP plays an important role in the treatment process of EBT wastewater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present paper, a strain of higher MnP producer, Phanerochaete sp. HSD, was screened and the important medium components influencing MnP production were optimized using fractional factorial design and central composite experimental design; statistical analysis suggested diammonium tartrate and Mn2+ were the important factors and under the optimum conditions, MnP activity reached 2613±22U/l, accorded with the predicted value from response surface analysis. The feasibility of using this fungus to decolourize azo dyes was examined too. Results indicated that crude enzyme solution of it could decolourize three azo dyes efficiently and speedily: for 120 and 350mg/l of Congo red, 95% decolourization rate was observed at the 5th and 8th hour; for 200, 350 and 600mg/l methyl orange, 95% decolourization rate was obtained at the 5th, 6th and 9th hour; furthermore, the decolourization rates of 150 and 300mg/l of Eriochrome black T were up to 97.1% and 91.4% at the 7th and 13th hour, respectively. In addition, MnP played a crucial role in the decolourization process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present paper, overproduction of laccase by microbe interaction was studied. When Trametes versicolor was co-cultured with Candida sp. HSD07A in submerged fermentation, laccase activity could be improved significantly and reached 10500±160U/l, 11.8 times more than that of the contrast group. Fermentation tests of the yeast indicated that it could produce amylase and cellulase, but couldn’t excrete laccase and the overproductive laccase was produced by T. versicolor; the interaction mechanism between T. versicolor and Candida sp. HSD07A was investigated and the results showed that amylase and cellulose could hydrolyze cell walls of T. versicolor; however, the degree of hydrolysis was at a very low level, could not lead to overproduction of laccase; glucose starvation state made by the yeast was the real reason why T. versicolor could overproduce laccase; moreover, this study also proved that making glucose starvation using the yeast was a novel and effective method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]