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Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? What the paper adds to existing knowledge? What Are the implications for practice? Introduction Aim Method Results Discussion/Implications for Practice Mental health professionals' beliefs about transgender individuals vary, often influenced by stereotypes. There's recognition of healthcare needs, but limited knowledge impacts decision‐making. Stereotypes persist regarding why transgender individuals seek mental health care. Professionals' attitudes show both positive support and negative, discriminatory views. Lack of training and knowledge gaps hinder effective care for transgender individuals. Pathologising attitudes exist, associating gender diversity with mental health conditions. Addressing training gaps is crucial for equitable care for transgender individuals. Challenging stereotypes and beliefs is necessary to reduce stigma and improve understanding. Enhancing knowledge and evidence‐based tools will ensure safe and equal healthcare access. Transgender people face against significant barriers in accessing mental health services due to, among other reasons, discrimination and a lack of expertise among professionals.To explore the beliefs and attitudes of professionals in the mental health network of the region of Murcia towards transgender people, focusing on aspects such as knowledge, perceptions, and prejudices about gender identity.We carried out a qualitative study involving 14 participants, conducting semi‐structured interviews based on prior knowledge of the topic. We asked the professionals about their experiences and challenges in their clinical interaction with transgender users and followed an inductive‐deductive process to analyse the data.Two main themes were identified from the interviews, which were sub‐categorised into different sub‐themes: (a) beliefs about transgender people: underlying factors and origins of gender diversity, health needs, and stereotypes about the demand for health care; (b) attitudes and behaviours of professionals towards transgender people: pathologization and attitudes towards decision‐making.Our findings suggest that mental health professionals tend to oversimplify the factors underlying gender diversity and hold certain stereotypical beliefs about these users that oversimplify the complexity of their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of female residents of Spain from West Africa in terms of the factors that condition their lives. Pierre Bourdieu's theory and the model of intersectionality formed the framework we used to qualitatively analyse the life stories of these women, which was complemented with life lines. The results showed us that traditional practices such as female genital mutilation and forced marriage are part of the social habitus of this group and they relate to each other through the several types of violence that occurs throughout their lives. In addition, in reference to the African community, these women were no longer African, while in terms of the Spanish community, they did not seem Spanish. At a health, political, and social level, this knowledge can help us to understand this group and to create personalised targeted interventions for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to analyze the different types of violence perpetrated and experienced as a function of gender in adolescents and young adults. Method: Systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. The search was carried out in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, and Gender Studies, in addition to a reverse search of relevant references. Publications published from 1st January 2015 to 23rd January 2021 were indexed. The search for articles was carried out by two independent investigators. A risk of bias analysis was then performed by two investigators using the STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies. Results: Twelve studies were indexed involving a total of 21,924 men and 25,180 women. There were significant differences between men and women for the types of violence perpetrated and experienced. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity between studies, a sensitivity analysis was performed. Conclusions: Violence in dating relationships is bidirectional. Men and women perpetrate and experience different types of violence on the basis of their sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It may be considered esthetic violence when social demands regarding beauty affect and manipulate the development of individual identity and body image to respond to supposed prevailing ideals in society. We design and validate an instrument for measuring the degree of social assimilation of such stereotypes regarding beauty and body image linked to gender. The questionnaire was developed from a sample of 918 Spanish adults who participated online to develop it. The questionnaire was composed of 23 items. The assessment of preconceived images of bodily perfection provides examples of how esthetic violence affects the health of both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasement of chronic diseases and number of dependent people as a consecuence of the aging of the population is a fact and also that women are the main providers in family care. Therefore, the objetive of this study is to show how women accept their role as a cultural obligation because of their sex. It is a qualitative investigation based on a grounded theory descriptive type. Nine participants were interviewed. They were informed of the study and gave their consent. Obtained results suggest six categories: sharing family care tasks, decision making, unreal help sensation and proper family care tasks distribution, women cultural and moral obligation in family care, women acceptation of their roles as a caregivers. The main conclusion of the article is how society accepts women obligation in family are without consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is internationally considered an affront to human rights and an act of violence against women and young girls. Furthermore, it hierarchizes and perpetuates inequality and denies women and girls the right to physical and psychosexual integrity. The aim of this study is to detect the weak points and false premises underlying male justification of FGM and to present demythologization as a health education tool. We used a qualitative methodology with an ethonursing focus via semistructured individual and group interviews in 25 men associated with FGM. Our results found that nine myths and their mythologization are presented through the masculine voices of those associated with this tradition. These myths are used as justification by men and women in order to uphold the practice of FGM. Demythologization as a nursing intervention based on reorienting or restructuring models of cultural care allows us to work against the false premises making up the myths which act to protect this tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread practice mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and is considered an affront on the dignity and health of women and young girls.Objectives: To establish a theoretical model, inspired by that of Madeleine Leininger, in order to examine the reasonings used to justify FGM.Methods: Theorization through bibliographic review.Resuts and conclusions: The factors used to justify this act are diverse and convert the tradition into a form of cultural care. From this viewpoint, nurses might evaluate the supposed justifications via the Rising Sun Model in order to redirect such a practice through nursing interventions such as: research into propagating factors, sensitizing through hindering factors or health education, highlighting the contradictions existent in the justification of FGM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To develop a nursing diagnosis for the detection and prevention of FGM. Methods: The creation of this diagnosis is based on exhaustive bibliographic research of databases such as LILACS, CUIDEN, TESEO y Web of Sciencie; as well as other documentary sources from international entities. Results: Post Female Genital Mutilation Syndrome is defined as: Deterioration of a range of health domains as a result of female genital mutilation. This diagnosis belongs to domain 11: safety/protection and class 3: violence. The following defining characteristics are established for this diagnosis: Acute phase, chronic responses physical, sexuality, chronic obstetric alterations and psychological responses. Conclusions: Via the diagnosis presented herein, early detection might be procured by nursing professionals of those women and young girls having undergone this traditional practice, thereby being able to treat any possible resultant sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a practice, in breach of human rights, which currently extends to European countries. Given that migration to a Western country can involve cultural change, the aim of the present study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of sub-Saharan women regarding FGM/C following migration to Spain. Method: A qualitative exploratory research design utilizing life history methodology was applied. Participants (n = 24) were recruited until data saturation was reached. Results: Sub-Saharan women describe their experience of FGM/C. Once in Spain, they begin to demystify the justifications for which FGM/C is practiced and to break the taboo that surrounds the practice. Discussion: Migration leads individuals to reflect on the traditional practices from their countries of origin. The nursing profession must accompany migrant women throughout their process of change and provide objective information from a position of cultural understanding, avoiding attitudes that might create a sense of revictimization while their resultant health consequences are being attended to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known about the subject?: The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.The attitudes of health professionals are mediated by their social context, which can determine their behaviour or attitude towards users. What does the article add to existing knowledge?: The attitudes of mental health professionals towards trans people are related to variables such as the professional's age, gender, political ideology and religious beliefs.Mental health nursing, psychology and social work are the professions that present more favourable attitudes towards trans people. What are the implications for practice?: The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity among mental health professionals is required.It is necessary to train professionals to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudice, discrimination and stigma. Introduction: The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge and cultural sensitivity in healthcare. Aim: Evaluation of the attitudes towards trans people of the professionals who work in the different Spanish mental health services. Method: A cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of professionals from different professional groups working in mental health units, hospitals and outpatient settings throughout Spain. Results: Gender differences were found, with higher values in genderism and sexism among males. Negative attitudes and sexism have also been associated with age and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work presented more favourable attitudes towards trans people than other mental health professionals. Discussion/Implications for Practice: The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity and the acquisition of professional attitudes based on evidence and patient‐centred model are basic aspects to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudices, discrimination and stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The audience response systems are being implemented to support active learning in nursing degree programs. The benefits of audience response systems have been studied in lecture-based classes and seminars, but their advantages or inconveniences when included in the debriefing phase of a high-fidelity clinical simulation have not been explored. The study aim was to discover student´s experience about using of interactive questions during debriefing, and the self-perceived effects on attention, participation and motivation. Methods: A Mixed-methods study was used exploratory sequential design in a university. The participants were 4th-year students enrolled in the Nursing Degree in a university in Southern Spain. (1) Qualitative phase: a phenomenological approach was utilized, and focus groups were used for data-collection. (2) Quantitative phase: cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire designed "ad hoc", on the experiences on the use of interactive questions in the debriefing phase and the Debriefing Experience Scale. Results: (1) Qualitative phase: the students highlighted the facilitating role of the interactive questions during the reflection part of the debriefing, and mentioned that the interactive questions helped with stimulating attention, participation, and motivation during the analytical part of the debriefing; (2) Quantitative phase: it was observed that the best evaluated dimension was "Motivation", with a mean of 4.7 (SD = 0.480), followed by the dimension "Participation", with a mean of 4.66 (SD = 0.461), and lastly, the dimension "Attention", with a mean of 4.64 (SD = 0.418). Conclusions: The use of interactive questions contributed the attention, participation, and motivation of the students during the debriefing, contributing towards a highly satisfactory experience of high-fidelity clinical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The audience response systems are being implemented to support active learning in nursing degree programs. The benefits of audience response systems have been studied in lecture-based classes and seminars, but their advantages or inconveniences when included in the debriefing phase of a high-fidelity clinical simulation have not been explored. The study aim was to discover student´s experience about using of interactive questions during debriefing, and the self-perceived effects on attention, participation and motivation. Methods: A Mixed-methods study was used exploratory sequential design in a university. The participants were 4th-year students enrolled in the Nursing Degree in a university in Southern Spain. (1) Qualitative phase: a phenomenological approach was utilized, and focus groups were used for data-collection. (2) Quantitative phase: cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire designed "ad hoc", on the experiences on the use of interactive questions in the debriefing phase and the Debriefing Experience Scale. Results: (1) Qualitative phase: the students highlighted the facilitating role of the interactive questions during the reflection part of the debriefing, and mentioned that the interactive questions helped with stimulating attention, participation, and motivation during the analytical part of the debriefing; (2) Quantitative phase: it was observed that the best evaluated dimension was "Motivation", with a mean of 4.7 (SD = 0.480), followed by the dimension "Participation", with a mean of 4.66 (SD = 0.461), and lastly, the dimension "Attention", with a mean of 4.64 (SD = 0.418). Conclusions: The use of interactive questions contributed the attention, participation, and motivation of the students during the debriefing, contributing towards a highly satisfactory experience of high-fidelity clinical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To analyse nursing students' perceptions of the supervision relationship and the clinical learning environment during their clinical practice placements. Methods. A qualitative design was used to conduct this phenomenological study. Data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews. The purposive sample consisted of 48 nursing students of the University of Alicante (Spain). Semi-structured focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analysed using the stage by stage method. A tree structure with four categories arose: individualization, innovation in clinical teaching, student participation, and nurse tutor-student nurse relationship individual training. Results. This study shows that no individualization is involved in the clinical learning process. Student participation in ward activities depends on the student's experience, the characteristics of the ward, the nursing team and the nurse tutor. Students feel that the role of the nurse tutor is not clearly defined. Anxiety, vulnerability and feelings of being "temporary workers" are common in nursing students. Conclusions. These results should prompt to deeper reflections on the studied elements of the supervisory process and the clinical learning environment. More specifically on aspects of individualization, student participation, and feelings, but also in the clarification of the tutor role definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Presently, physical inactivity is the main public health problem in many countries worldwide. Physical activity promotes the maintenance or improvement of one's physical condition. Physical fitness has been established as the main biological marker of the state of health of an individual, and therefore, there is a clear need to measure health-related physical fitness through the use of a reliable and valid instrument. This study is a continuation of the transcultural adaptation process and a new proposal of the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), found in the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification. The objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context. Methods: An instrumental study to validate the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), from the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcome Classification was carried out. It took place between the months of May, 2016 to May, 2017. On the first stage, the instrument proposed Health-Related Physical Fitness survey was administered to 160 adults who used the Health Services of Murcia, Spain by three independent evaluators. After 4 weeks, it was administered again to 33 participants to calculate the intra-rater reliability. Lastly, the SF-12v2 Health Survey was administered to obtain external evidence of validity. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the nursing outcome proposed obtained high values (between 0.91–0.99) in the evaluations performed by the three evaluators. As for the intra-rater reliability, high values were obtained (0.94–1), except for the item "balance", which was moderate (0.56). Lastly, a positive and statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was obtained between the Physical Component Summary, and the dimensions Physical Functioning and General Health from the SF-12v2 Health Survey, and the global score of the Health-Related Physical Fitness proposed instrument. Conclusions: The validity and reliability results of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context, were adequate for its use by nurses with adults who use the Health Services of Murcia. However, this instrument must be analyzed with more diverse samples of health services users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers author's views on female genital mutilation (FGM) as cultural practice. Topics discussed include culturalization and visualization of the process for its prevention, creating awareness of the structure and function of female genital organs among both men and women, and role of cultural constructions such as peer pressure and the eligibility for the mutilation.

Objective: With the aim of knowing about the prevalence of the tactics employed by Ecuadorian adolescents to conflict solving in dating relations, the association with gender, the directionality and the frequency of use was designed. Method: A total of 985 Ecuadorian adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years (M = 15.02, SD = 1.72) answered to the Spanish adaptation of the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale referred to dating relationships. Results: The results exhibited the highest prevalence of use for the reasoning tactic; that the psychological violence tactic is frequently employed and by the large majority (4/5); that the unidirectional use prevails; that boys has a significantly high probability of victimization than girls, and girls perform more tactics of psychological violence and mild physical violence; and that serious physical violence is behaved with a low frequency, but the prevalence rate is significant. Conclusions: The implications of the results for the prevention and intervention policies with violence in dating relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors' purpose was to analyse the influence of beauty stereotypes on the everyday life of men and women and the behaviours adopted in order to satisfy such ideals using mixed methods of an exploratory nature. Taking into account that 76.7% of participants agree that the current established beauty stereotypes affect their everyday lives, we aim to explain the influence of beauty stereotypes and the behaviours adopted in order to comply with them. Assessing the degree of assimilation of gender-related socio-cultural beauty stereotypes allows us to examine how this can trigger behavioural responses in order to shape one's identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV/AIDS is affecting more and more women. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is decisive for those infected to achieve quality of life. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to determine the degree of adherence displayed by a group of women with HIV/AIDS and to identify those factors and circumstances which might influence their adherence to ART. Method: A sequential mixed model research design was applied. The subjects studied consisted of 86 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and treated with ART. Findings and discussion: Qualitative data were collected from 18 of these women. 59.3% of participants were non-adherents. The determining factors for non-adherence were level of education, age, income, as well as personal and/or interpersonal factors such as socio-familial support, perceived stigma, self-stigma and factors related to disease and treatment. Nursing care should take a genderfocused approach towards those psychological and personal factors inherent in the adherence process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]