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In this article, we consider that issues related to the mean and trend of heavy-tailed AR(p) series are possibly subject to change at most once at some unknown point in time. Under the inspiration of Shao (J. Time Ser. Anal., 2011, 32, 598–606), two ratio statistics are constructed to test whether unknown changes have occurred. It is shown that asymptotic distributions of these test statistics under the no-change null hypothesis are functional for Lévy processes and their consistencies are given under the alternative. To avoid the nuisance parameter, we provide a subsampling method that returns more accurate critical values for these tests. The validity of the subsampling algorithm is proved. A simulation study shows the subsampling-based ratio tests achieve the correct empirical sizes and comparable empirical powers in large samples. Finally, two practical applications using real data set are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable and green catalytic strategy for C‐S coupling reactions is developed by combining micelle and transition metal. The synergistic AGA8@Cu(I) catalyst forms by spontaneous anchoring of the in situ generated Cu(I) nanoclusters onto the AGA8 micelles and has been fully characterized by FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, and ICP‐OES. The catalyst is recyclable and highly effective in mediating the conversion of halides to disulfides in water at room temperature with a broad substrate scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RNA pseudouridylation is a critical post‐transcriptional modification that influences gene expression and impacts various biological functions. Despite its significance, the role of mRNA pseudouridylation in cancer remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of pseudouridine synthase 7 (PUS7)‐mediated pseudouridylation of Alpha‐ketoglutarate‐dependent Dioxygenase alkB Homolog 3 (ALKBH3) mRNA in gastric cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to assess PUS7 protein levels in human gastric cancer tissues. The relationship between PUS7 and gastric cancer progression was examined using 3D colony formation assays and subcutaneous xenograft models. Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR), Western blotting, and polysome profiling assays were conducted to investigate how PUS7 regulates ALKBH3. A locus‐specific pseudouridine (Ψ) detection assay was used to identify Ψ sites on ALKBH3 mRNA. Results: Our findings indicate a significant reduction of PUS7 in gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent non‐tumour tissues. Functional analyses reveal that PUS7 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth via its catalytic activity. Additionally, PUS7 enhances the translation efficiency of ALKBH3 mRNA by modifying the U696 site with pseudouridine, thereby attenuating tumour growth. Importantly, ALKBH3 functions as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer, with its expression closely correlated with PUS7 levels in tumour tissues. Conclusions: PUS7‐dependent pseudouridylation of ALKBH3 mRNA enhances its translation, thereby suppressing gastric cancer progression. These findings highlight the potential significance of mRNA pseudouridylation in cancer biology and suggest a therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Highlights: PUS7 enhances the translation efficiency of ALKBH3 through its pseudouridylation activity on ALKBH3 mRNA, thereby inhibiting gastric tumourigenesis.The expression levels of PUS7 and ALKBH3 are significantly correlated in gastric tumours, which may be potential prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of a 30-year-old Chinese male who attempted suicide by ingesting sodium nitrite purchased online in Singapore, resulting in methaemoglobinemia. The patient had a history of anxiety and delusional disorder and was successfully treated with methylene blue as an antidote. The text highlights the emerging trend of using sodium nitrite for suicide in Asia and emphasizes the importance of prompt identification and treatment of such cases to reduce mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Osteogenic phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in diabetes-related VC. Mitophagy can inhibit phenotype switching in VSMCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin 4 (EX4) in mitophagy-induced phenotype switching. Materials and methods: The status of VC in T2DM mice was monitored using Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining in mouse aortic tissue. Human aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) conditioned medium. Accumulation of LC3B and p62 was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. The effect of EX4 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by knocking down AMPKα1. Results: In diabetic VC mice, EX4 decreased the percentage of von Kossa/ARS positive area. EX4 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs. In HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs, the number of mitophagosomes was increased, whereas the addition of EX4 restored mitochondrial function, increased the number of mitophagosome-lysosome fusions, and reduced p62 in mitochondrial frictions. EX4 increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172) and ULK1 (Ser555) in HG/β-GP-induced VSMCs. After knockdown of AMPKα1, ULK1 could not be activated by EX4. The accumulation of LC3B and p62 could not be reduced after AMPKα1 knockdown. Knockdown of AMPKα1 negated the therapeutic effects of EX4 on VC of diabetic mice. Conclusion: EX4 could promote mitophagy by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, attenuate insufficient mitophagy, and thus inhibit the osteogenic phenotype switching of VSMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paul Harding’s Tinkers was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2010. This article examines how the novel employs a unique temporal rhetoric to present a post-Enlightenment worldview. As the chronological narrative sequence is disrupted by the main character’s reminiscences and hallucinations, time becomes disjunctive and fragmentary, which suggests that chaos often prevails in human consciousness. The narrative temporality thus becomes ontologically unstable and unreliable, representing a condition of abnormality and aberration. Moreover, this temporal condition is connected with the novel’s repeated descriptions of clock malfunctions and human illnesses, thereby further emphasizing the idea that disorders are an inevitable human condition. As Harding views the precise mechanisms of clocks as an embodiment of Enlightenment rationalism, the emphasis on these disorders signifies a subtle critique of Enlightenment ideals and a receptive attitude toward the inherent chaotic condition of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium fluoride (LiF) facilitates robust and fast‐ion‐transport solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium metal batteries. Fluorinated solvents/salts are ubiquitously employed to introduce LiF into SEI through electrochemical decomposition, but this approach is usually at the expense of their continuous consumption. A direct approach to fluorinate SEI that employs crystal LiF is limited by its poor solubility in the current battery electrolyte formulation. Dissolving crystal LiF in high‐dielectric‐constant solvents, like ethylene carbonate (EC) is nearly neglected. Herein, the feasibility of directly fluorinating SEI by the addition of crystal LiF in aprotic electrolyte with the assistance of EC is verified, and its mechanisms in fluorination of SEI and anti‐acidification of electrolyte are explored. The dissolved LiF is encapsulated by solvent‐/salt‐derived organic skins to promote the fluorinated SEI. Meanwhile, the presence of LiF in electrolyte alters hazardous thermodynamic equilibrium, suppressing the production of acid species to mitigate electrolyte acidification and SEI degradation. Such collective benefits yield a capacity retention ratio of ≈88% after 150 cycles at a high areal capacity (4.5 mAh cm−2) in Li||NCM622 cells. This facile and effective fluorination of SEI contributes to an in‐depth understanding of SEI formation and rational design of well‐performing lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lineage specification and X chromosome dosage compensation are two crucial biological processes that occur during preimplantation embryonic development. Although extensively studied in mice, the timing and regulation of these processes remain elusive in other species, including humans. Previous studies have suggested conserved principles of human and bovine early development. This study aims to provide fundamental insights into these programs and the regulation using a bovine embryo model by employing single‐cell transcriptomics and genome editing approaches. The study analyzes the transcriptomes of 286 individual cells and reveals that bovine trophectoderm/inner cell mass transcriptomes diverge at the early blastocyst stage, after cavitation but before blastocyst expansion. The study also identifies transcriptomic markers and provides the timing of lineage specification events in the bovine embryo. Importantly, we find that SOX2 is required for the first cell decision program in bovine embryos. Moreover, the study shows the occurrence of X chromosome dosage compensation from morula to late blastocyst and reveals that this compensation results from downregulation of X‐linked genes in female embryonic cells. The transcriptional atlas generated by this study is expected to be widely useful in improving our understanding of mammalian early embryo development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the original thickness on the densification, microstructure, and nanoindentation hardness of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The densification of SiC ceramics with different initial thicknesses ranging from 50 to 2000 µm was investigated in combination with varying SPS sintering temperature at 1700–1900°C. The results indicated that the densification of SiC sample with the initial thickness of 50 µm was complete after sintering at 1700°C. On the contrary, when the initial thickness exceeded 50 µm, it resulted in a porous microstructure. When the initial thickness varied from 50 to 100 µm, dense SiC monolithic could be obtained after sintering at 1800°C. All the samples were fully densified after sintering at 1900°C. The predominant factors for the thickness effect were mainly derived from the unique characteristics of SPS. The hardness of SiC ceramics was measured using nanoindentation, and it was found to have a strong correlation with the initial thickness, mainly attributed to the densification status. The dense SiC product demonstrated nanoindentation hardness with high values of ∼28.0 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the properties of the change in persistence detection for observations with infinite variance. The innovations are assumed to be in the domain of attraction of a stable law with index κ ∈ (0 , 2 ] . We provide a new test statistic and show that its asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis of non-stationary I (1) series is a functional of a stable process. When the change point in persistence is not known, the consistency is always given under the alternative, either from stationary I (0) to non-stationary I (1) or vice versa. The proposed tests can be used to identify the direction of change and do not over-reject against constant I (0) series, even in relatively small samples. Furthermore, we also consider the change point estimator which is consistent and the asymptotic behavior of the test statistic in the case of near-integrated time series. A block bootstrap method is suggested to determine critical values because the null asymptotic distribution contains the unknown tail index, which results in critical values depending on it. The simulation study demonstrates that the block bootstrap-based test is robust against change in persistence for heavy-tailed series with infinite variance. Finally, we apply our methods to the two series of the US inflation rate and USD/CNY exchange rate, and find significant evidence for persistence changes, respectively, from I (0) to I (1) and from I (1) to I (0) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerotic disease is a substantial global burden, and existing treatments, such as statins, are recommended to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. However, side effects, including gastrointestinal unease, potential harm to the liver, and discomfort in the muscles, might be observed. In this study, we propose a novel method using periodic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PMS) to create heparin-modified PMS (PMS-HP) with excellent biocompatibility, enabling selective removal of LDL-C from the blood. In vitro, through the introduction of PMS-HP into the plasma of mice, we observed that, compared to PMS alone, PMS-HP could selectively adsorb LDL-C while avoiding interference with valuable components such as plasma proteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Notably, further investigations revealed that the adsorption of LDL-C by PMS-HP could be well-fitted to quasi-first-order (R2 = 0.993) and quasi-second-order adsorption models (R2 = 0.998). Likewise, in vivo, intravenous injection of PMS-HP enabled targeted LDL-C adsorption (6.5 ± 0.73 vs. 8.6 ± 0.76 mM, p < 0.001) without affecting other plasma constituents, contributing to reducing intravascular plaque formation (3.66% ± 1.06% vs. 1.87% ± 0.79%, p < 0.05) on the aortic wall and inhibiting vascular remodeling (27.2% ± 6.55% vs. 38.3% ± 1.99%, p < 0.05). Compared to existing lipid adsorption techniques, PMS-HP exhibited superior biocompatibility and recyclability, rendering it valuable for both in vivo and in vitro applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly focuses on the classification of PPCPs in water bodies, their sources and their hazards, and focuses on the treatment technology of PPCPs in wastewater at home and abroad, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment technology and the current status of its application, with a view to discovering highly efficient measures for the treatment of PPCPs in wastewater, and providing reference for the development of wastewater treatment technology of PPCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel numerical method that used a FEM coupled with a virtual element method was proposed to evaluate the drying shrinkage of concrete repair systems. The stress distribution, crack development of the concrete repair systems due to drying shrinkage were investigated using this method. (1) The mortar along the tangent direction of the aggregate boundary was subjected to the aggregate constraint, allowing shrinkage cracks to form easily. The overlay first developed a significant number of microcracks on surface, followed by debonding at both ends of the interface. (2) Owing to the confinement of the aggregate below the surface, the surface tensile stress of the overlay had a 'hump' distribution. After cracking, the surface was divided into several contraction zones, with tensile and compressive stresses applied to the boundary and interior of the contraction zone, respectively. (3) As the interface de-bonded, the tensile and shear stresses of the interface began to increase from both sides and moved inward. The rise in local compressive and shear stresses were induced by the constraint of the aggregate in the bonding interfacial region. (4) Tensile stress caused the first damage, and the shear stress caused interface debonding to evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to the intimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. We aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) in VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as the underlying mechanism. T2DM model mice with carotid balloon injury were used in vivo and mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) stimulated by insulin were used in vitro to assess the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in VSMC proliferation and migration following vascular injury in T2DM state. To investigate cell viability and migration, MTT assay and Transwell assay were conducted. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA-pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed. In vivo, CDKN2B-AS1 was up-regulated in common carotid artery tissues. In vitro, insulin treatment increased CDKN2B-AS1 level, enhanced MOVAS cell proliferation and migration, while the promoting effect was reversed by CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown. CDKN2B-AS1 forms a complex with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1 (DNMT1) to regulate smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) methylation levels. In insulin-stimulated cells, SM22α knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown on cell viability and migration. Injection of lentivirus-sh-CDKN2B-AS1 relieved intimal hyperplasia in T2DM mice with carotid balloon injury. Up-regulation of CDKN2B-AS1 induced by insulin promotes cell proliferation and migration by targeting SM22α through forming a complex with EZH2 and DNMT1, thereby aggravating the intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Traditional fermented milks are produced by inoculating technique, which selects well-adapted microorganisms that have been passed on through generations. Few reports have used naturally fermented milks as model ecosystems to investigate the mechanism of formation of intra-species microbial diversity. Here, we isolated and whole-genome-sequenced a total of 717 lactic acid bacterial isolates obtained from 12 independent naturally fermented milks collect from 12 regions across five countries. We further analyzed the within-sample intra-species phylogenies of 214 Lactobacillus helveticus isolates, 97 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolates, and 325 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolates. We observed a high degree of intra-species genomic and functional gene diversity within-/between-sample(s). Single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic reconstruction revealed great within-sample intra-species heterogeneity, evolving from multiple lineages. Further phylogenetic reconstruction (presence-absence gene profile) revealed within-sample inter-clade functional diversity (based on carbohydrate-active enzyme- and peptidase-encoding genes) in all three investigated species/subspecies. By identifying and mapping clade-specific genes of intra-sample clades of the three species/subspecies to the respective fermented milk metagenome, we found extensive potential inter-/intra-species horizontal gene transfer events. Finally, the microbial composition of the samples is closely linked to the nucleotide diversity of the respective species/subspecies. Overall, our results contribute to the conservation of lactic acid bacteria resources, providing ecological insights into the microbial ecosystem of naturally fermented dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of urban rail transit, more and more attention has been paid to the vibration problems caused by its operation. As the main form of urban rail transit's underground construction, the shield tunnel is the first to bear the brunt. However, the existing researches on the vibration of shield tunnel usually take it as a homogeneous barrel and do not consider the impact of its assembly joints on the vibration propagation. In this paper, to study the influence of the joints caused by the shield tunnel's assembly forms on the propagation of vibration, two finite element models of shield tunnels with different assembly forms are established. The analysis and comparing results of these models show that the joints caused by segment assembly of shield tunnel have obvious hysteresis and reduction effect on the vibration waves and this ability is obviously related to its location. In addition, the ability to weaken the vibration wave is also related to the frequency of the vibration wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/ luteinizing hormone (LH) after triggering is generally accepted as a predictor of the normal ovarian response to the trigger, but few studies have explored the distribution model of concentration and its impact on oocyte yield. Genetic variations in LHCGR, known as a receptor for hCG and LH, also play a role in oocyte maturation and retrieval. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of hCG/LH after triggering on oocyte yield and its association with genetic variants of LHCGR. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 372 antagonist IVF cycles, in which 205 received the recombinant hCG trigger and 167 received the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) trigger, was conducted. The post-trigger concentrations of hCG/LH and the LHCGR N312S (rs2293275) genotype were evaluated in patients to analyse the impact of these factors on oocyte yield. Results: The oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) increased significantly among the low-, medium- and high-hCG-concentration groups (0.91 ± 0.25, 0.99 ± 0.23 and 1.08 ± 0.19, P < 0.001) and among the low-, medium- and high-LH-concentration groups (0.80 ± 0.29, 0.95 ± 0.21 and 1.07 ± 0.19, P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the post-trigger hCG concentration and ORR was 0.242 (P < 0.001), and that between the LH concentration and ORR was 0.454 (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, high post-trigger LH concentrations remained associated with the significantly higher ORRs (adjusted R2 = 0.541, P < 0.001). Patients with the AG genotype of LHCGR N312S were more likely to have low post-trigger LH concentrations (46.10 IU/L versus 60.91 IU/L, P < 0.001) and a significantly lower ORR (0.85 versus 0.96, P = 0.042) than patients with the GG genotype after the GnRH-a trigger. Conclusions: The post-trigger LH concentration can positively predict oocyte yield in antagonist IVF cycles, and patients with the AG genotype of LHCGR rs2293275 could have a suboptimal oocyte yield using the GnRH-a trigger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses themes of nationalism and experiences of border-crossing in the historical fiction stories of Chinese author Shi Zhecun that were written and published between 1929 and 1931. It examines the political and historical context of Shi Zhecun's stories, identification with the Republic of China, and Westernization.

Ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to characterize the interaction of water with two-dimensional (2D) silica and aluminosilicate bilayers on Pd(111). Starting with oxygen adsorbed at the SiO2/Pd interface, exposure to water caused the SiO2-derived XPS peaks to shift to higher binding energy and the removal of an O 1s feature associated with interfacial adsorbed oxygen. These observations were attributed to the formation of a mixed water–hydroxyl interface, which eliminates the interfacial dipolar layer, and its associated electrostatic potential, created by adsorbed oxygen. Interfacial oxygen also reacted with H2 to produce adsorbed water which also caused an upward binding energy shift of the SiO2 peaks. Spectra recorded under 0.5 Torr water revealed additional water adsorption and a further shift of the overlayer peaks to higher binding energy. Incorporating Al into the 2D material caused the bilayer peaks to shift to lower binding energy which could be explained by electron donation from the metal to the bilayer. Although the stronger interaction between the bilayer and Pd substrate should restrict interfacial adsorption and reaction, similar trends were observed for water and hydrogen exposure to interfacial adsorbed oxygen. Less water adsorption was observed at the aluminosilicate interface which is a consequence of Al strengthening the bond to the metal substrate. The results reveal how the sensitivity of XPS to interfacial dipoles can be exploited to distinguish reactions taking place in confined spaces under 2D layers and how tuning the composition of the 2D layer can impact such reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare sugar D-allulose is a potential replacement for sucrose with a wide range of health benefits. Conventional production involves the employment of the Izumoring strategy, which utilises D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) or D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) to convert D-fructose into D-allulose. Additionally, the process can also utilise D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase). However, the process is not efficient due to the poor thermotolerance of the enzymes and low conversion rates between the sugars. This review describes three newly identified DAEases that possess desirable properties for the industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose. Other methods used to enhance process efficiency include the engineering of DAEases for improved thermotolerance or acid resistance, the utilization of Bacillus subtilis for the biosynthesis of D-allulose, and the immobilization of DAEases to enhance its activity, half-life, and stability. All these research advancements improve the yield of D-allulose, hence closing the gap between the small-scale production and industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of oocytes retrieved does not always coincide with the number of follicles aspirated in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment. Patients with high expectation of retrieval sometimes obtain few oocytes, which may be induced by improper operation or therapeutic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution data of oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) and to explore the risk factors for low ORR in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing IVF/ICSI. Methods: A total of 2478 patients with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI were involved in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to October 2021. The oocyte retrieval rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of obtained oocytes to the number of follicles (≥ 12 mm) on the trigger day. Patients were divided into a low ORR and a normal ORR group with the boundary of one standard deviation from the mean value of ORR. The patient characteristics, treatment protocols, serum hormone levels, and embryonic and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results: The ORR exhibited a non-normal distribution, with a median of 0.818. The incidence of complete empty follicle syndrome was 0.12% (3/2478). The proportion of patients in the low ORR group who received the progestin-primed protocol was significantly higher than that in the normal ORR group (30.30% vs. 17.69%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the serum estradiol level/follicle (≥ 12 mm) ratio (OR: 0.600 (0.545–0.661)) and progesterone level (OR: 0.783 (0.720–0.853)) on the trigger day were significant factors in the development of a low ORR, with optimal cutoff values of 172.85 pg/ml and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively, as determined by receiver operating curve. Fewer high-quality embryos (2 vs. 5) and more cycles with no available embryos (5.42% vs. 0.43%) were found in the low ORR group. Conclusions: For patients with PCOS, low estradiol levels/follicles (≥ 12 mm) and progesterone levels on the trigger day and the use of the progestin-primed protocol could be risk factors for low ORR, which leads to a limited number of embryos and more cycle cancellations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of transportation electrification and clean energy in the shipping industry has been a hot topic, and related applications of hybrid all-electric ships (AESs) have emerged recently. However, it has been found that ship efficiency will be negatively impacted by improper component size and operation strategy. Therefore, the bilevel optimal sizing and operation method for the fuel cell/battery hybrid AES is proposed in this paper. This method optimizes the sizing of the AES while considering joint optimal energy management and voyage scheduling. The sizing problem is formulated at the upper level, and the joint scheduling problem is described at the lower level. Then, multiple cases are simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on a passenger ferry, and the results show that a 5.3% fuel saving and 5.2% total cost reduction can be achieved. Correspondingly, the ship's energy efficiency is improved. This approach also can be used in similar vessels to enhance their overall performance and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of composite metal sheaths have large difference, resulting in the easy breakage of superconducting wires. Here, a roll-die drawing method is proposed to fabricate 19-filamentary Sr 1-x K x Fe 2 As 2 /Ag/Nb/Cu composite tapes with long length and uniform shape. It is found that there is no reaction layer between Ag matrix and superconducting core; Nb sheath provides high mechanical strength and prevents the diffusion of K element; and outer Cu sheath has good mechanical ductility. Consequently, the magnetic critical current density J c of multi-core Sr 1-x K x Fe 2 As 2 tape reaches up to 4.7 × 104 A/cm2 at 5 K and 5 T. Meanwhile, the magnetic J c still remains 1.1 × 104 A/cm2 even at 20 K and 5 T. These remarkable magnetic J c values are probably attributed to both high mass density of superconducting core and high magnetic onset T c (∼35.2 K). While, the transport J c of multi-core tape is greatly decreased into about 2.0 × 103 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 10 T. Besides the T p1 peak associated with the intragranular critical current, an additional broad T p2 peak in the imaginary χ''(T) parts of AC susceptibility indicates the weak intergranular coupling in this tape. These results can provide a prime reference for the structure design and coupling performance of multi-core pnictide conductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During subway operation, cracks may appear at the arch waist of tunnel segment surface. Under the acceleration of stray current, chloride ion in groundwater will penetrate into the surface of rebar through cracks, resulting in segment rebar corrosion and structural stiffness degradation. In this article, the rebar corrosion calculation model of tunnel segment contained transverse crack under stray current and chloride ion was established, and the coupling of electric field and chemical field in cracked concrete was realized. The effects of chloride ion content and input voltage on the rust layer distribution of cracked segment were studied. The results shows: Under the action of stray current and chloride ion, the 3D rust layer of cracked segments at the arch waist can be described by Gaussian mixture function. In the longitudinal direction, the rust layer at the crack section is located at the peak of the rust layer curve, and the increase of chloride ion content has a greater influence on the rust layer shape than the increase of stray current. When the chloride ion content and stray current are doubled, respectively, the maximum rust layer thickness of rebar will increases by 34% and 16%, respectively. In the circumferential direction, the nonuniform coefficient of elliptical rust layer will change with the increase of segment crack width and chloride ion content, but it will not be affected by stray current intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of red-emitting BaLaLiWO6:Mn4+ (BLLW:Mn4+) phosphors were successfully synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure and luminescence properties of the obtained samples were systematically investigated. The emission spectra exhibited a deep red emission band peaking at 716 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 44 nm under 340 nm excitation. The optimal Mn4+ molar concentration was about 1.2%. In addition, the luminescence mechanism was analyzed using a Tanabe Sugano energy level diagram. With the substitution of Sr for Ba, there was a red shift in the emission spectrum and a blue shift in the excitation spectrum. The emission intensity of BLLW:1.2%Mn4+ at 150 °C was about 22% of the initial value at room temperature. In contrast, the emission intensity of SrLaLiWO6:1.2%Mn4+ still maintained 79% of the initial emission intensity at room temperature at 150 °C. This was due to the fact that with the substitution of Sr for Ba, the W–O bond length gradually decreases, which gradually enhanced the crystal field strength of Mn4+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of rolling points accounting for 33% on the filtration performance of filter media, hoping to provide guidances for the selection of filter media for industrial dust removal. The differences in filtration performance between filter media with and without rolling points were compared through experiments. The results show that the initial pressure drop and resistance coefficient of clean filter media with rolling points increase by 31.07% and 45.08%, respectively. And, the pressure drop of loaded filter media with rolling points and the specific resistance coefficient of the dust cake are improved, but the difference in filtration efficiency between the two filter media not exceed 5%. Compared with the rolling points area accounting for about 33% of the physical filtration area, the effective filtration area of filter media without rolling points is 39.52% larger on average. Compared with the filter media with rolling points, the average filtration efficiency of the filter media without rolling points decreased from 91.90% to 89.88%, but the average pressure drop decreased from 128.7 Pa to 85.1 Pa, and the quality factor increased from 0.01637 to 0.02161, an improvement of about 32.01%. In short, rolling points reduce the filtration performance of filter media, and filter media without rolling points have better filtration and energy consumption performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aryl sulfides play an important role in pharmaceuticals, biologically active molecules and polymeric materials. Herein, a general and efficient protocol for Pd@COF-TB (a kind of Pd nanocatalyst supported by a covalent organic framework)/DIPEA-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of symmetrical diaryl sulfides through a C-S coupling reaction from aryl iodides and Na2S2O3 is developed. More importantly, the addition of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) can not only enhance the catalytic activity of a Pd@COF-TB nanocatalyst, but also effectively inhibit the formation of biphenyl byproducts, which are a product of Ullmann reaction. Besides, it has been confirmed that the aryl Bunte salts generated in situ from Na2S2O3 and aryl iodides are the sulfur sources involved in this C-S coupling reaction. With the strategy proposed in this work, a variety of symmetrical diaryl sulfides could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields with a high tolerance of various functional groups. Moreover, a possible mechanism of this Pd nanoparticle-catalyzed C-S coupling reaction is proposed based on the results of controlling experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Based on the basic theories of rock mechanics, Fracture mechanics and physical model tests, this paper focuses on the calculation method of the minimum safe thickness of the damage zone between the disaster source and the outburst prevention structure in the water inrush disaster. • A calculation method for the minimum safe thickness of excavation failure zone considering cyclic blasting dynamic disturbance has been established. • A physical model test of blasting impact was conducted, and a calculation method for the thickness of the layer fracture zone affected by factors such as explosion stress and karst water pressure was proposed. • A calculation method has been established for the seepage failure zone under the transmission of water pressure in the fractured zone. The water-filled karst cave in karst area as the disaster source is the energy storage structure of water and mud inrush disaster. Under the strong disturbance and high water pressure of blasting excavation, the water-bearing cracks in the rock mass between the disaster source and the tunnel face evolve to form water inrush channels, resulting in major disasters. In this paper, according to the type of water inrush caused by progressive failure of water-resisting rock mass, the outburst prevention structure is divided into disturbance failure zone, seepage failure zone and spallation failure zone. Based on the theory of rock mass mechanics, fracture mechanics and explosion mechanics, the water–rock interaction mechanism of drilling and blasting tunnel is analyzed, and the calculation method of minimum safety thickness of outburst prevention structure is established. Through the example verification of 2 # pressure pipeline project of Dagangshan hydropower station cavern group, the minimum safety thickness of anti-outburst structure in water inrush project is determined to be 5.25 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shenlian formula (SL) is a Chinese medicine formula used to curb the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. However, owing to the complexity of compounds and their related multiple targets in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it remains difficult and urgent to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at a holistic level. To investigate the intrinsic mechanisms by which SL suppresses AS progression and to gain new insight into its clinical use. We proposed a network pharmacology-based workflow to evaluate the mechanism by which SL affects AS via data analysis, target prediction, PPI network construction, GO and KEGG analyses, and a "drug-core ingredient-potential target-key pathway" network. Then, non-targeted lipidomic analysis was performed to explore the differential lipid metabolites in AS rats, revealing the possible mechanism by which SL affects atherosclerotic progression. Moreover, an AS rabbit model was constructed and gavaged for SL intervention. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokine indices were tested as an indication of the mitigating effect of SL on AS. A total of 89 bioactive compounds and 298 targets related to SL and AS, which play essential roles in this process, were identified, and a component-target-disease network was constructed. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that SL regulated metabolic pathway, lipids and atherosclerosis, the PI3K-Akt pathway, the MAPK pathway and so on. In vivo experimental validation revealed that a total of 43 different lipid metabolites regulated by SL were identified by non-targeted lipidomics, and glycerophospholipid metabolism was found to be an important mechanism for SL to interfere with AS. SL reduced the plaque area and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-4) and blood lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB) in HFD-induced AS models. In addition, HDL and ApoA 1 levels are increased. PLA2 and Lipin1 are highly expressed in AS model, indicating their role in destabilizing glycerophosphatidylcholine metabolism and contributing to the onset and progression of ankylosing spondylitis. Moreover, SL intervention significantly reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines; significantly down-regulated NF-kB/p65 expression, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. The Shenlian formula (SL) plays a pivotal role in the suppression of AS progression by targeting multiple pathways and mechanisms. This study provides novel insights into the essential genes and pathways associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of AS. [Display omitted] • The innovation of this paper lies in clarifying the therapeutic effect of SL on atherosclerosis, especially the prediction of anti-atherosclerosis active ingredients and related targets by network pharmacology tools. • The network pharmacology prediction and lipid metabolism pathway were verified by In vivo experiments, in atherosclerosis model. • SL formula intervention significantly reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines; significantly down-regulated NF-kB/p65 expression, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N, Zn-CDs with bright and stable fluorescence were synthesized. • The N, Zn-CDs sensor shows high sensitivity for Hg2+ with a LOD of 0.023 μM. • The sensor responds exclusively to Hg2+ without interference from other ions. • The sensor accurately identifies Hg2 + in different cosmetics with complex matrices. Rapid and reliable detection technologies for mercury ion in cosmetics are critical for public health. In this study, we synthesized nitrogen and zinc doped carbon quantum dots (N, Zn-CDs) with bright and stable fluorescence using the hydrothermal method. Structure characterization reveals the abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of N, Zn-CDs, which readily coordinate with Hg2+, resulting in fluorescence quenching. Basing on this, a rapid and simple quantitative analysis method for Hg2+ detection was designed. By optimizing the detection conditions, a good linear relationship in the range of 0 to 10 μM and a low detection limit of 0.023 μM were achieved. Besides, interference tests demonstrate the presence of other metal ions does not interfere with Hg2+ detection. When detecting Hg2+ in four types of cosmetics spiked with the ion, the sensor achieved recovery rates of 98.27 %, 110.03 %, 100.90 %, and 108.80 %, respectively, with relative standard deviations all under 6.90 %, demonstrating its capability to identify Hg2+ in complex matrices. This research offers a novel approach for the rapid and accurate detection of mercury in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Missing data from measurements of sensor itself and estimates of neighbor nodes. • Three distributed Kalman filter algorithms: ODKF, SDKF, and PDKF are designed. • Kalman filter gain and multi-consensus filter gains are designed in LUMV sense. • Mean boundedness of ODKF and steady-state properties of SDKF and PDKF. • Relationship of estimation accuracy of three distributed Kalman filters. This paper studies distributed estimation problems for multi-sensor systems with missing data. Missing data may occur during sensor measuring or data exchanging among sensor nodes due to unreliability of communication links or external disturbances. Missing data include random missing measurements of sensor itself and random missing estimates of neighbor nodes. Three distributed Kalman filter (DKF) algorithms with the Kalman-like form are designed for each sensor node. When it is available whether a datum is missing or not at each time, an optimal DKF (ODKF) dependent on the knowledge of missing data is presented, where filter gains and covariance matrices require online computing. To reduce online computational cost, a suboptimal DKF (SDKF) is presented, where filter gains and covariance matrices dependent on missing probabilities can be computed offline. When it is unavailable whether a datum is missing or not, a probability-based DKF (PDKF) dependent on missing probabilities is presented. For each DKF algorithm, an optimal Kalman filter gain for measurements of sensor itself and different optimal consensus filter gains for state estimates of its neighbor nodes are designed in the linear unbiased minimum variance (LUMV) sense, respectively. Mean boundedness of covariance matrix of the proposed ODKF is analyzed. Stability and steady-state properties of the proposed SDKF and PDKF are analyzed. Also, the performance of three DKF algorithms is compared. Simulation examples demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel commutation error closed-loop compensation method for the position sensorless brushless dc motor. A key challenge is addressed that the conventional closed-loop compensation method fails in the case of no available analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed method consists of a commutation error sign detection circuit and a compensation algorithm. First, the voltage of the virtual neutral point with respect to dc-link midpoint is transformed to obtain a logic level. The logic level can indicate whether the commutation is advanced or delayed. Then, the logic level is mapped to a commutation error sign flag variable, based on which a novel iterative compensation algorithm is designed. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method achieves a high-precision closed-loop compensation using only one general-purpose input/output of the digital processor instead of ADC. Finally, the experiments on a magnetically suspended control moment gyro prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The prognostic value of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vessel hyperintensity (FVH) remains controversial in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The objective was to investigate whether the presence of FVH could predict long-term functional outcomes in patients with AIS receiving medical therapy. Methods: Consecutive AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel stenosis (LVS) in multiple centers between January 2019 and December 2020 were studied. Presence of FVH was identified and evaluated as FVH (+). Quantification of FVH was performed using an FVH–Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) system and divided into grades: FVH-ASPECTS of 0 = grade 0; 1–2 = grade 1; 3–7 = grade 2. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale > 2 at 3 months. Results: Overall, 175 patients were analyzed (age, 64.31 ± 13.47 years; men, 65.1%), and 78.9% patients presented with FVH. Larger infarct volume (19.90 mL vs. 5.50 mL, p < 0.001), higher rates of FVH (+) (92.0% vs. 65.9%, p < 0.001), and higher FVH grades (grade 2, 34.5% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001) were more prone to be observed in patients with poor functional outcomes. FVH (+) with infarct volume larger than 6.265 mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–19.98) and FVH grade (grade 1, aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.12–8.43; grade 2, aOR 5.80, 95% CI 1.59–21.11) were independently associated with poor functional outcomes. Conclusion: FVH (+) combined with large infarct volume and high FVH grade can predict poor long-term functional outcomes in patients with LVS who receive medical therapy. Key Points: • FVH is expected to be a contrast agent–independent alternative for assessing hemodynamic status in the acute stage of stroke. • FVH (+) and high FVH grade, quantified by FVH–ASPECTS rating system and grades, are associated with large infarct volume. • The combination of FVH and DWI-based infarct volume has independent predictive value for long-term functional outcomes in AIS patients with large artery stenosis treated with medical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spark plasma sintered SiC-based ceramics with amorphous Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and CaO–Al 2 O 3 sintering additives prepared by melt-quench approach, were compared with those with the direct addition of raw Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and CaO–Al 2 O 3 mixture. The relative densities of SiC-based with raw Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and CaO–Al 2 O 3 were 95.3% and 94.3%, respectively. In spite of the same composition of sintering additive, the relative densities of SiC-based ceramics reached the values of 98.9% and 99.5% by using the glassy additives of Y 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and CaO–Al 2 O 3 , respectively, and the hardness of SiC-based ceramics was improved by about 22.2% and 17.2%, respectively. The amorphous sintering additive effectively improved the densification and hardness of SiC ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new prediction model was developed for the pressure drop of fibrous surface filters. • The proposed model is suitable for both small-scale filter media and large-scale dust collectors. • A quantitative analysis was conducted to evaluate the importance of filtration parameters. Surface filters are extensively utilized for the control of particulate matter and air pollution, and predicting the pressure drop can offer theoretical guidance in the selection of operational parameters for fibrous surface filters. However, there is presently a dearth of efficient and user-friendly methods for predicting the pressure drop. This paper focuses on the accurate and convenient prediction of the pressure drop of fibrous surface filters for gas filtration. Firstly, an analytical model for pressure drop, including the blocked fiber layer and the dust cake, was developed by considering the characteristics of the filter media, dust properties, and loading conditions. The model was validated through laboratory experiments, and the relative error between the model values and experimental data remains within a 15% error. Furthermore, based on the model, the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the pressure drop of the fiber layer and the pressure drop of the dust cake, and the filtration parameter importance were conducted. The influence of filtration parameters on the pressure drop follows the order of filtration velocity, dust concentration, and dust particle size, which provides guidance for choosing the gas filtration operating conditions in the efficient and low-resistance operation of surface filters. Additionally, the model was validated through field test data collected with large-scale cartridge filters in bulk grain loading. The predicted values fit well with the field test results. Overall, this study provides a promising tool for predicting the pressure drop of fibrous surface filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ABD matrix is a fundamental method to characterize the overall stiffness behavior of laminated composite structures. Although classical laminate theory has been widely used, it has limitations in predicting the ABD matrix for woven composites. To address this issue, this paper presents a mesoscale homogenization approach aimed at computing the ABD matrix for thin woven composites accurately. The mesoscale representative volume element (RVE) of the woven composite is generated using TexGen and imposed with periodic boundary conditions to enforce the Kirchhoff thin plate assumption. The ABD matrix is computed by conducting six separate finite element simulations, each representing one simple in-plane or out-of-plane deformation in a specified direction. Moreover, to facilitate the implementation of the method, an open-source plugin tool was developed within ABAQUS CAE, automating the ABD matrix calculation for various types of woven composites including 2D weave, 3D weave, and multiaxial. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated through benchmark calculations against existing literature results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inaccuracies in intraoperative and preoperative measurements and estimations may lead to adverse outcomes such as patient-prosthesis mismatch. We aim to measure the relation between different dimensions of the atrioventricular valve complex in explanted porcine heart models. After a detailed physical morphology study, a cast of the explanted heart models was made using silicon-based materials. Digital models were obtained from three-dimensional scanning of the casts, showing the measured annulopapillary distance was 2.50 ± 0.18 cm, and 2.75 ± 0.36 cm for anterior and posterior papillary muscles of left ventricle, respectively. There was a significant linear association between the mitral annular circumference to anterior–posterior distance (p = 0.003, 95% CI 0.78–3.06), mitral annular circumference to interpapillary distance (p = 0.009, 95% CI 0.38–2.20), anterior–posterior distance to interpapillary distance (p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.10–0.78). Anterior–posterior distance appeared to be the most important predictor of mitral annular circumference compared to other measured distances. The mean length of the perpendicular distance of the tricuspid annulus, a, was 2.65 ± 0.54 cm; b was 1.77 ± 0.60 cm, and c was 3.06 ± 0.55 cm. Distance c was the most significant predictor for tricuspid annular circumference (p = 0.006, 95% CI 0.28–2.84). The anterior–posterior distance measured by three-dimensional scanning can safely be used to predict the annular circumference of the mitral valve. For the tricuspid valve, the strongest predictor for the circumference is the c-distance. Other measurements made from the positively correlated parameters may be extrapolated to their respective correlated parameters. They can aid surgeons in selecting the optimal prosthesis for the patients and improve procedural planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attribute-based encryption(ABE) can enable user-centered data sharing in untrusted cloud scenario where users usually lack control on their outsourced data. However, existing ABE schemes have intrinsic limitations on scalability and revocation efficiency due to the bottleneck of a central authority and heavy re-encryption overhead on revocations. In this paper, we present a revocable decentralized attribute-based encryption scheme for data access control in cloud storage. In particular, by integrating decentralized attribute-based encryption, key regression technique, all-or-nothing transform, revocation list for involved attributes, and blacklist in a novel way, we provide a revocable ABE scheme with practical dynamic group membership and identity privacy protection, and meanwhile, it enhances the re-encryption efficiency caused by revocations without sacrificing security. We analyzed the security of our scheme. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the cryptographic overhead on key derivation, encryption(decryption), and ABE ciphertext update are reasonable, and for the throughput of accessing encrypted data from the cloud, our scheme outperforms other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Schiff base hollow covalent organic framework (COF) was used for anchoring Pd(II) to synthesize the Pd@COF‐TB nanocatalyst. Then, the as‐synthesized Pd@COF‐TB catalyst has been meticulously characterized using several methods. Thereafter, the catalytic performance of the Pd@COF‐TB species regarding Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions was examined, and the corresponding products were obtained with good to excellent yields. Besides, the Pd@COF‐TB catalyst could be recovered conveniently and reused at least eight times without obvious decrease in activity and selectivity. More importantly, the leaching of Pd during the reaction process could be negligible, which is crucially important when preparing bioactive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a prevalent and reversible post-transcriptional RNA modification that decorates tRNA, rRNA and mRNA. Recent studies based on technical advances in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing methods have revealed the crucial roles of m1A RNA modification in gene regulation and biological processes. In this review, we focus on progress in the study of m1A methyltransferases, m1A demethylases and m1A-dependent RNA-binding proteins and highlight the biological mechanisms and functions of m1A RNA modification, as well as its association with human disease. We also summarize the current understanding of detection approaches for m1A RNA modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pelvic autonomic nerves control and regulate anorectal and urogenital function. The dysfunction of pelvic autonomic nerves lead to disorders of anorectum, bladder and male sex organs. Thus the intraoperative identification of pelvic autonomic nerves could be crucial in complications prevention and diseases treatment. Our clinical trial aims at estimating the effectiveness and validity of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in pelvic autonomic nerves identification. Methods: Intraoperative fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green was performed in ten patients and the feasibility was determined. From February 2019 to June 2019, the seven patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection was administrated 4.5 mg/Kg indocyanine green 24 h before surgery. The near-infrared fluorescence imaging was conducted during surgery. A novel white light and near-infrared dual-channel laparoscopic equipment was applied. For each patient, signal–background ratio values for pelvic autonomic nerves were recorded and analyzed. Results: We confirmed the dose and timing of indocyanine green administration was 4.5 mg/Kg and 24 h before surgery. Using the dual laparoscopic equipment, we could observe the splanchnic plexus, inferior mesenteric artery plexus, and sacral plexus successfully with a high signal background ratio value of 3.18 (standard deviation: 0.48). Conclusion: This pilot trial shows feasibility of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in pelvic autonomic nerves observation. It demonstrates that nerves can be visualized using alternative imaging techniques but it is not ready yet for prime time. This technique might aid observation with white light alone. Registration number: ChiCTR1900025336. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate commutation point is essential to ensure the ideal torque performance and low power consumption for brushless DC (BLDC) motor. In order to achieve the precise sensorless commutation at a constant or the rapidly varying speed, a fast commutation error correction method is proposed in this article. First, it is pointed out that the controlled variable variation, the high rate of commutation error relative to the low speed and the nonlinearity of the correction loop are the main origins of commutation error when the speed varies rapidly. Then, a novel commutation error correction method is proposed through the following three aspects: first, constructing a controlled variable first utilized for commutation correction, which keeps constant at the rapidly varying speed; second, incorporating feedforward compensation for the phase shift caused by low-pass filter; third, using feedback linearization to reduce the nonlinearity of the correction loop. The proposed commutation error correction method not only corrects the commutation error fast at a constant speed, but also achieves precise commutation when the rotor speed changes rapidly. Moreover, the proposed method is based on the principle of closed-loop control, thus, it also has the advantage of anti-interference. At last, the experimental results are shown to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), with early metastasis and high recurrence rates, is an enormous threat to health. As an anthraquinones monomer of traditional Chinese medicine Hedyotis diffusa, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylanthraquinone (HMA) has been reported to inhibit the growth of several cancers. But in our preliminary study, HMA could only weakly induce GBC cell apoptosis. To explore other possible mechanism underlying the inhibition effect of HMA on GBC, this proteomics analysis was performed. A proteomics analysis was performed on one GBC cell line bought from the China Life Science Cell Bank. Several computational techniques were merged to develop analysis for those differently expressed proteins. A comparative protein–protein interaction network analysis was carried out among the differently expressed proteins to identify the proteins potentially inhibiting GBC. Thus, a GO and KEGG analysis was performed to identify the signaling pathways underlying a potential therapeutic role for HMA. A total of 285 proteins were affected by HMA, including 187 upregulated and 98 downregulated. The subcellular localization of differently expressed proteins were identified, including 142 in nuclear, 67 in cytoplasm, 67 in extracellular matrix, 46 in plasma membrane, 13 in mitochondrion, 3 in lysosome, and 1 in cytoskeleton. HMA could regulate EGFR, FN1, PLG, PLAUR, LAMA3, HRG, THBS1, PLAT, KNG1, ENAM, SERPINE1, ECM1, interleukin‐8, and trypsin in GBC. Most of the regulated proteins involve in cell migration. Pathways including PI3K–Akt, Wnt, HIF‐1, focal adhesion, microRNAs were regulated by HMA. HMA was shown to be an inhibition agent for GBC development, and this analysis would contribute to the development of new anti‐GBC drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The injury of common bile duct (CBD) is one of the most common complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Consequences of CBD injury are grave since CBD is the only pathway of bile from biliary tracts to duodenum. When CBD injury occurs, extra surgical procedures repairing CBD or reconstructing biliary tracts have to be performed on patients, which increase expenses of patients and physical trauma. A total of 238 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in Zhuhai People's Hospital from July 2020 to April 2021 were enrolled in this observational study, including 126 patients undergoing conventional LC and 112 patients undergoing ICG angiography–guided LC. Method of propensity score matching was used to balance the preoperative data of patients in the two groups. For both groups, the "Critical View of Safety" (CVS) was introduced. For the ICG group, the CBD, cystic duct (CD), and gallbladder were identified using near-infrared (NIR) ray. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospitalization time, and the incidence rate of intraoperative complications were compared between the two groups. ICG angiography in LC shows safe and effective outcomes. The intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, postoperative hospitalization time, and complication incidence rate of the ICG group are significantly lower than those of the conventional group. ICG angiography in LC was a useful and effective method to identify the CBD and prevent intraoperative complications. Registration at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No: ChiCTR1900024594. Registration time: 18/07/2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of different contents ranging 0–15 wt% of high‐entropy boride (HEB) (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 on the mechanical properties of SiC‐based ceramics using Al2O3‐Y2O3 sintering additives sintered by spark plasma sintering process were investigated in this study. The results showed that the introduction of 5 and 10 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 could facilitate the densification and the grain growth of SiC‐based ceramics via the mechanism of liquid phase sintering. However, the grain growth of SiC‐based ceramics was inhibited by the grain boundary pinning effect with the addition of 15 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2. The SiC‐based ceramics with 15 wt% (Hf0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 showed the enhanced hardness (21.9±0.7 GPa) and high toughness (4.88±0.88 MPa·m1/2) as compared with high‐entropy phase‐free SiC‐based ceramics, which exhibited a hardness of 16.6 GPa and toughness of 3.10 MPa·m1/2. The enhancement in mechanical properties was attributed to the addition of higher hardness of HEB phase, crack deflection toughening mechanism, and presence of residual stress due to the mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing multi-filamentary 122-type iron pnictides with high mechanical strength and large filling factor is essential for promoting engineering application. In this work, we fabricated 19-filamentary Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2/Ag/Monel composite wires and tapes through employing roller-die drawing. The introduction of Monel outer sheath strongly reinforces the microhardness Hv up to 134–138, which is ~ 3.4 times higher than silver inner matrix of only 36–44. Importantly, multi-filamentary design and extraordinary microhardness of Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2/Ag/Monel conductors increase their filling factors by a factor of 2–4 times; those are 35.6–36.4% comparing with 8–15% for the present multi-filamentary wires. Through magnetic characterization, the critical current density Jc values of Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2 wires and tapes are 2.7 × 103 and 4.2 × 103 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 5 T, respectively. The Jc enhancement in tapes is attributed to high mass density and grain texture in the filaments. Moreover, the magnetic Jc exhibits weak field-dependent in the high-field region even at 20 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]