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Camelina sativa is embraced as a dedicated Brassicaceae oilseed for its valued seed oil wildly used for food, feed and biofuel, with commercial cultivation to increase largely across the world recently. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying camelina oil biosynthesis and great environmental adaptability by focusing on phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase type 1 (DGAT1) and type 2 (DGAT2) families. Following genome-based identification for the three family members, qPCR and GC analysis were employed, respectively, to examine expression patterns of these family members and lipid profiles in camelina seed and other tissues, particularly under stress conditions. It revealed that each of these families had three members in camelina. Those members showed various expression patterns in camelina seed development and other tissues. The tremendous expression of CsDGAT1-A and CsDGAT2-C appeared in seeds between 15 and 22 DAF, the period for vast oil enhancement, suggesting that CsDGAT1-A and CsDGAT2-C contribute to oil accumulation in seeds with CsDGAT1-A much important. CsPDAT3 and CsDGAT1-C highly expressed in leaf and flower, indicating that both enzymes, particular CsPDAT3 is the major contributor for oil accumulation in leaf and flower. Under cold stress, with oil elevating, expressions of CsDGAT2-B and CsPDAT1 were induced to increase in the seedlings by 11- and 6-folds respectively compared to the control, showing that CsDGAT2-B and CsPDAT1 mainly function for oil accumulation in plants beneficial for cold tolerance. Furthermore, salt stress induced CsDGAT1-B and CsPDAT2 to express up by 8-15 folds, demonstrating that CsDGAT1-B and CsPDAT2 play important roles in salt resistance. Collectively, different members of CsDGAT1, CsDGAT2 and CsPDAT work at different tissues and stress conditions, providing a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of oil accumulation, especially functions of CsDGAT1, CsDGAT2 and CsPDAT family members in plant stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]