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The budding yeast Xrn1 protein shuttles between the nucleus, where it stimulates transcription, and the cytoplasm, where it executes the major cytoplasmic mRNA decay. In the cytoplasm, apart from catalyzing 5'→3' decay onto non translated mRNAs, Xrn1 can follow the last translating ribosome to degrade the decapped mRNA template, a process known as "cotranslational mRNA decay". We have previously observed that the import of Xrn1 to the nucleus is required for efficient cytoplasmic mRNA decay. Here by using an Xrn1 mutant that cannot enter the nucleus, but is otherwise functional in ribonuclease activity, we show that nuclear import is necessary for proper global cotranslational decay of mRNAs along coding regions and also affects degradation in the of 5' region of a large group of mRNAs, which comprise about 20% of the transcriptome. Furthermore, a principal component analysis of the genomic datasets of this mutant and other Xrn1 mutants also shows that lack of a cytoplasmic 5'→3' exoribonuclease is the primary cause of the physiological defects seen in a xrn1Δ mutant, but also suggests that Xrn1 import into the nucleus is necessary for its full in vivo functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chestnut Red Stain (CRS) is a heartwood discoloration that widely affects Castanea sativa Mill. productive coppice stands in the northeast of Spain. At the early stages of infection, the structural properties of the wood are not affected, but still its economic value drops up to 70% due to the rejection of this wood. This disease is caused by the fungus Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With. and causes uncertainty to forest managers since the fungal infection is virtually impossible to detect before felling. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient detection method to evaluate the presence of F. hepatica in early stages of productive periods. A total of 72 chestnuts were analyzed through molecular methods to determine the presence of F. hepatica and with an IML resistance drill to characterize their wood. Thirteen wood quality indices were calculated and their correlation with the presence of the pathogen was evaluated using linear mixed models. We found clear differences between healthy and infected trees in four indices. A new specific index (Chestnut Red Stain Danger index) was designed to estimate the probability of infection by F. hepatica. The results support the hypothesis that the early presence of F. hepatica is detectable through inexpensive and fast mechanical methods early in a rotation. The results of this work will help forest managers evaluate the incidence of CRS, as well as it establishes a novel methodology for further development of resistance drilling techniques for heartwood rot detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LED light technology has been used in recent years in plant breeding due to its proven energy efficiency, low cost, and high quality for the enhancement of crops, including some aromatic medicinal plants (AMPs). Nonetheless, although several studies have shown that specific wavelengths can increase the content of bioactive compounds used by pharmaceutical, medical, and perfumery industries, there is limited information on this topic and the possible implications for plant stress in AMPs. The current systematic review focused on the effects of LED light on the physiological response, metabolite synthesis, and flowering induction in three important AMP genera: Lavandula, Salvia, and Thymus, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. A literature search was performed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The bibliographic analysis highlights the significant variation in physiological responses to different light spectra between species, even within the same genera, implying a need to optimize light conditions in each species to achieve the best results. Finally, this review provides essential information for laying the groundwork for future research focused on enhancing AMPs using LED light to overcome various types of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fandom has created alternative narratives and images to extend literary works, films and video games, thereby fostering a participatory transmediality as advocated by Robert Pratten. It allows users to develop suggested or non-existent plots, including romantic relationships between characters, ranging from the heteronormative to the homoerotic. With generative artificial intelligence, this phenomenon continues, especially in cases such as Harry Potter and Twilight, where the realism achieved by this technology brings creative innovations that enrich the original stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In complex networks, the degree distribution varies and provides an insight into the general structure of the system. For example, it may show scale‐free characteristics of the network, indicating higher vulnerability against non‐random disturbances. However, investigating its spatio‐temporal variability, degree distribution in marine food webs remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we focus on describing the global variability of degree distribution in marine food webs. Location: Global. Methods: We studied 105 marine food webs. By Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and kernel density estimation, we determined the degree distribution of each food web, described its spatio‐temporal pattern and quantified the correlation between relevant parameters as a function of the scale‐free property of the degree distribution. Results: Marine food webs around the globe did not strictly exhibit scale‐free characteristics in most regions, and only below 5% of the food webs entered the "strongest fit" level of the scale‐free network. We also find food webs in the polar regions indicate relatively high goodness‐of‐fit to scale‐free networks. The upwelling ecosystem related to ocean currents is prone to form a scale‐free web, which exhibits periodic scale‐free characteristics. The ecosystem types with relatively 'low fit' levels were mainly concentrated in the ecosystems heavily influenced by human activities. Main Conclusions: This research will enhance the research in terms of (a) classifying degree distribution in marine food webs; (b) revealing the variability in the spatial pattern of particular distributions, for example, the scale‐free characteristics and (c) exploring the distribution of in‐degree in space, quantifying the proportion of generalist and specialist species, as a potential indicator of adaptive potential of ecosystems. This research contributes to our understanding of the scale‐free features of marine food webs globally. It also offers a real systems‐based conservation approach to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the structural vulnerability of marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this work, we investigate the native parasitoid community colonising galls by an invasive pest: the oriental chestnut gall wasp (OCGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae). We tried to understand how native parasitoids react after the arrival of the pest (two‐year sampling period) in the province of Zamora (Castilla & León region, N‐W Spain). For this purpose, we collected both, chestnut galls from six stands and oak galls from surrounding oak groves. Our results highlight the response to D. kuriphilus provided by the oak gall wasps that naturally inhabit Quercus pyrenaica. The parasitoid community showed a core assemblage composed of Eurytoma brunniventris, Torymus flavipes and T. sinensis in OCGW galls, and Baryscapus diaphantus, Bootanomyia dorsalis, Eupelmus urozonus, E. brunniventris, Mesopolobus lichtensteini, T. affinis, and T. flavipes in oak galls. We identified the torymid T. flavipes as one of the most common parasitoids of OCGW, in addition to the exotic parasitoid T. sinensis, never officially released in the region but present in the study area. In addition, we intend to know its possible incidence on non‐target cynipids. We have found an intense connection in the food web with some chalcids that establish interactions with the gall wasp, both in adult instar (emerging from reared galls) and larval (presence of larvae in OCGW gall chambers, identified by dissection). We also describe the flight phenology of D. kuriphilus in our study area (as far as we know, the first one focused in Castilla & León region) and evaluate the overlap between OCGW and native and exotic parasitoids showing a promising role of native guild as biocontrollers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and patency results of a simultaneous surgical approach to repair urethral stricture and treat benign prostatic enlargement endoscopically in a highly selected group of patients at a tertiary referral center. We hypothesize that this is technically feasible, safe, and does not affect urethroplasty outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of adult men who underwent simultaneous urethroplasty and endoscopic prostatic surgery between May 2017 and May 2024 at our institution was conducted. Patients with strictures < 15 French and prostates with adverse prognostic features of response to medical treatment were included. The primary outcome was technical feasibility and safety. The secondary outcome was stricture-free survival. Results: Twenty men were treated during the study period. The median length of the urethral stricture was 3.0 cm (IQR 2.0–5.0), and the median size of the prostate was 95.0 cc (IQR 63.3–128.3). All patients were treated successfully with a median operative time of 194.5 min (IQR 180.0–246.8), and no procedures required conversion to a staged procedure or open prostatectomy. There were seven Clavien–Dindo I–II complications and one Clavien–Dindo IIIb complication (hematuria requiring endoscopic clot evacuation). At 22 months follow-up, two cases of urethral re-stricture were diagnosed, with one case requiring redo urethroplasty, though none had previous major complications. Conclusion: The combination of urethroplasty and endoscopic surgery for benign prostatic enlargement at the same stage appears to be technically viable and safe, and it does not compromise medium-term urethral patency results in a carefully selected group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To function effectively as an integrated system, the transcriptional and post- transcriptional machineries must communicate through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Here, we focus on the zinc-finger Sfp1, known to regulate transcription of proliferation-related genes. We show that Sfp1 can regulate transcription either by binding to promoters, like most known transcription activators, or by binding to the transcribed regions (gene bodies), probably via RNA polymerase II (Pol II). We further studied the first mode of Sfp1 activity and found that, following promoter binding, Sfp1 binds to gene bodies and affects Pol II configuration, manifested by dissociation or conformational change of its Rpb4 subunit and increased backtracking. Surprisingly, Sfp1 binds to a subset of mRNAs co-transcriptionally and stabilizes them. The interaction between Sfp1 and its client mRNAs is controlled by their respective promoters and coincides with Sfp1's dissociation from chromatin. Intriguingly, Sfp1 dissociation from the chromatin correlates with the extent of the backtracked Pol II. We propose that, following promoter recruitment, Sfp1 accompanies Pol II and regulates backtracking. The back-tracked Pol II is more compatible with Sfp1's relocation to the nascent transcripts, whereupon Sfp1 accompanies these mRNAs to the cytoplasm and regulates their stability. Thus, Sfp1's co-transcriptional binding imprints the mRNA fate, serving as a paradigm for the cross-talk between the synthesis and decay of specific mRNAs, and a paradigm for the dual-role of some zinc-finger proteins. The interplay between Sfp1's two modes of transcription regulation remains to be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industrialized farms, rabbit does undergo intensive production rhythms which overlap lactation and gestation, leading to a high energy mobilization and increasing oxidative stress. Accordingly, we hypothesize that administration of the flavonoid quercetin (QUR) may improve the antioxidant status of young and adult rabbit reproductive females. In this study, the effect of daily oral administration of 300 mg/kg QUR for 8 weeks was assessed on the antioxidant profile of 24 New Zealand × Californian rabbit does, assigned to 4 experimental groups: rearing young (8–16 weeks old) and adult does at the end of their reproductive life (12–14 months old, with at least 3–4 reproductive cycles) treated (YQ and AQ) or not (YC and AC) with QUR, respectively. Plasma glutathione (GSH), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured during the experimental period. To assess the health status of the animals, a physical examination was also performed. GSH plasma concentrations were significantly higher in young does at weeks 1 and 4, but not at week 8 of the experiment, irrespectively of QUR administration. An increase in GSH plasma concentration was observed during the 8‐week experiment in both AQ and AC groups. Furthermore, QUR administration did not alter either SOD or MDA serum activity and concentration in any group during the experimental period. Physical examination revealed no differences between the experimental groups. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, QUR did not modify the general clinical or the antioxidant profile of young and adult reproductive rabbit females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Europe mainly at winter season the PM levels exceed air quality limits, which correlated with the operation of solid-fired boilers. More and more people are returning to using these devices due to energy shortage caused by the pandemic and regional conflicts. In addition, the phenomena of co-burning fuels and municipal waste in residential boilers in primarily fuel poverty households increases further the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere. This study aims to correlate the quantity and quality of air pollutants with the type of fuel (wood and wastes) burned. Combustion experiments were conducted using oak fuel mixed with three waste groups: (1) plastics (PP, HDPE, PET); (2) textiles (polyester—PES, cotton—COT); and (3) papers (cardboard—CARD, glossy coated paper—GCP, 84C/PAP). The addition of waste to wood fuel altered the morphology of emitted particles. While waste burning doesn't always increase particle quantity, it significantly raises PAH concentrations. A strong relationship exists between waste type, particle morphology, and PAH quality, where with lower molecular weight PAHs linked to tar agglomerates and higher ones to soot agglomerates with inorganic crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects ecosystems at several levels: by altering the spatial distribution of individual species, by locally rewiring interspecific interactions, and by reorganizing trophic networks at larger scales. The dynamics of marine food webs are becoming more and more sensitive to spatial processes and connections in the seascape. As a case study, we study the atlantification of the Barents Sea: we compare spatio-temporal subsystems at three levels: the identity of key organisms, critically important interactions and the entire food web. Network analysis offers quantitative measurements, including centrality indices, trophic similarity indices, a topological measure of interaction asymmetry and network-level measures. We found that atlantification alters the identity of key species (boreal demersals becoming hubs), results in strongly asymmetric interactions (dominated by haddock), changes the dominant regulation regime (from bottom-up to wasp-waist control) and makes the food web less modular. Since the results of food web analysis may be quite sensitive to network construction, the aggregation of food web data was explicitly studied to increase the robustness of food web analysis. We found that an alternative, mathematical aggregation algorithm better preserves some network properties (e.g. density) of the original, unaggregated network than the biologically inspired aggregation into functional groups. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects ecosystems at several levels: by altering the spatial distribution of individual species, by locally rewiring interspecific interactions, and by reorganizing trophic networks at larger scales. The dynamics of marine food webs are becoming more and more sensitive to spatial processes and connections in the seascape. As a case study, we study the atlantification of the Barents Sea: we compare spatio-temporal subsystems at three levels: the identity of key organisms, critically important interactions and the entire food web. Network analysis offers quantitative measurements, including centrality indices, trophic similarity indices, a topological measure of interaction asymmetry and network-level measures. We found that atlantification alters the identity of key species (boreal demersals becoming hubs), results in strongly asymmetric interactions (dominated by haddock), changes the dominant regulation regime (from bottom-up to wasp-waist control) and makes the food web less modular. Since the results of food web analysis may be quite sensitive to network construction, the aggregation of food web data was explicitly studied to increase the robustness of food web analysis. We found that an alternative, mathematical aggregation algorithm better preserves some network properties (e.g. density) of the original, unaggregated network than the biologically inspired aggregation into functional groups. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geography is a science, which has been through epistemological revolutions, currently positioning itself in the themes of socio-environmental problems, due to its integrating nature in these issues. Being one of the main problems, changes in land use, which affect many natural landscapes around the world, generating a series of environmental problems and the progressive depletion of its natural resources, and in many cases their complete loss. Therefore, the objective of this research is to make a synthesis of the concepts that structure the GTP (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape) model, as well to provide a methodological approach, based on this model, for future landscape studies, as sources of essential information in planning and territorial management of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™. Integration of omics data with a curated signaling network enables the accurate and interpretable prediction of 66,348 combination-cell line pairs obtained from a large-scale combinatorial drug sensitivity screen of 684 combinations across 97 cancer cell lines (BAC = 0.62, AUC = 0.7). We highlight drug combination pairs that interact with DNA Damage Response pathways and are predicted to be synergistic, and deep network insight to identify biomarkers driving combination synergy. We demonstrate that the cancer cell 'avatars' capture the biological complexity of their in vitro counterparts, enabling the identification of pathway-level mechanisms of combination benefit to guide clinical translatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A d-dimensional framework is a pair (G,p), where G is a graph and p maps the vertices of G to points in Rd. The edges of G are mapped to the corresponding line segments. A graph G is said to be globally rigid in Rd if every generic d-dimensional framework (G,p) is determined, up to congruence, by its edge lengths. A finer property is global linkedness: we say that a vertex pair {u,v} of G is globally linked in G in Rd if in every generic d-dimensional framework (G,p) the distance of u and v is uniquely determined by the edge lengths. In this paper we investigate globally linked pairs in graphs in Rd. We give several characterizations of those rigid graphs G in which a pair {u,v} is globally linked if and only if there exist d+1 internally disjoint paths from u to v in G. We call these graphs d-joined. Among others, we show that G is d-joined if and only if for each pair of generic frameworks of G with the same edge lengths, one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of partial reflections along hyperplanes determined by d-separators of G. We also show that the family of d-joined graphs is closed under edge addition, as well as under gluing along d or more vertices. As a key ingredient to our main results, we prove that rigid graphs in Rd contain no crossing d-separators. Our results give rise to new families of graphs for which global linkedness (and global rigidity) in Rd can be tested in polynomial time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™. Integration of omics data with a curated signaling network enables the accurate and interpretable prediction of 66,348 combination-cell line pairs obtained from a large-scale combinatorial drug sensitivity screen of 684 combinations across 97 cancer cell lines (BAC = 0.62, AUC = 0.7). We highlight drug combination pairs that interact with DNA Damage Response pathways and are predicted to be synergistic, and deep network insight to identify biomarkers driving combination synergy. We demonstrate that the cancer cell 'avatars' capture the biological complexity of their in vitro counterparts, enabling the identification of pathway-level mechanisms of combination benefit to guide clinical translatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) systems have changed the way we live, work and do businesses in many areas, even those that until recently seemed unlikely. Some areas that can benefit from their application are, among others, healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, smart agriculture, intelligent transportation systems, smart logistics, and emergency response. This research work proposes a novel alternative that allows the creation of IoT systems capable of making remote changes in devices' communication in a fast and agile manner. Our proposal gives way to some of the most common changes in communication made during the development and maintenance phase in IoT systems, like changing the destination of data transmission, sending the data to multiple destinations, and changing the frequency of sending data. Our solution, which is used in the programs, is loaded on the device. When the device starts, it connects to a configuration server in the background and listens for changes. The changes are sent to the configuration server using specified commands. When a change is detected, the command is processed, and the change in communication is applied without stopping the running program. We designed experiments to evaluate the complexity of the programs developed using our proposal and the actions needed to make a change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jane Austen normally avoids discussing appearance throughout her works. Persuasion constitutes the exception to the rule, as the story focuses on the premature aging experienced by her protagonist, Anne Elliot, seemingly due to disappointed love. Much has been written about Anne's "loss of bloom," but never from the perspective of psychoneuroimmunology, the field that researches the interrelation between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems. In this paper, we adopt a perspective of psychoneuroimmunology to argue that Austen established a connection between psychological distress, specifically lovesickness, and the development of early senescence signs, and vice versa, since the recovery of love is associated with happiness and physical glow. From a gender perspective, we discuss how Austen brightly reflected these interrelationships through the story of Anne, when the latest psychoneuroimmunological research has actually shown that women age earlier than men as a consequence of psychological turmoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extension projects help to train undergraduate students and contribute to strengthening social responsibility. In this perspective, the project "Chama a FPS" emerged to bring students closer to mental health issues such as bullying, violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs, anxiety, depression, and suicide. The present study evaluated mental health and the use of alcohol and other drugs by extension students, as well as their perception of the contribution of the 'Chama a FPS' (Call the FPS) extension project in their academic careers. This article is a descriptive and exploratory study with qualitative methodology conducted with extensionists from a higher education institution in Recife-PE. For data collection, a questionnaire with sociodemographic information, academic training, life habits, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was used, in addition to an interview script constructed by the authors of this study. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed and classified according to Minayo's proposal. The participants were 27 university students, primarily women (62%), white (59.3%), single (92.6%), and medical students (59.3%). The narratives highlighted significant changes in the education of those involved when participating in the extension project, emphasizing the integral view of the subject. The perception of social responsibility, related to the extension project, points out the relevance of the stimulus to the creation and maintenance of this type of training that is concerned with preparation beyond the professional sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider two types of matroids defined on the edge set of a graph G : count matroids M k , ℓ (G) , in which independence is defined by a sparsity count involving the parameters k and ℓ , and the C 2 1 -cofactor matroid C (G) , in which independence is defined by linear independence in the cofactor matrix of G. We show, for each pair (k , ℓ) , that if G is sufficiently highly connected, then G − e has maximum rank for all e ∈ E (G) , and the matroid M k , ℓ (G) is connected. These results unify and extend several previous results, including theorems of Nash-Williams and Tutte (k = ℓ = 1), and Lovász and Yemini (k = 2 , ℓ = 3). We also prove that if G is highly connected, then the vertical connectivity of C (G) is also high. We use these results to generalize Whitney's celebrated result on the graphic matroid of G (which corresponds to M 1 , 1 (G)) to all count matroids and to the C 2 1 -cofactor matroid: if G is highly connected, depending on k and ℓ , then the count matroid M k , ℓ (G) uniquely determines G ; and similarly, if G is 14-connected, then its C 2 1 -cofactor matroid C (G) uniquely determines G. We also derive similar results for the t -fold union of the C 2 1 -cofactor matroid, and use them to prove that every 24-connected graph has a spanning tree T for which G − E (T) is 3-connected, which verifies a case of a conjecture of Kriesell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sequencing variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (≃300 bp) with Illumina technology is commonly used to study the composition of human microbiota. Unfortunately, short reads are unable to differentiate between highly similar species. Considering that species from the same genus can be associated with health or disease it is important to identify them at the lowest possible taxonomic rank. Third-generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio SMRT, increase read lengths allowing to sequence the whole gene with the maximum taxonomic resolution. Despite its potential, full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing is not widely used yet. The aim of the current study was to compare the sequencing output and taxonomic annotation performance of the two approaches (Illumina short read sequencing and PacBio long read sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) in different human microbiome samples. DNA from saliva, oral biofilms (subgingival plaque) and faeces of 9 volunteers was isolated. Regions V3-V4 and V1-V9 were amplified and sequenced by Illumina Miseq and by PacBio Sequel II sequencers, respectively. Results: With both platforms, a similar percentage of reads was assigned to the genus level (94.79% and 95.06% respectively) but with PacBio a higher proportion of reads were further assigned to the species level (55.23% vs 74.14%). Regarding overall bacterial composition, samples clustered by niche and not by sequencing platform. In addition, all genera with > 0.1% abundance were detected in both platforms for all types of samples. Although some genera such as Streptococcus tended to be observed at higher frequency in PacBio than in Illumina (20.14% vs 14.12% in saliva, 10.63% vs 6.59% in subgingival plaque biofilm samples) none of the differences were statistically significant when correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions: The results presented in the current manuscript suggest that samples sequenced using Illumina and PacBio are mostly comparable. Considering that PacBio reads were assigned at the species level with higher accuracy than Illumina, our data support the use of PacBio technology for future microbiome studies, although a higher cost is currently required to obtain an equivalent number of reads per sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that if the two‐dimensional rigidity matroid of a graph G $G$ on at least seven vertices is connected, and G $G$ is minimal with respect to this property, then G $G$ has at most 3n−9 $3n-9$ edges. This bound, which is best possible, extends Dirac's bound on the size of minimally 2‐connected graphs to dimension two. The bound also sharpens the general upper bound of Murty for the size of minimally connected matroids in the case when the matroid is a rigidity matroid of a graph. Our proofs rely on ear‐decompositions of connected matroids and on a new lower bound on the size of the largest circuit in a connected rigidity matroid, which may be of independent interest. We use these results to determine the tight upper bound on the number of edges in a minimally redundantly rigid graph in two dimensions. Furthermore, as an application of our proof methods, we give a new proof for Murty's theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies how Illapu, a prominent Chilean New Song band, deals with Mapuche culture and sound. Through the analysis of four songs, I argue that by first incorporating Mapuche instruments and rhythms (1970s), and then adding engaged lyrics dealing with Mapuche history (1980s), and finally engaging with Mapuche listeners and artists (1990s–2000s), Illapu participates in the transformation of the way in which indigeneity is conceived. I assert that the transformation of their creative processes takes place in parallel with the emergence of a public political Mapuche subject distinctly identified as such. By positioning themselves as 'brown' exemplary agents, the members of Illapu get to voice current Mapuche political demands without resorting to supplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Comments on 'The Analyst's Play Box'" discusses the importance of the analyst's play box in the children's office and how it can be complemented with the patient's play box. It is mentioned that in recent decades there have been changes in the theory and technique of child analysis, focusing on the developing psyche. The author proposes that the analyst build their own play box based on their clinical experience. The importance of co-constructing emotional experiences between the analyst and the patient is highlighted, as well as the involvement of parents in the process. The text emphasizes the use of play, drawing, and storytelling in therapy with children. [Extracted from the article]

Since the 1980s, there has been a notable increase in environmental sensitivity, which has decisively contributed to an improved perception of the role of soil in ecosystems. European (and especially Mediterranean) soils have a long tradition of use, which places them among the three Earth soils that have been affected the most by anthropic pressure. The definition of soil quality identifies and recognizes the soil's main functions regarding productivity, environmental quality, and human health. Interpreting the criteria for assessing soil quality requires continuous information on its state. Therefore, certain measurable characteristics and properties of the soil are useful, as they can be affected by processes that impact its quality, and analyzing its variation can reflect or show that impact. The parameters used to measure a soil's state are called indicators. Indicators are useful because they provide summarized and simplified information on the state of a process, but with a meaning that goes beyond an association with an individual parameter. There is an urgent need for consensus among soil scientists and institutions on the concept of soil quality and the applicable environmental quality indicators, as well as establishing interpretative guides for the selected indicators. Soil quality can be analyzed and assessed using several scales with different analysis objectives, information requirements, soil data, implications, and consequences for appropriate soil management. Spanish soil scientists developed a methodological proposal to assess the environmental quality of soil, its environmental impact, and plan and organize land use in the scope of a Mediterranean region. This manuscript is a contribution to the knowledge of the state-of-the-art research in the field of assessing the environmental quality of soils, providing the vision of numerous authors and a methodological proposal for an assessment on a regional scale that may be of interest in other regions or fields of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article takes a tour of the teaching of computer programming, specifically the subject Fundamentals of programming, as a basic subject in Computer Science and other related careers, describing the general problems presented by the teaching-learning process, reflected in low academic performance in many universities around the world. The large number of programming languages that exist today is related to the growing number of tools necessary both for teaching programming and for programming itself. Emphasis is placed on the fact that transformations must be assumed in teaching practices where curricular design plays a fundamental role, as well as different didactics to face the described problems, based on innovations in their fundamental categories. It is proposed to address this issue with a comprehensive and systemic approach aided by the inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, fact-checking journalism has become one of the dominant strategies to tackle disinformation. For these entities to be effective and gain the trust of citizens, it is essential that they carry out their work under the principles of ideological neutrality, especially when they try to verify political discourse. This paper, groundbreaking in the Spanish context, aims to analyze the verification practices and possible partisan biases of political fact-checking in Spain through a specific study applied to Newtral, the main fact-checker specialized in politics in this country. The political verification practices used by this fact-checker since the beginning of its activity (October 2018-October 2022) were analyzed through quantitative content analysis. In a second phase, the same study was replicated, applied only to the discourse of the main national political leaders. The study used inferential statistics (chi-square hypothesis tests, correlational studies, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test). No significant differences were observed between political parties in any of the variables analyzed in the phases of execution and verdict, neither in the general sample nor in the specific sample related to political leaders. However, greater attention is paid to the statements made by politicians belonging to Partido Popular, whose discourse is more checked, which could indicate a certain selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modeling of fleet vehicles as self-interested agents brings a realistic perspective to open fleet transportation research. This feature allows us to model the fleet operation from a non-cooperative point of view. In this work, we study parcel delivery in a city with limited resources (roads and charging stations). We designed and implemented a system composed of a multi-agent planner and a game-theoretic coordination algorithm: a Best-Response Fleet Planner. The system allows for the self-organization of the transportation system by coordinating a fleet of self-interested electric vehicles. The system's operation is optimized together with resource usage while preserving the agents' private interests, allowing each agent to plan its actions. The results show that our system has higher scalability than similar approaches, allowing it to function for a considerable number of agents in settings that feature congestion and conflicts. Additionally, overall solution quality is improved compared to other coordination systems, reducing congestion and avoiding unnecessary waiting times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sociedad Freudiana Psicoanalítica de Colombia This has been an IPA component society since 2007 and currently consists of 11 full members - 8 of whom are training analysts - 9 associate members, 9 candidates expecting to become members and 10 trainees. It would be desirable to have cross-society training in seminars and supervisions, as well as the option to choose to be analysed by a training analyst who belongs to a society other than one's own. Colombian Psychoanalysts and the IPA Throughout history, various Colombian psychoanalysts have played different roles in the IPA. [Extracted from the article]

The conservation of forage as silage allows its application during the dry season in dairy cattle feeding. The most commonly used forage for this purpose is maize (Zea mays L.), but due to the possible effects of climate change, the diversification of crops with shorter agronomic cycles as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) should be considered. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the chemical composition of silages, the productive response of dairy cows fed wheat and maize silage, as well as their feeding costs. Three treatments were evaluated with 9.8 kg DM cow-1 d-1 silage plus 4.6 kg DM cow-1 d-1 commercial concentrate each. Treatments were 100% wheat silage (WS), 50% wheat silage-50% maize silage (WMS), and 100% maize silage (MS). Six Holstein cows were used in groups of three randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a 3x3 Latin square design repeated twice. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments in silage chemical composition, except in NDF and ADF (P > 0.05). There were nonsignificant differences in animal variables (P > 0.05) with mean milk yield of 15.4 kg cow-1 d-1, 33.7 g kg-1 milkfat, 30.5 g kg-1 milk protein, 481.2 kg live weight and 2.1 body condition score. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in silage and total DM intake in the third experimental period (three periods, 14 d each one) with 8.1 and 12.7 kg DM cow-1 d-1, respectively. Although cost for wheat silage were higher than maize silage, all three treatments showed positive margins on feeding costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented pressure globally. To address environmental challenges, systematic and comparative studies on ecosystems are needed, though mostly lacking, especially for rivers. Here, we describe the food web of the Po River (as integrated from the white literature and monitoring data), describe the three river sections using network analysis, and compare our results with the previously compiled Danube River food web. The Po River food web was taxonomically aggregated in five consecutive steps (T1-T5) and it was also analyzed using the regular equivalence (REGE) algorithm to identify structurally similar nodes in the most aggregated T5 model. In total, the two river food webs shared 30 nodes. Two network metrics (normalized degree centrality [nDC]) and normalized betweenness centrality [nBC]) were compared using Mann-Whitney tests in the two rivers. On average, the Po River nodes have larger nDC values than in the Danube, meaning that neighboring connections are better mapped. Regarding nBC, there were no significant differences between the two rivers. Finally, based on both centrality indices, Carassius auratus is the most important node in the Po River food web, whereas phytoplankton and detritus are most important in the Danube River. Using network analysis and comparative methods, it is possible to draw attention to important trophic groups and knowledge gaps, which can guide future research. These simple models for the Po River food web can pave the way for more advanced models, supporting quantitative and predictive—as well as more functional—descriptions of ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel studies are helping to consider minimally invasive surgery for treating patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus. Evidence regarding its feasibility and safety is still sparse and does not include a subclassification for level III thrombi. We aim to compare the safety of laparoscopic vs open surgery in patients with levels I–IIIa thrombus. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional comparative study using single-institutional data on adult patients treated surgically between June 2008 and June 2022. Participants were categorized into open and laparoscopic surgery groups. Primary outcome was difference in the incidence of 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo III–V) between groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in operative time, length of hospital stay, intraoperative blood transfusions, delta hemoglobin level, 30-day minor complications (Clavien–Dindo I–II), estimated overall survival, and progression-free survival between groups. A logistic regression model was performed including adjustment for confounding variables. Results: Overall, 15 patients in the laparoscopic group and 25 patients in the open group were included. Major complications occurred in 24.0% of patients within the open group and 6.7% of patients were treated laparoscopically (p = 0.120). Minor complications arose in 32.0% of patients treated with open surgery and in 13.3% of patients treated in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.162). Although not significant, there was a higher perioperative death rate within open surgery cases. The laparoscopic approach presented a crude odds ratio for major complications of 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.02–2.1, p = 0.191) compared with open surgery. No differences were found between groups regarding oncologic outcomes. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach for patients with venous thrombus levels I–IIIa seems to be as safe as open surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article pursues a two-fold purpose. The first is to identify elements of continuity throughout history in internal armed conflicts where state structures are still in the process of being formed or, if already consolidated, where they have suffered serious deterioration. The second is to present and analyze a case study that has received scant attention in scientific literature on insurgencies, namely, the War of the Alpujarras, which was fought at the beginning of the early modern period and was the last Islamic rebellion in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using deep learning with satellite images enhances our understanding of human development at a granular spatial and temporal level. Most studies have focused on Africa and on a narrow set of asset-based indicators. This article leverages georeferenced village-level census data from across 40% of the population of India to train deep models that predicts 16 indicators of human well-being from Landsat 7 imagery. Based on the principles of transfer learning, the census-based model is used as a feature extractor to train another model that predicts an even larger set of developmental variables—over 90 variables—included in two rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The census-based-feature-extractor model outperforms the current standard in the literature for most of these NFHS variables. Overall, the results show that combining satellite data with Indian Census data unlocks rich information for training deep models that track human development at an unprecedented geographical and temporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Switching to rIX‐FP prophylaxis at dosing intervals of up to 14 days in a hemophilia B pediatric patient decreased treatment burden by reducing the number of administrations and hospital visits, without affecting efficacy or treatment adherence. This is particularly important in contexts of limited mobility and overloaded healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on high-pressure angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data of a natural Zn3.78(2)Cu1.22(2)(CO3)2(OH)6 aurichalcite mineral up to 7.6 GPa and ab initio total energy calculations of the aurichalcite structure with three different Zn-Cu stoichiometries (Zn:Cu ratios = 10:0, 8:2 and 6:4). A monoclinic-to-triclinic displacive second-order phase transition was found experimentally at 3 GPa. The experimental bulk modulus of the initial P21/m aurichalcite is B0 = 66(2) GPa, with a first-pressure derivative of B0′ = 9(2). A comparison with other basic copper and zinc carbonates shows that this B0 value is considerably larger than those of malachite and azurite. This relative incompressibility occurs despite the fact that aurichalcite features a layered structure due to the number of directed hydrogen bonds between carbonate groups and the cation-centered oxygen polyhedra forming complex sheets. The existence of different bond types and polyhedral compressibilities entails a certain anisotropic compression, with axial compressibilities κa0 = 3.79(5)·10−3 GPa−1, κb0 = 5.44(9)·10−3 GPa−1 and κc0 = 4.61(9)·10−3 GPa−1. Additional density-functional theory calculations on the C2/m hydrozincite-type structure with different Zn:Cu compositional ratios shows that the aurichalcite structure is energetically more stable than the hydrozincite one for compositions of Zn:Cu = 10:0, 8:2 and 6:4 at room pressure. The pure Zn aurichalcite phase, however, was predicted to transform into hydrozincite at 18 GPa, which suggests that the experimentally observed hydrozincite structure is a metastable phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optimal location of interurban electric vehicle charging station infrastructure. • Multi-objective genetic algorithm to improve stalls utility and stations coverage. • Experimental results in the USA improve the current infrastructure. In recent years, there has been a strong desire to meet the challenge of electrification of vehicles in order to achieve the decarbonization objective. However, as sales of electric vehicles have increased, there is a significant lack of infrastructure to support the charging of this type of vehicle. The infrastructural deficiencies are even more evident in the interurban environment, where the autonomy in kilometers of the battery is a critical issue. To minimize the substantial economic costs involved in installing sufficient charging points to ensure any interurban journey, it is necessary to establish mechanisms that evaluate appropriate locations to deploy the necessary stations. Accordingly, this paper proposes using an evolutionary approach to calculate the most suitable locations in an interurban environment for electric charging stations. For this purpose, different input information is taken into account in the allocation process. The proposed algorithm has been tested using real data from the USA. The results assess the current infrastructure and show the advantages of the locations proposed by the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient safety is a basic pillar of healthcare. The surgical patient seems to have singularities compared to other hospitalized patients. Objectives: Give the HSOPS questionnaire to the health personnel of various departments of our hospital and compare the responses of the areas of the surgical block (central operating room and surgical ward) against other health care areas evaluated, to obtain descriptive information on the safety environment in our hospital, the ability to detect problems and the notification of adverse events. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Percentages of positive, intermediate, and negative responses to the questions and dimensions of the questionnaire were assessed. Results: 194 questionnaire answers were collected (38.5% completion), of which 94 (48.5%) were nurses. "Staffing" and "Management Support for Patient Safety" were weaknesses in both blocks. "Perception of security" and "Teamwork between units" were weaknesses only in the surgical block. The "Expectations of safety actions by the head of service/supervisor", without being a weakness, were lower in the surgical block. Reporting of adverse events by health personnel is very low. Conclusions: We must continue working on evaluating the safety culture and reporting adverse events to improve care for our patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Edwardsiella genus presents five different pathogenic species: Edwardsiella tarda, E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri. These species cause infections mainly in fish, but they can also infect reptiles, birds or humans. Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these bacteria. For the first time, the chemical structure and genomics of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharides of E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, E. hoshinae and E. ictaluri were studied. The complete gene assignments for all core biosynthesis gene functions were acquired. The structure of core oligosaccharides was investigated by ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum core oligosaccharides show the presence of →3,4)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, two terminal β-D-Glcp, →2,3,7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, →7)-L-glycero-α-D-manno-Hepp, terminal α-D-GlcpN, two →4)-α-D-GalpA, → 3)-α-D-GlcpNAc, terminal β-D-Galp and →5-substituted Kdo. E. hoshinare core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, and instead of terminal β-D-Galp a terminal α-D-GlcpNAc. E. ictaluri core oligosaccharide shows only one terminal β-D-Glcp, one →4)-α-D-GalpA and do not have terminal α-D-GlcpN (see complementary figure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasonic chemo-thermal treatment promoted degradation in PBAT/TPS blends. • Acidic, neutral, and basic media induced different degradation behaviors. • Surface deterioration and disintegration were more relevant in the alkaline medium. • Ultrasound always enhanced degradation, particularly for TPS-rich compositions. • Promoting accelerated abiotic degradation may improve the eventual biodegradation. Blends of poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) are promising materials for sustainable packaging and biodegradable agricultural products. However, biodegradability is sometimes compromised by insufficient polymer chain breakdown when exposed to biodegradation environments. This study aims to explore the consequences of short-time accelerated abiotic degradation processes to induce polymer chain cleavages before eventual biodegradation in a circular economy paradigm. Specifically, the degradation of commercial PBAT/TPS blends was investigated, with varying compositions and incorporating additives as plasticising and compatibility agents. The materials were exposed to different chemo-thermal conditions, including acid, neutral and alkaline pH levels. In addition, ultrasound was considered to boost chemo-thermal degradation. The process was monitored by macroscopic appearance analysis, water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemo-thermal treatment led to surface deterioration, pore and defect generation, and eventual disintegration of the materials. Mass loss due to the release of the hydrophilic fraction, mainly TPS, was demonstrated. Degradation of the PBAT fraction was also proved, given the formation of new carboxyl and carboxylate groups, resulting in critical changes in the crystalline morphology and hydrophilic behaviour. Notably, the alkaline medium promoted the most severe material degradation, accentuated in all cases with ultrasound, mostly for the blend with the greatest TPS content. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted strategies to accelerate the degradation of PBAT/TPS-based materials, particularly in end-of-life scenarios where chemo-thermal pre-treatments could facilitate ulterior biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of institutions in decoupling economic growth from environmental impacts, employing the Varieties of Capitalism framework. It finds that Northern European countries have achieved more significant decoupling than other Western OECD countries since the 1980s, as measured by the Ecological Footprint of Consumption. Differences in corporatism, as well as the amount and type of public social expenditures, are hypothesized to play a crucial role in explaining this pattern. Multiple regression analysis reveals that larger proportions of GDP allocated to universal social expenditures — not contingent on work status — are robustly associated with stronger decoupling. This suggests that the considerable investments of Northern European countries in universal social benefits have been key for effectively reducing the environmental impacts associated with economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma brain injury is a heterogeneous and dynamic entity characterized, whatever its etiology, by a decrease in cerebral perfusion the first hours after the impact. Brain injury due to hypoxia can occur after trauma, so monitoring brain hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, intracranial hypertension and seizure activity must be detected early to prevent brain sequelae. Neuromonitoring will detect those anomalies that could compromise the adequate oxygen supply and substrates of cerebral metabolism. Despite cerebral oximetry monitoring has increased in recent years, unfortunately very limited in our country, neuromonitoring is often based on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure, insufficient to measure cerebral oxygenation. The objective of this review is to integrate the pathophysiology of trauma brain injury with the different neuromonitoring techniques to provide an updated and more individualized management that improves the prognosis of neurocritical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a close listening to women's voices in Chile today. Subverting the assumption that the study of voices leads preferably to the description of individual subjectivities, this article aims to interrogate the collective dimension of vocal sound through the study of the performance A Rapist in Your Path. Its impact on the feminist movement is examined by paying attention to two versions in which vocal sounds articulate specific notions of identity, both of which challenge the conventional ordering of gender. It is the vocal timbre that disrupts this order, allowing us to hear the voices of Mapuche women shouting in their language and extreme metal singers sonically embodying violence. Thus, diverting the attention from the lyrics and movement to the sound itself, the articulation between this denunciation of rape culture and forms of inequality experienced by women in Chile becomes evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile effluents are among the most polluting industrial effluents in the world. Textile finishing processes, especially dyeing, discharge large quantities of waste that is difficult to treat, such as dyes. By recovering this material from the water, in addition to cleaning and the possibility of reusing the water, there is the opportunity to reuse this waste as a raw material for dyeing different textile substrates. One of the lines of reuse is the use of hybrid nanoclays obtained from the adsorption of dyes, which allow dye baths to be made for textile substrates. This study analyses how, through the use of the nanoadsorbent hydrotalcite, dyes classified by their charge as anionic, cationic and non-ionic can be adsorbed and recovered for successful reuse in new dye baths. The obtained hybrids were characterised by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the colour was analysed by spectrophotometer in the UV-VIS range. The dyes made on cotton, polyester and acrylic fabrics are subjected to different colour degradation tests to assess their viability as final products, using reflection spectroscopy to measure the colour attribute before and after the tests, showing results consistent with those of a conventional dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rigid graph G is said to be k -vertex (resp. k -edge) rigid in R d if it remains rigid after the removal of less than k vertices (resp. edges). The definition of k -vertex (resp. k -edge) globally rigid graphs in R d is similar. We study each of these four versions of redundant (global) rigidity and determine the smallest number of edges in a k -vertex (resp. k -edge) rigid (resp. globally rigid) graph on n vertices in R 3 for all positive integers k , except for four special cases, where we provide a close-to-tight bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the understanding of analysts regarding the clinical material of a patient named Mila and questions whether there is a female sexuality with particular characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of differentiating what corresponds to the patient and what the analyst perceives, and criticizes Freud's castration theory as a male reading of female sexuality. It also discusses the development of the Oedipus complex in girls and how problems in early development and the relationship with the mother can affect identification with femininity. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of considering multiple conflicts in the field of psychosexuality. [Extracted from the article]

Accumulation of air and/or liquid in the pleural cavity leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Chest drainage allows the evacuation of the abnormal content of the pleural cavity, with the consequent lung expansion and cardiorespiratory stability. The increased patient-related complexity in hospitals often carries to place chest drainage in clinical practice. Both placement and care must be performed by a highly trained staff. The objective of this review is not to describe pleural pathology, but to demonstrate in a didactic and practical way the basic guidelines for placement and management of chest drainage systems for healthcare professionals to improve workplace safety. Among the greatest advances are the introduction of chest ultrasound and the use of new drainage techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]