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Deals with a study that determined the magnetic phase diagram of crystalline dilute magnets showing spin-glass re-entrance into a quasiferromagnetic phase. Effective percolation limit; Factors that have been determined from the field- and zero-field-cooled measured susceptibilities; Source of the interest in random magnetic anisotropy (RMA) magnets; Ways in which RMA can be achieved.

Abstract: JEM-EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory on Japanese Experiment Module) is an advanced observatory that will be on-board the International Space Station (ISS) and use the Earth׳s atmosphere as a huge calorimeter detector. However, the atmospheric clouds introduce uncertainties in the signals measured by JEM-EUSO. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the atmospheric conditions and properties of the clouds in the Field of View (FoV) of the telescope. The Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS) of JEM-EUSO includes a lidar and an infrared imaging system, IR-Camera, aimed to detect the presence of clouds and to obtain the cloud coverage and cloud top altitude during the observations of the JEM-EUSO main telescope. To define the road-map for the design of the electronics, the detector has been tested extensively with a first prototype. The actual design of the IR-Camera, the test of the prototype, and the outcome of this characterization are presented in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The High Optical Resolution Spectrograph (HORuS) is a new high-resolution echelle spectrograph available on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We report on the first HORuS observations of a transit of the super-Earth planet 55 Cnc e. We investigate the presence of Na  i and Hα in its transmission spectrum and explore the capabilities of HORuS for planetary transmission spectroscopy. Our methodology leads to residuals in the difference spectrum between the in-transit and out-of-transit spectra for the Na  i doublet lines of (3.4 ± 0.4) × 10−4, which sets an upper limit to the detection of line absorption from the planetary atmosphere that is one order of magnitude more stringent that those reported in the literature. We demonstrate that we are able to reach the photon-noise limit in the residual spectra using HORuS to a degree that we would be able to easily detect giant planets with larger atmospheres. In addition, we modelled the structure, chemistry, and transmission spectrum of 55 Cnc e using state-of-the-art open source tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a study which described the magnetic properties of cubic R[subx]Y[sub1-x]Al[sub2] intermetallic random anisotropy magnets. Background to the study; Discussion on field-induced macroscopic anisotropy and rotational hysteresis; Investigation into the violation of cubic law through magnetorestriction.