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This study examined how coparenting and firstborn children's temperament predicted children's cooperative behavior in response to maternal requests for assistance in the care of a 1-month-old infant sibling. Children's cooperative responding was observed during a diaper change session for 216 firstborns (ages 13 to 70 months; M = 32). Parents also completed questionnaires assessing coparenting and children's temperament. Results suggested that coparenting quality moderated the association between children's temperament (i.e., soothability) and children's cooperation as revealed in a Temperament X Cooperative Coparenting X Undermining Coparenting interaction. Specifically, low soothability predicted low levels of children's cooperation in families with high undermining and low cooperative coparenting, over and above the effects of child age, gender, and mothers' education. Findings further our understanding of how temperamental characteristics and coparenting quality conjointly predict individual differences in first-born children's positive adjustment across the transition to siblinghood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research which evaluated the spiro-beta-lactams synthesized from imines. Topics discussed include the pharmaceutical significance of tropane alkaloids, the Staudinger synthesis of compounds with phenoxyacetyl chloride, the initial acylation of imines and use of an electrothermal capillary melting point apparatus to determine the melting points.

A new Rh(I)-catalyzed tandem conjugate addition-Mannich cyclization reaction of imine-substituted electron-deficient alkenes with arylboronic acids has been developed to afford 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. This is the first example involving imine group as a secondary electrophile in Rh(I)-catalyzed tandem reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial severity triage of patients in the emergency department (ED) is implemented differently worldwide, according to the characteristics of each country. However, better classification methods are being studied due to various problems with the current system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of patients' severity assessment in a new way that gives appropriate values to factors that can be obtained in the ED. We collected data from 158,246 patients who visited the ED from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Using the appropriate values of various factors obtained using the Rasch analysis method, the cut-off values for predicting hospitalization and discharge at the ED of patients were determined. Furthermore, using artificial intelligence, the patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the ED were classified and compared with the results of the Rasch analysis. The accuracy of the algorithms was analyzed as a combination of factors that could be obtained during the initial stage of the patient's visits. The area under the curve (AUC) value for the prediction of hospitalization and discharge by a combination of factors immediately obtained from the visit was 0.611. In addition, using the factors that could be obtained after a certain period, the AUC value of hospitalization and discharge prediction was 0.767. The results of analysis using artificial intelligence were similar to or slightly higher than the AUC value of the Rasch analysis. The prediction of hospitalization and discharge in the ED using clinical parameters with Rasch analysis can be used for medical assistance, which is expected to help in the efficient operation of the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims Since the establishment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), multiple studies have characterized its extent and prognosis in comparison with traditional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there has been little information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to these old and new disease categories. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of NAFLD- versus MASLD-related HCC. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved non-B, non-C patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC at Asan Medical Center from January 2008 to December 2019. We compared preoperative characteristics and overall survival between patients meeting the NAFLD and MASLD criteria. Results Among the 233 patients with MASLD (n=207) or NAFLD (n=160), 134 fulfilled both steatotic criteria. Patients with MASLD exhibited a significantly higher incidence of underlying cirrhosis (54.1%) compared to those with NAFLD (26.3%; p<0.05). Otherwise, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (56.5% vs. 43.8%; p<0.05) and hypertension (66.2% vs. 55.0%; p<0.05) was significantly higher in patients with MASLD compared to those with NAFLD. The 5-year overall survival was 82.6% (77.6%–87.9%) for MASLD patients versus 85.0% (79.6%–90.7%) for NAFLD patients, with no significant difference between the groups (log-rank test: p=NS). Among cirrhotic patients, the 5-year overall survival was also comparable at 77.7% (70.3%–85.8%) for MASLD and 81.0% (69.9%–93.7%) for NAFLD (p=NS), and among non-cirrhotic patients, it was 88.4% (82.2%–95.1%) for MASLD and 87.3% (81.5%–93.5%) for NAFLD (p=NS). Conclusion Patients with MASLD-related HCC had significantly higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis compared to those with NAFLD-related HCC, though this did not significantly influence overall survival. Our findings suggest that previous data and experiences on NAFLD-related HCC could be utilized in caring and studying MASLD-related HCC patients, particularly in non-cirrhotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binding of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to its specific cell surface receptor, N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR), triggers different cascades of biochemical events, eventually leading to cellular activation. However, the physiological role of fMLP and FPR during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is unknown. In this study, we attempted to determine whether fMLP regulates differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow. Analysis by quantitative-PCR and flow cytometry showed significantly increased expression of FPR1, but not FPR2 and FPR3, during osteoblastic differentiation. fMLP, a specific ligand of FPR1, promotes osteoblastic commitment and suppresses adipogenic commitment under differentiation conditions. Remarkably, fMLP-stimulated osteogenesis is associated with increased expression of osteogenic markers and mineralization, which were blocked by cyclosporine H, a selective FPR1 antagonist. In addition, fMLP inhibited expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ1, a major regulator of adipocytic differentiation. fMLP-stimulated osteogenic differentiation was mediated via FPR1- phospholipase C/phospholipase D-Ca2+ -calmodulin-dependent kinase II-ERK-CREB signaling pathways. Finally, fMLP promoted bone formation in zebrafish and rabbits, suggesting its physiological relevance in vivo. Collectively, our findings provide novel insight into the functional role of fMLP in bone biology, with important implications for its potential use as a therapeutic agent for treatment of bone-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]