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Objective: Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck region. According to studies, 13.5% of children under 5 years of age were reported to be underweight. When compared with the global data, this ratio was found to be higher in patients with isolated cleft lip, isolated cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of malnutrition in isolated Veau type 1 and type 2 cleft palate in an institutional patient group. Material and Methods: Patients with isolated Veau type 1 and type 2 cleft palate who were operated between November 2019 and February 2022 were included in the study. The age (month), height (centimeters), and weight (kilograms) of the patients were noted one day before the surgery, and Z scores were calculated for malnutrition assessment. Result: A total of 40 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 16.82±2.73 months (7-48 months). Fourteen patients were male whereas 26 patients were female. Malnutrition was not observed in nine patients. Eight patients had chronic mild malnutrition, 5 patients had chronic moderate malnutrition and 13 patients had chronic severe malnutrition. In addition, chronic mild obesity was observed in two patients, chronic moderate obesity was observed in two patients, and chronic severe obesity was observed in one patient. In total, malnutrition was observed in 65% of the patients. Conclusion: One of the most important problems in patients with cleft palate is feeding. Inadequate nutrition predisposes to malnutrition in the preoperative period. To prevent this situation, the patients should be referred for prompt professional nutritionist care and early follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2011, two landslides in which 11 people were killed, occurred in the Çöllolar open pit mine, situated in the Elbistan Basin in eastern Turkey. In the coalfield, a thick sequence of clay (>100 m) overlies karstic limestone bedrock. These are overlain by deposits consisting of a 20–50 m thick lignite sequence and a 20–50 m thick gyttja sequence. The gyttja is in turn overlain by Quaternary deposits. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the geologic factors that led to the instability and on the precise trigger for the failure. Therefore, we focused on the above Plio-Quaternary lacustrine and fluvial sediments and applied geomorphological, sedimentological, and geotechnical analyses. After establishing the geomorphology of the coalfield and the landslides, we analyzed 38 samples from existing drill cores, 10 surface samples, and 35 undisturbed samples from new boreholes. Our results indicate that the February 2011 landslides were caused by the liquefaction of the organic-rich "seekreide" (low plasticity, Ca-rich marls) layers at the transition between gyttja and unconsolidated, fine-grained Quaternary sediments. We inferred that the trigger for the landslides might be related to changes in the groundwater flow dynamics in and around the coalfield, and that the shaking caused by the first landslide might have contributed to triggering the second landslide. In brief, we conclude that the second landslide at the Çöllolar coalfield was a unique example of a landslide that did not have typical rotational, spoon-shaped failure planes and retrogressive progression, as previously proposed. • Liquefaction of freshwater carbonates led to two landslides in 2011 in Turkey. • The second landslide shows a sensitive clay morphology • We discovered highly sensitive freshwater carbonates, which behave like quick clays. • Rearward propagation collapse, i.e. there is no circular sliding plane. • Short term fluctuating groundwater level might have triggered the landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]