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Background: Increased awareness of the factors contributing to the diagnostic disparities seen in bipolar disorder between individuals of different heritage is needed to achieve equity in diagnosis and treatment. One such inequity is the provision of earlier treatment. Earlier treatment of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder may prolong time to recurrence of mood episodes and reduce functional impairment and other poor outcomes associated with disease progression. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to study the efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) in patients with earlier-stage bipolar I disorder (BP-I). Data from a 52-week multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial of AOM 400 versus placebo in patients with BP‑I (NCT01567527) were analyzed. Those patients in the lowest quartiles for age (18–≤32 years; n = 70) or disease duration (0.13–≤4.6 years; n = 67) at baseline were categorized with earlier-stage BP-I. The primary endpoint was time from randomization to recurrence of any mood episode. Other endpoints included proportion of patients with recurrence of any mood episode, and change from baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores. Results: Maintenance treatment with AOM 400 significantly delayed time to recurrence of any mood episode versus placebo in patients aged 18–≤32 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 5.55]; p = 0.0251) or with disease duration 0.13–≤4.6 years (HR: 3.21 [95% CI 1.35, 7.65]; p = 0.005). This was largely driven by a lower proportion of patients in the AOM 400 group with YMRS total score ≥15 or clinical worsening. Changes from baseline in MADRS total score in both earlier-stage groups indicated AOM 400 did not worsen depression versus placebo. The safety profile of AOM 400 was consistent with the original study. Note that the original study included patients who had previously been stabilized on AOM 400 monotherapy, which may have enriched the population with patients who respond to and tolerate AOM 400. Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis, AOM 400 prolonged time to recurrence of any mood episode versus placebo in earlier-stage BP-I. These findings support early initiation of maintenance treatment with AOM 400. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of isolated lignin and utilization of nanotechnology to produce nanolignin as a functional material are paramount. Lignin was extracted from acid-saccharification sugarcane trash (SCT-ASac) to produce acid-saccharification lignin (ASac-lignin). Then, lignin was further processed to nanolignin by a self-assembly dialysis process using THF:ethanol (1:1) as the solvent. The chemical, physical, and thermal properties of the lignin were evaluated, and the nanolignin size was confirmed via morphological analysis and PSA. SCT-ASac treatment prior to lignin isolation affects the structure of SCT and enhances the accessibility of lignin. Furthermore, this pretreatment can reduce residual carbohydrates, increasing the purity value. ASac-lignin has a nonconjugated phenolic group structure with a high number of β-O-4 bonds, a syringyl content, aromatic groups with low thermal stability, and a molecular weight with good phenolic hydroxyl content and total phenolic compounds. The obtained nanolignin is a spherical and more uniform particle with sizes less than 100 nm. ASac-nanolignin has the potential to be an environmentally friendly material in derivative lignin synthesis. [Display omitted] • acid-saccharification treatment of sugarcane trash to improve lignin accessibility. • the higher purity (94.23 %) was ASac-lignin. • ASac-lignin has good chemical traits, low thermal stability, and molecular weight. • nanolignin preparation using THF: Ethanol (1:1) and dialysis process. • ASac-nanolignin has a spherical shape with a particle size below 100 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of psoriasis is mainly driven by the dysregulation of T cells within the skin, marking a primary involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis. Although B cells are integral components of the immune system, their role in the initiation and progression of psoriasis is not as pivotal as that of T cells. The paradox of B cell suggests that, while it is crucial for adaptive immunity, B cells may contribute to the exacerbation of psoriasis. Numerous ideas proposed that there are potential relationships between psoriasis and B cells especially within germinal centers (GCs). Recent research projected that B cells might be triggered by autoantigens which then induced molecular mimicry to alter B cells activity within GC and generate autoantibodies and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, form ectopic GC, and dysregulate the proliferation of keratinocytes. Hence, in this review, we gathered potential evidence indicating the participation of B cells in psoriasis within the context of GC, aiming to enhance our comprehension and advance treatment strategies for psoriasis thus inviting many new researchers to investigate this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExpanded polystyrene (EPS) is a polymer known for its remarkable resistance to degradation. Despite several studies conducted on polymer degradation, there is still limited information about the use of White Rot fungi (WRF) to degrade EPS. Our study aims to explore the potential of WRF, which are known to have several isozymes of laccase, a powerful oxidoreductases that potentially could aid in EPS biodegradation. We evaluated the results based on two parameters: (1) morphological damage observed through gravimetry and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and (2) physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of degraded EPS characterized using Universal Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (UATR-FTIR), Thermogravimetric (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS). Our findings revealed that Phelinus noxius BRB 11 and Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73 were able to resist 10.000 ppm EPS and demonstrated growth rates of 1.86 and 1.22 cm/day, respectively, causing 16 and 1% EPS weight loss after 30 days of incubation. UATR-FTIR analysis showed significant changes in the transmittance value of treated EPS. Phelinus noxius BRB 11 exhibited the highest crystallinity and the lowest styrene percentage area compared to Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73. Based on all parameters in this study, our results suggest that Phelinus noxius BRB 11 has the best potential as a polymer degradation agent, particularly for EPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Medical students are at risk of developing depression due to their demanding workload and high expectations, which can impact their academic performance and cognitive function. To prevent severe complications, students must prioritize resources for mental health support, namely religious coping as a coping mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study is to prove the correlation between depression level and religious coping in medical students in the 2020 Universitas Airlangga Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design, and random sampling was used as a sampling method, totaling 90 subjects. Variables used were religious coping and level of depression. The data was then analyzed, and prevalence, correlation coefficient, and p-value were acquired. The research result would be considered significant if p <0.05. Result: Out of 90 students, 32 people (35.6%) were found to have a PHQ score greater than 10, indicating depression. Severity was found mostly in people with moderate depression, which consisted of 12 people (13.3%). In terms of religious coping, 84 people (93.3%) use positive religious coping, and 6 people (6.7%) use negative religious coping. The level of depression correlates with religious coping with a Pearson correlation of -0.450, which indicates a negative correlation with a p-value less than 0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among medical students in the 2020 Universitas Airlangga class is 35.6%. The level of depression was found to significantly correlate with religious coping, with a negative direction of correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of global civil society actors' efforts at the local level in fostering multistakeholder collaboration, with a specific focus on Earth Hour Malang through Ngalam Petengan agenda. Additionally, the study examines the diverse participation of stakeholders in Ngalam Petengan aimed at addressing environmental challenges. The results show that government entities, businesses, academia, media, and local communities actively engage and cooperate in advancing environmental protection initiatives through Ngalam Petengan. This cooperative engagement correlates with the Pentahelix model, recognized as a developmental collaborative framework. This study contributes significantly to understanding GCS dynamics at the local level and underscores the essential role of the Pentahelix model in addressing global issues. However, specific geographical locations and local actors are the limits of the study. Future research should focus on the broader scale to explore how multistakeholder collaboration responds to global issues, particularly environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: During the COVID-19 epidemic, college students were expected to adjust to varied daily routines, resulting in pressure and bad emotional sensations in each individual. This situation necessitates college students' attempts to better their survival through coping. Religion is one coping mechanism that may be used to help pupils reduce stress. The presence of resilience is another characteristic that can overcome any challenges. Coping is used to deal with stress caused by challenges, and spirituality is regarded as one part of developing excellent resilience. Objectives: Researchers decided to undertake a study to see whether there is a relationship between religious coping and resilience in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga students class of 2020 during a pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional observational analytic study collects primary data using two questionnaire instruments, BRIEF RCOPE and Growth-Focused Resilience. Non-random sampling was used to collect samples from 208 Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University students class of 2020. The Chi-Square Test was used to examine the data using the SPSS version 21 tool. Results: The p-value (sig) was 0.000 (0.05), indicating a significant connection between religious coping characteristics and resilience variables. Religious coping has been shown to be one of the variables affecting and associated with resilience; effective coping will lead to good growth and vice versa. Conclusions: It is possible to infer a substantial association between religious coping and resilience among the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga students class of 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wars of the colonial era in the Malay region, especially in Sumatra, could not be separated from the influence of the jihad campaign of Sheikh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani, a charismatic ulama at that time. This research examines al-Palimbani's Nashihah al-Muslimin wa Tadhkirah al-Mukminin, which contains the call for jihad. Because this manuscript is hundreds of years old and this condition makes it difficult to read, this research uses philological studies using a single script and standard script methods. It means that the manuscript being examined is the only one, and there are no copies. Research shows that the text is a European manuscript type even though it uses Arabic and the cover is identical to the typical style of the Arabian Peninsula. Apart from that, this manuscript also provides information about jihad by containing quotations from verses from the Qur'an and hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad. However, jihad here is understood to be limited to struggle on the physical war. Therefore, the manuscript encloses several dhikrs and prayers during the war. Furthermore, this manuscript was motivated by the colonial occupation of Malay land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most popular technologies of the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) are the most effective paradigms that have played a vital role in transforming the agricultural industry during the pandemic. The convergence of AI and IoT has sparked a recent wave of interest in artificial intelligence of things (AIoT). An IoT system provides data flow to AI techniques for data integration and interpretation as well as for the performance of automatic image analysis and data prediction. The adoption of AIoT technology significantly transforms the traditional agriculture scenario by addressing numerous challenges, including pest management and post-harvest management issues. Although AIoT is an essential driving force for smart agriculture, there are still some barriers that must be overcome. In this paper, a systematic literature review of AIoT is presented to highlight the current progress, its applications, and its advantages. The AIoT concept, from smart devices in IoT systems to the adoption of AI techniques, is discussed. The increasing trend in article publication regarding to AIoT topics is presented based on a database search process. Lastly, the challenges to the adoption of AIoT technology in modern agriculture are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cataracts are opacity that occurs in the lens. Cloudiness or decreased clarity in the lens causes weakness or decreased vision. Some related risk factors that can increase the cause of cataracts are age, gender, occupation, smoking, eye trauma, and diabetes mellitus. This is based on the theory of accumulation of sorbitol which is formed from activation of the polyol pathway in hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cataracts and a history of diabetes mellitus and the characteristics of cataract patients at the Eye Polyclinic of YARSI Hospital for the period 2021-2022. In this study using a quantitative descriptive correlation method which is observational with a cross sectional study approach. A sample of 35 people was obtained through simple random sampling from medical records of cataract patients at the Eye Polyclinic of YARSI Hospital for the period 2021-2022 who met the inclusion criteria. Statistical test using chi-square. The characteristics of the majority of cataract patients aged > 50 years were 27 people (77.1%), senile cataracts were 32 people (91.4%), the immature stage were 20 people (57.1%) and there was no history of diabetes mellitus as many as 28 people (80.00%). The results showed that the chi suare analysis regarding the relationship between cataract classification and cataract history obtained p = 0.547, p > 0.05. In this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between cataracts and diabetes mellitus in the eye polyclinic of YARSI Hospital for the 2021-2022 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of HPV vaccination is relatively expensive in low- to middle-income countries, hindering the introduction of HPV vaccination in these areas, although infection cases are high. In this study we designed a vaccine candidate based on L1 protein from Human Papillomavirus Subtype 45 (HPV45). Explorations of L1 HPV45 sequences from NCBI and Uniprot databases generated a consensus sequence, which was then optimised to improve its antigenicity character, whilst retaining the same epitope sites as observed in the consensus. Characteristics of the designed molecule was assessed, to ascertain its potential immunogenicity and good physicochemical characters. The study showed no major difference between our designed protein and either the Indonesian L1 HPV45 sequence (GenBank: QRG45832.1) (apart from two amino acids, N379 and G383), or the consensus sequence (apart from three amino acids, N81, T329, and H392). These differences do not seem to affect the 3D-structural similarities of the proteins. The designed protein is a non-allergenic, 60 kDa protein, with pI 8.61. It is relatively thermostable, with aliphatic index 75.26. The GRAVY score suggested that the protein is soluble in water. Pichia was selected as the expression host, because, unlike in E. coli, the protein has longer halflife and do not form inclusion bodies in the yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the influence of drug-free pectin hydrogel films on partial-thickness burn wounds using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as the animal model. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the wound healing study, and scalding water was used to produce wounds in the dorsum region of the rats. Two different formulations of pectin hydrogel films, PH 2.5% and PH 5%, were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. MEBO® (moist exposed burn ointment), a commercial herbal formulation was used as a positive control. The progress of the wound healing was observed and compared between untreated normal rats, untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with MEBO®, diabetic rats treated with PH 2.5%, and diabetic rats treated with PH 5%. The results showed that diabetic rats treated with PH 5% healed faster than the untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with PH 2.5%. Interestingly, the diabetic rats treated with PH 5% healed as well as diabetic rats treated with MEBO®, where wounds were healed entirely on day 20. Nevertheless, both PH 2.5% and PH 5% showed a greater zone of inhibition than MEBO® when tested against Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research was to analyze the polymorphisms of SNP g.10428C>T in the SCD gene using PCR-RFLP and its association with meat charactheristics in Bali cattle. The number of 52 Bali cattle from BPTU-HTP Denpasar were used in this study and which were compared to Belgianblue (n=30), Limousine (n=14), Peranakan Ongole (PO) (n=30) and Wagyu (n=7). The polymorphism of the SCD gene was characterized by the use of the PCR-RFLP technique with HinfI enzyme restriction. The characteristics of the meat quality in Bali cattle were estimated using ultrasound imaging method. Genotyphic and allelic frequencies, heterozygosity values, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium have been calculated using PopGen 1.32. The association between genotypes of SNP g.10428C>T SCD gene and meat quality characteristics was calculated using t-test. The results showed that homozygous genotypes (CC and TT) and heterozygous genotypes (CT) of the SCD|HinfI gene with C (0.26) and T (0.74) allele frequencies were and in Bali cattle. The CC genotype was found in Belgian-blue, Limousine, PO, and Wagyu cattle with the allele C frequency of 1.00. The observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.44) higher than expected heterozygosity (He=0.39) showed high diversity in Bali cattle. Genotypes of SNP g.10428C>T SCD gene were associated with backfat thickness, marbling score, and percentage of intramuscular fat. Thus the SNPs g.10428C>T have potential as marker-assisted selection candidates for Bali cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new complexes of europium (III) and erbium (III) were synthesized from diaminodiphenylether bridged spacer in 1:1 molar ratio of ligand and metal salt, whereas the ligand was synthesized in 1:2 molar ratio of diaminodiphenylether and aldehyde. The synthesized complexes were structurally analyzed through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In both synthesized complexes, the metals were found in coordination to nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the azomethine (HC = N) and hydroxyl (–OH) groups as evident by FTIR and NMR spectral results in both synthesized complexes. Molar conductivity data for Eu(III) and Er(III) observed in the range of 129–135.5 Ω−1cm2 mol−1 determined that both complexes were 1:2 electrolytes. The presence of characteristic peaks for Eu, C, O and N was clearly identified in energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, which confirmed its successful synthesis. Furthermore, the luminescence behavior of the complexes was investigated in the solution state with dichloromethane (DCM). Upon excitation at 274 nm, both complexes exhibited two emission bands centered at 379 nm to 399 nm and 519 nm for Eu(III) and Er(III). Consequently, the good emission properties illustrated that the synthesized complexes featured their potential as promising cost-effective luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) are distributed in the tropics, and there are more than 600 species worldwide, Forty-six species were recorded in Indonesia. Nest of the species is generally found in tree holes, rocks, house walls, house wooden, bamboo cavities, and soil. Current research explores the species richness, nesting sites and morphometry of stingless bee species in the forest and settlement areas in Banten province, Indonesia. Road- and purposive sampling methods were used to explore the stingless bee species. Thirty-five body characters of each stingless bee species were measured. Results showed four stingless bee species found were Tetragonula laeviceps, Heterotrigona itama, Lepidotrogona terminata, and Tetragonula sp. The dominant species found was L. terminata in the forest, while T. laeviceps in the settlement areas. The nesting sites of stingless bees in the forests were found in the tree cavities of various plant species with tree diameter range 39.3-87.3 cm. In contrast, the nest of T. laeviceps was found in the tree of Swietenia mahagoni, Lansium parasiticum, and bamboo cavities of houses in the settlement areas. The nest entrances of stingless bees varied, i.e., oval-rounded, tubular with varied diameters, and blackish-brown in color. The internal structure of the nest consists of brood cells, pollen cells, and honey cells. Heterotrigona itama has the largest body size (5.52 mm in length), followed by L. terminata (4.99 mm in length) and T. laeviceps (3.86 mm in length). Thirty-three characters of H. itama were larger than L. terminata and T. laeviceps, except for gena width and malar length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple model for predicting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is presented in this study. The prediction model is presented based on the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model, which has been widely used to describe the epidemic time evolution of infectious diseases. The original version of the Kermack and McKendrick model is used in this study. This included the daily rates of infection spread by infected individuals when these individuals interact with a susceptible population, which is denoted by the parameter b, while the recovery rates to determine the number of recovered individuals is expressed by the parameter g. The parameters estimation of the three-compartment SIR model is determined through using a mathematical sequential reduction process from the logistic growth model equation. As the parameters are the basic characteristics of epidemic time evolution, the model is always tested and applied to the latest actual data of confirmed COVID-19 cases. It seems that this simple model is still reliable enough to describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively with a high degree of correlation between actual data and prediction results. Therefore, it is possible to apply this model to predict cases of COVID-19 in several countries. In addition, the parameter characteristics of the classic SIR model can provide information on how these parameters reflect the efforts by each country to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. This is clearly seen from the changes of the parameters shown by the classic SIR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large number of ethnicity becomes its own uniqueness for Indonesia's diversity. Ethnicity is a tool for individuals to see the world through their respective cultural filters (Matsumoto and Juang, 2004). Matsumoto and Juang (2014) explain that each ethnic has values passed down from generation to generation. The value becomes a reference for every individual in behaving and thinking; and affect the formation of individual self-concept. Self-concept becomes an important component in the formation of individual trait. In other words, the ethnic plays an important role in the formation of individual trait that affects the way individuals think and behave. The individual traits then play an important role in perceiving the world around them, including perceiving the stressor that is the source of psychological distress. In Indonesia, the majority tribe is with a percentage of 40.22% (Na'im & Syaputra, 2010). The Javanese are known as an optimistic tribe, highly appreciate the feelings of others, and have a passion to achieve high ideals but not in a hurry (Sartini, 2009). This shows that the Javanese have high optimism. Based on research Rachmawati (2016), optimism relates negatively to psychological distress. This means that the higher the level of optimism, the lower the level of psychological distress, so it can be concluded that the Javanese people may have a low level of distress. This research is a quantitative research with correlational research design that aims to see the relationship between personality traits and psychological distress on the Javanese Tribe community in Indonesia. A total of 460 Javanese people aged 18-25 years participated in this study. Early adult age was chosen because this age is a transitional age in which suicide is the second leading cause of death in this age range (WHO, 2014), whereas suicide is the most fatal response of psychological distress. In other words, psychological distress is vulnerable to the early adult society who have demands on their developmental tasks. Participants were obtained by convenience sampling technique. The measurement of personality traits was performed using the Big-Five Inventory 44 (BFI-44) measuring instrument developed by John (1990), then adapted by Syafri (2014) into Indonesian. Psychological distress measurements were performed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) gauge developed by Turnip and Hauff (2007) and have been adapted into Bahasa Indonesia. Data retrieval is done online and offline. The data collected is processed through descriptive statistical techniques and pearson partial correlation, and one-way anova. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between the extraversion personality dimension and psychological distress (r = -0.18, p <0.05). This means that the more individuals love to interact with others, cheerful, optimistic, and loving, the lower the level of psychological distress. In addition, there was no significant correlation between psychological distress and conscientiousness personality dimensions (r = -0.089, p> 0.05) and agreeableness (r = 0.077, r> 0.05). This means that high or low levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness in early adult ethnic Javanese communities are not associated with psychological distress. A significantly positive association was found between psychological stress and neurotics (r = 0.506, p <0.01) and openness (r = 0.095, p <0.05). This means that the higher the level of anxiety, the desire to know new things, and the imagination, the higher the level of public distress of the early adult Javanese Tribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the interest in active packaging utilization has increased with population growth, food demand and new consumer trend like food delivery services. This new system, however, requires the use of additives to extend the food product quality and safety as well as in maintaining the shelf-life. This study was to prepare the antimicrobial paper from I. cylindrica coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked cationic to create a system with the ability to actively control microbe growth in the packaging materials. The process involved pulping of I. cylindrica using semi-chemical and soda chemical method. The antimicrobial paper was prepared by printing the pulp suspension in 60 g/m2 grammage in mold followed by the spray of anionic nanocellulose and subsequent soaking of the paper in cationic solution. The results showed the I. cylindrica paper coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked with H+ and Al3+ cations were successfully produced. The paper produced was also observed to have antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative of E. coli and S. typhi as well as Gram-positive of S. aureus and B. subtilis bacteria. Furthermore, the best coating method was found on antimicrobial paper coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked Al3+ as evidenced by smoother and compact surface structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the general overview of stress and its impact on students which viewed from daily life events. Stress is an individual response to the presence of stressor (Mulhall, 1996, in Barnes & Montefuscio, 2011). In the context of students, there are four sources of stress: interpresonal, intrapersonal, academic, and environmental (Ross, Niebling, & Heckert, 2008) and also four aspects of stress effect: physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral (Bressert, 2016). The sample of this research are Faculty of Psychology students, Universitas Indonesia. A total of 67 psychology college students was participated by filling out an open question survey about stressful events and its impacts over the past five days. The results show that most of students have more than one type of stressor and have more than one aspect of stress effect. Most of stressors comes from intrapersonal (29.3%), i.e. financial condition (23%) and responsibility in campus organization (20%). In addition, the results showed that stress had the greatest impact on the physical aspect (32%). The most commonly felt by students is fatigue and weakness (21.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) discovery in the brain tissue demonstrates clearly that vitamin D has a significant role in the development of the brain. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D Total (VITD). Cognitive deficits were measured using Indonesian version of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (ScoRSvI). Results: This study recruited 54 patients from outpatient and inpatient unit of psychiatric. Most of subjects were male as many as 25 (65.8%). Mean age of subjects was 34.84 years. Mean duration of illness was 10.58±7.4 years. There were 17 (45%) subjects experienced serum vitamin D deficiency, and 22 (58%) study subjects had cognitive deficits on the global impression of ScoRSvI assessment by rater. There was a significant negative correlation (p <0.001) between serum vitamin D levels and SCoRSvI values from the impression of global observations, ScoRSvI patients, and ScoRSvI informants. Conclusion: The lower serum vitamin D levels, the higher score of cognitive deficits from SCoRSvI. The higher SCoRSvI score shows the more severe cognitive deficit for patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive three equivalent necessary conditions for a small category to have homological dimension one, generalizing a result of Novikov. As a consequence, any small cancellative category of homological dimension one is embeddable in a groupoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential and the development of Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction in Ende Regency. The data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews with stakeholders, such as the Kelimutu National Park Office, Government Tourism Office, Community, and Visitors. The data was then analyzed descriptively for later determined of its development strategies using SWOT. The results of the study showed that the potential of Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction, besides the uniqueness of the three crater lakes, is also a diversity of flora and fauna, and it was concluded that the appropriate alternative strategy for developing Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction was the S-O strategy (strength and opportunity), they are: creating an integrated tourist package marketing strategy for natural and cultural tourism, using various existing social media to promote the uniqueness of the ever-changing colors of the lake, working with various travel agents to provide special discounts or special services for tourists, and creating special transport routes to Lake Kelimutu from Ende. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This post hoc analysis of a double‐blind (DB), randomized, placebo‐controlled, relapse‐prevention study evaluated the effects of paliperidone palmitate once‐every‐3‐months (PP3M) in a subpopulation of adults with early illness schizophrenia (duration ≤5 years) from a clinical trial. Methods: Patients received either PP3M or placebo every 3 months in the DB phase. The primary efficacy variable was time from randomization to first relapse. Symptom severity, patient functioning, and safety were also assessed. Results: A total of 119 patients who entered the DB phase met the criteria for early illness schizophrenia (PP3M, n = 62; placebo, n = 57). PP3M significantly delayed time to relapse vs placebo (P = .035; hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.08‐8.80). Symptomatic control and patient functioning were maintained in the PP3M group but significantly worsened in the placebo group. There were no unexpected tolerability findings. Conclusions: PP3M reduced relapse risk and maintained symptomatic and functional improvements compared with placebo in patients with early illness schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two diazine Schiff base ligands, HLa and HLb, derived from thiocarbohydrazide and salicylaldehyde derivatives were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis approach. The confirmation of both ligands was elucidated through physiochemical and spectroscopy techniques as well as single X-ray crystallography diffraction. The analyses showed that the ligands synthesized were formed as azine instead of thiocarbohydrazone based on the missing thione, C=S moiety, throughout FTIR and NMR spectrascopic data. This finding was further concluded by X-ray crystal analysis. The biological properties of these ligands were screened using the disc diffusion method. The result shows that HLb shows significant inhibition towards all of the bacteria tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational experts affirm that students prefer various type of learning preference. It is known that the learning style preferences vary among medical students worldwide. Knowing the types will help medical educators to improve their way of conveying lectures and teaching in a more effective learning environment. This study aims to describe the learning style preferences of pre-clinical medical students and the association with their socio-demography. This is a cross sectional study done among Year 1 and Year 2 pre-clinical year medical students in a public university in Kuantan Pahang. Medical students who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited using systematic random sampling. A validated learning style questionnaire (VARK) was used to assess their learning style. Descriptive statistics and bivariable analysis was used using SPSS version 23. A total of 166 pre-clinical year medical students participated in this study. The mean age was 21.3 (0.84). Majority of them were Malays (98.2%) and females (69.9%). Most of the students preferred unimodal learning style (80.0%) with the most preferred learning style preferences being kinaesthetic (39.1%). Bivariable analysis showed female students preferred kinesthetic learning style compared to male students (p=0.03). In this study, majority of the pre-clinical year medical students preferred 'life-like' learning experience in their study. Hence, we recommend that medical educators to be more aware of the varieties of learning style preferences in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a neurological disease whose occurrence increases from year to year and causes disability and death worldwide. Stroke is caused by many factors or multicausal. This was a qualitative study conducted for one year with system design using prototype method. The prototype method began with the identification of needs, mapping, and then inference mechanism. Identification of needs was based on the literature review and discussion. The literature review from 15 sources consisting of journal articles, books and proceedings was done by comparing, contrasting, criticizing, synthesizing and summarizing. Stroke risk factor discussion were carried out with neurologists. The results of the review and literature discussion found identification of factors that cause stroke, which consisted of hypertension, high blood glucose, cholesterol, heart disease, behavioral factors, such as smoking behavior and alcoholism, stress and other causes. The risk factors of stroke were then mapped in the form of mobile application prototype through inference mechanism. The output in this study was early warning systems (E-WARS) prototype for early detection of stroke occurrence. The prototype results were expected to be used in operations into mobile applications that were beneficial to the public, in particular for self-control and personal risk factors for stroke. It was intended for early screening and early detection of the risk of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of using electrostatic atomizer or electrospray in producing fine and encapsulated particle of mefenamic acid (MA) form I with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was demonstrated in this study. Encapsulated MA-βCD with a molar ratio of 1:2 was prepared in water-ethanol suspension, followed by the electrospray process to atomize the droplet into fine dried particles. The working distance (WD) between the electrospray needle tip and the substrate were varied from 15 to 25 cm. The sizes of encapsulated MA-βCD particles were found to decrease from 91 ± 26 to 42 ± 35 nm as the WD increased. The dissolution rate of encapsulated particles of MA-βCD was found to be higher compared to the particles of as-received MA and the unencapsulated MA. The presence of the encapsulated MA-βCD was proven by a thermal analysis with the disappearance of MA peak after the atomization process. The x-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis showed that the encapsulation occurred with the existence of new solid phase that was expected from interaction between MA and βCD and the appearance of C = C. Further analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed the size and morphology of MA-βCD particles when immersed in water and acetone. Encapsulated MA-βCD particles were solubilized in water but suspended as spherical shape in acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (n, k)-star graphs are an important class of interconnection networks that generalize star graphs, which are superior to hypercubes. In this paper, we continue the work begun by Cheng et al. (Graphs Combin 33(1):85–102, 2017) and complete the classification of all the (n, k)-star graphs that are Cayley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of membrane technology is rapidly advancing, such as hydrophilic PVDF membranes, which provide anti‐fouling properties to the membrane. Therefore, this research innovates the development of hydrophilic PVDF membranes by incorporating lignin‐lignosulfonate fillers from OPEFBs in situ. This study successfully prepared hybrid PVDF membranes using the phase inversion method. ATR‐FTIR, XRD, and TGA/DSC analyses confirmed that the addition of 2 % filler promoted the formation of the β‐phase in PVDF, which was more dominant than with the addition of 4 % filler, especially in the PLs2 % membrane. SEM images of the membranes showed an asymmetric structure with finger‐like and sponge‐like pores. Interactive 3D surface imaging demonstrated increased pore potential peaks when lignosulfonate was added compared to lignin. The addition of 4 % filler had a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic repelling effect, increasing the porosity and water absorption of the PL4 % and PLs4 % membranes. Phase inversion membranes were relatively hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 61°, and adding filler reduced the membrane's contact angle by 8°. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that PVDF hybrid membranes with lignin and lignosulfonate fillers have significant potential for development in membrane technology applications that require hydrophilic membranes, such as wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With increasing number of dengue cases in Malaysia, it's of utmost importance that immediate action be taken to limit the epidemic. Since dengue control is a behavioral problem, the knowledge, attitude and practice in population needs to be studied in order to control the disease. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue and its associated factors among adult residents of Felda Sungai Panching Timur (SPT), Kuantan, Pahang, 2014. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out involving 265 adult respondents. A face to face interview questionnaire which was divided into 2 parts (Part A: Sociodemoghraphic; Part B: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression. Results: 53.2% of the respondents had good knowledge about dengue and it was found that the main source of information from mass media (76.6%). However, only 43.4% were found to have good attitude towards dengue. Multiple Logistic Regression analysis showed there was no association between sociodemographic characteristics with the level of knowledge and attitude towards dengue. There was also no association found between knowledge of dengue and the attitude of the respondents towards dengue. Descriptive analysis on the practice of dengue showed majority of the respondents who had possible breeding site for Aedes mosquitos (water container, drains/gutter roof/flower pots/tires) in their compound practiced good habit in preventing the Aedes mosquitoes from breed. Conclusion: Although knowledge and practice towards dengue is good, their attitude require improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world’s economy is highly dependent on oil and gas (O&G) sources. However, O&G development and use can cause negative impacts on the environment and society in terms of, for example, carbon emissions and community displacement. A sustainable O&G supply chain management practices may help to mitigate these problems. Current research on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in the O&G industry context, however, falls short in understanding the external forces that facilitate or hinder its implementation. This paper aims to address this gap by quantitatively assessing the importance of these forces to SSCM practices in the industry. It focuses on six external forces: economic stability, political stability, stakeholder pressure, competition, energy transition and regulations. A survey was conducted among academic experts in the SSCM and O&G field from American and European universities to obtain individual measures of importance. Similar survey was conducted in two national O&G companies from developing countries. We analyzed data gathered using the Best Worst Method (BWM) to identify the collective importance of the forces. The findings from the academic experts and practitioners indicate that economic and political stability are the most important forces; energy transition, on the other hand, is the least important force that could influence SSCM in the O&G industry. Interestingly, while academic experts think that regulatory factor is the second least important external force, it is the third most important factor according to practitioners. Our findings demonstrate the importance of identifying the context of SSCM practices in order to understand how sustainable supply chain strategies can be designed and implemented more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for an off-grid desalination technology and the feasibility of using interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) to address the problem were evaluated within the context of Bungin Island. Bungin Island is a small-island community in Indonesia facing water scarcity. By conducting interviews with households there, we found that households located on the exterior portion of the island faced the greatest challenges to water access. For example, only 17 % of exterior households had piped water access, whereas 67 % central households had piped water access. Similar inequities for exterior households were also found with respect to the cost of getting additional water. Thus, we determined that an off-grid desalination technology is best suited for solving the water access problems for the most vulnerable communities in small islands. ISVG technologies that draw on the radiative energy in sunlight to achieve desalination are promising in increasing water access by offering a floating off-grid devices on water near exterior households, passive operation, low capital investment, and simple maintenance. These findings stress the importance of understanding how contextual factors shape barriers to water access and provide a road map on how to begin incorporating these factors into the development of a more sustainable desalination technology. • Semi-structure interviews were conducted in Bungin Island, Indonesia to understand specific barriers to water access. • Having the fewest piped connections, households on the exterior of island spend the most time and money collecting water. • To address these challenges, a solar desalination device using interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) was proposed. • Features of an ISVG device should include passive operation, no competition for land use, low cost, and simple maintenance. • This work can serve as a road map for how to incorporate contextual factors into sustainable technology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]