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Abstract In the Kopaonik tourist region of Serbia, there are numerous thermal-mineral (TM) springs with an outlet temperature which ranges from 21 to 78.7 °C. The main objective of the study is to determine the capacities, thermal power and energy potential of 19 TM springs in 4 spas of this region. This study supports the hypothesis that in the Kopaonik tourist region, TM springs have considerable capacity, as well as heat power and energy potential. The modern method for determining the energy potential and heat power, based on the flow rate, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the TM springs, was applied in the region with rich geothermal sources, and the obtained results were converted to the fossil fuel energy. The research of the given region, using the above method, is more detailed than the previous research carried out at the national level, so the results are more reliable and suggest that similar research should be carried out at the regional and local level. The estimated total heat energy is 758.51 TJ/year, and heat power (capacity) is 24.1 MWt. The TM springs of this region make up 9.06% of the estimated geothermal energy of Serbia and 7.53% of the estimated heat power. The total energy of this region is equivalent to 210697222.3 kW/h (210.7 GWh) or 18116.7 toe and represent significant energy saving potential. The results indicate the possibility of direct use of energy from TM spring and replacement of fossil fuels, which reduces CO 2 emissions and positively affects the quality of the environment. The use of geothermal energy will reduce heating costs and ensure electricity supply due to the growing need for it. Highlights • This study supports the hypothesis that TM springs located in the Kopaonik region have considerable energy potential. • The main objective of the study is to determine the capacity, heat power and energy potential of 19 TM springs in 4 spas. • The estimated geothermal potential of all TM springs is 24.1 MWt heat power/capacity and 758.51 TJ/year heat energy. • The TM springs of this region make up 9.06% of the estimated geothermal energy of Serbia and 7.53% of the heat power. • The total energy of this region is equivalent to 210.7 GWh or 18116.7 toe, and represents significant saving potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of weather satellite recordings has been growing rapidly over the last three decades. Determining the patterns between meteorological and topographical features is an important scientific job. Cloud cover analysis and properties can be of the utmost significance for potential cloud seeding. Here, the analysis of the cloud properties was conducted by means of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite recordings. The resolution of used data was 1 km2 within the period of 30 years (1989–2019). This research showed moderate changing of cloudiness in the territory of Serbia with a high cloudiness in February, followed by cloudiness in January and November. For the past three decades, May has been the month with the highest cloudiness. The regions in the east and south-west, and particularly in the west, have a high absolute cloudiness, which is connected with the high elevation of the country. By means of long term monitoring, the whole territory of Serbia was analyzed for the first time, in terms of cloudiness. Apart from the statistical and numerical results obtained, this research showed a connection between relief and clouds, especially in the winter season. Linear regression MK (Mann-Kendall test) has proven this theory right, connecting high elevation sides with high absolute cloudiness through the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]