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Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a serious public health issue in various countries in Southeast Asia. Dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes as vectors to humans as hosts. Climate factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) affect the life cycle of mosquitoes, virus replication, and host-vector interaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between climate factors and the incidence rate of DHF in West Jakarta. This research was a quantitative study with an ecological study design. Climate data were collected from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), and several DHF cases were collected from DKI Jakarta Health Office Epidemiology Survey. Correlation tests were performed by using Spearman. The result showed that West Jakarta had a fluctuating incidence rate of DHF from the period 2015-2019 and the incidence rate of DHF was high in the first half of the year (January-June). Temperature had a weak negative correlation (r=-0.023, p=0.864). There were significant correlations between humidity and rainfall with the incidence rate of DHF in West Jakarta, where humidity had a moderate positive correlation (r=0.471, p=0.000) and rainfall had a weak positive correlation (r=0.288, p=0.026). Climatic conditions affected the incidence of DHF as they increased the amount of mosquito breeding sites. These findings support the rationale for application of environmental management to minimize vector spread and reduce host-vector contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jakarta's air pollution has increased every year. Moreover, it has contributed significantly to the incidence of under-five pneumonia. This cases among children in Jakarta in 2018 reached 42,305 with 95.53% case finding. This study analyzes the air pollution and the under-five pneumonia in Jakarta from 2017-2019. It's designed using ecological analysis of time trends and association proximity analysis using Pearson (parametric) and Spearman (non-parametric) correlation tests. Pollutant Standard Index data is collected by calculating the monthly average, while pneumonia data is based on the monthly incidence of under-five pneumonia. We found that pneumonia in five cities is higher at the beginning (January-April) and lower in the middle to the end of the year (May-December). PM10 was statistically significantly associated with pneumonia in all administrative cities (Central Jakarta P=.016; North Jakarta P=.025; West Jakarta P=.005; South Jakarta P=.000; East Jakarta P=.014). Besides, other air pollutant parameters that have an association with the incidence of pneumonia are CO in Central Jakarta (P=.022), O3 in North Jakarta (P=.016), and South Jakarta (P=.001), and East Jakarta (P=.002). The three air pollutant parameters correlated with the incidence of pneumonia briefly are PM10 (P=.000), CO (P=.005), and O3 (P=.000). In conclusion, PM10, CO, and NO2 have been linked to under-five pneumonia in Jakarta. Exposure to air pollution with the incidence of under-five pneumonia occurs due to low immunity. These findings support the rationale that further limiting PM10, CO, and O3 concentrations in Jakarta may be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of under-five pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 40.78 percent of paddy soils in Jombang, East Java Province is contaminated by endosulfan.. Endosulfan insecticide is persistent, bio-accumulative, and extremely toxic for biota particularly fish. This study aims to provide solutions for improving endosulfan contaminated soils using corn cob waste. Agricultural waste of corn cob in the form of biochar has the potency to be utilized as remedial for endosulfan which contaminated soils and as the fertilizer of paddys soils. The research results showed that (1) the field study potentially holds corn cob waste of 13,270 tons per year which is equivalent to 3551.25 tons of biochar, (2) the corn cob biochar has the best characteristic compared to other biochars of agricultural waste, and (3) the application of biochar 400 kg ha-1 combined compost (1:4) can remediate 8.88 ha (126%) of heavy contamination area or remediate 56% of contaminating (>MRLs) and (