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The objective of this article is to understand the teaching practices that promoted self-regulated learning during the remote learning of the COVID-19 pandemic. An inductive qualitative method with a phenomenographic design was used. The sample consisted of thirteen teachers of engineering and basic science at a university in southern Chile. The results reveal deficiencies in teachers' conceptualizations of self-regulated learning; teachers who facilitate and hinder self-regulated learning were identified; and practices that favor the process were reported. The article concludes that teaching practices are insufficient for promoting self-regulated learning among undergraduate students in STEM, and that teachers need to be trained in self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 generated new forms of student-teacher interactions, and it increased the use of virtual educational environments. Electronic messaging is one of the most widely used forms of communication between teachers and students. However, few studies on how teachers provide feedback motivate and encourage students to engage in academic activities in online learning environments. This study aims to characterize messages sent by university teachers to their students with low academic performance during the emergency remote teaching in the COVID-19 pandemic context. The electronic messages were obtained through the snowball sampling technique. The sample consisted of eighteen email threads facilitated by six universities. Ethical requirements for this type of research were met, and discourse or text analysis was used as a methodology with a qualitative approach and hermeneutic orientation. This study shows two main results. First, the necessary data to identify students with low academic performance can be mainly obtained from their teachers and third parties, like university authorities. Second, there are a number of elements to consider when creating messages to improve the engagement of underperforming students. These fundamental elements are: tone of voice, content of the message and moment in which the message is sent. Messages that are explicitly written for each student or group of students and messages that were written with anticipation, showed to be most effective in engaging students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to elaborate and evaluate behavioral psychometrics of a scale for stimulating academic self-concept strategies associated with observable teacher-student interaction behaviors. A total of 819 elementary students from 16 schools with high social vulnerability in the Chilean city of Concepción. The scale was constructed after a theoretical revision, the application of two pilot studies with the students, and an inter-judicial validation. Exploratory analysis results indicate that the final scale, with 15 questions, has a structure of three first-order factors (capacity, work procedures and participation strategies), which explain 66% of the variance, with a factor of second-order with a hierarchical omega of 0.89. This structure is corroborated by a confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity is observed with the school self-esteem subscale of Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both construction and psychometric characteristics of a self-concept scale associated with observable behaviors by students and teacher, useful to guide a pedagogic intervention in the classroom are presented. Method: A total of 1,385 primary school students, aged between 8 and 12 years, from 24 high-social vulnerability schools of the Province of Concepción, Chile, participated in the study. The scale was constructed, including a theoretical review of the construct, pilot application with students and interjudge reliability. For the study of psychometric characteristics, exploratory factorial analysis (EFA), confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), factorial invariance and recurrent validity were performed. Results: A self-report instrument with 22 items shows a threefactor structure, with an explained variance of 44.71% and a high level of fit for the model. CFA in two different samples showed fit indicators for configural invariance. It also has concurrent validity. Conclusions: The scale has good psychometric properties to assess the academic self-concept in the dimensions of Capacity, Work Procedure, and Participation in class. This can be useful to guide an educational intervention in the context of the teacher-student interaction in the classroom, in primary schools with high socio-economic vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning disposition strategies (setting goals, managing time, and organizing resources) are key to self- regulated learning and student performance and so they should be measured as accurately as possible. However, instruments to measure learning strategies are too general to evaluate dispositional strategies. The aim of this study was to design and analyze the psychometric properties of a learning disposition strategy instrument for university students, which was administered to a convenience sample of 630 Chilean university students. An explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The full scale and its four subscales showed adequate internal consistency (α > 0.70), a latent structure that fit the data and weak but statistically significant correlations with student-reported grades. It is concluded that the instrument is reliable and valid for use with higher education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]