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Teacher librarians (TLs) play a central role in developing students' information literacy capabilities, which are vital for effective participation in formal education and active engagement in society. This research enhances insights into information literacy instruction in Australian secondary schools, by investigating the perceptions of practicing TLs regarding the information literacy needs of teachers and students. This article presents the groundwork for this investigation, employing a phenomenological approach and discussing findings from an initial survey. The study will inform TL education and improve current information literacy education practices, addressing the demand for nurturing 21st century skills embedded in the Australian Curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A widely recognized benefit of gut microbiota is that it provides colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. The gut microbiota and their products can protect the host from invading microbes directly via microbe-pathogen interactions and indirectly by host-microbiota interactions, which regulate immune system function. In contrast, enteric pathogens have evolved mechanisms to utilize microbiota-derived metabolites to overcome colonization resistance and increase their pathogenic potential. This review will focus on recent studies of metabolism-mediated mechanisms of colonization resistance and virulence strategies enteric pathogens use to overcome them, along with how induction of inflammation by pathogenic bacteria changes the landscape of the gut and enables alternative metabolic pathways. We will focus on how intestinal pathogens counteract the protective effects of microbiota-derived metabolites to illustrate the growing appreciation of how metabolic factors may serve as crucial virulence determinants and overcome colonization resistance. [Display omitted] Microbial metabolism is a key player in microbiota-pathogen interactions. Jones et al. describe metabolism-mediated mechanisms of colonization resistance, focusing on nutritional competition, metabolite-mediated inhibition, and modulation of host immune responses. Additionally, the authors explore virulence strategies used by enteric pathogens to overcome metabolism-mediated colonization resistance, enabling them to cause disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variable sampling plans incorporating process capability indices (PCIs) have been introduced to adapt to the changing landscape of modern manufacturing, where the occurrence of defective goods has significantly decreased. Skip-lot sampling plans (SkSP) are particularly effective for batches characterized by consistent and high product quality. Additionally, manufacturers with a strong track record of producing high-quality goods or possessing empirical knowledge about their production processes can benefit from resampling. It has been demonstrated that resubmitted sampling plans outperform traditional single sampling plans. In this study, a novel variant of skip-lot sampling, referred to as SkSP-SR, is proposed. SkSP-SR utilizes two reference plans: one for normal inspection (utilizing SSP) and the other for skip inspection (utilizing RSP). The approach also considers the loss of information associated with deviations from the target by incorporating the Taguchi capability index. Compared to traditional sampling plans, the suggested approach not only reduces sample sizes but also enhances discriminating power. Comprehensive tables presenting plan parameters for commonly used quality and risk criteria are provided, enabling practitioners to readily implement the recommended plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gezi Park protests are a milestone for system-challenging collective action practices in Turkey. Now, ten years later, we look back on the protests and their legacy. While the protests started in May 2013 as a response to the Taksim Project, which aimed to remove Gezi Park, they brought together thousands of people, including many who were protesting for the first time, to voice their opposition to then Prime Minister Erdoğan and his policies. Participants were initially held together by their opposition to Erdoğan, but soon overarching identities emerged that increased the connections between groups and created a solidarity that continued, in many cases, for years. In this piece we discuss the events that led up to the Gezi Park protests, the impact on its participants, and the outcome and legacy that they left behind. While the sociopolitical landscape has changed a great deal in the last ten years, the impact of the Gezi Park protests on Turkish society and culture remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global efforts to highlight cancer and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a growing burden were first raised in 2005 World Health Assembly Resolution 58.22 and reinforced with Resolution 70.12 and the Global NCD action plan in 2017. One common thread for addressing cancer burden was the need to articulate cancer priorities within a comprehensive national cancer control plan (NCCP). Since 2012, the International Cancer Control Partnership provided guidance on cancer policy and planning, with the goal that every country should have an implementable plan. The purpose of the global review of NCCPs was to update global knowledge of the status and content of NCCPs. The global review included 16 new questions related to cancer equity, pandemic preparedness, global WHO initiatives, evidence-based recommendations, and other emerging trends. The findings can guide country-level decision makers on improvements to deliver person-centred cancer services to reduce the cancer burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profound landscape modification produced by agriculture is considered one of the main threats to biodiversity worldwide. Although the main ecological impacts are likely due to agricultural expansion into natural areas, changes in crop types and production intensification also induce significant ecological changes. We studied the land cover change process in four agricultural valleys (Lluta, Azapa, Vítor and Camarones) in the Atacama Desert of Chile between 2003 and 2019, divided into four equal periods. Using spatial data and logistic regression, we assessed the driving factors of land cover change. The Azapa valley showed the highest rate of land cover change, reaching 36.4% of netting and greenhouses landscape cover by the end of the study, and 50.4% annual rate of increase during the 2007–2011 period. Intensification was observed as the anti-aphid netting cover expanded mainly in Azapa and in the last four years in Vítor and Lluta valleys. Most land cover change was related to low slopes and elevation or sites closer to roads or surrounded by already cultivated land, like agriculture expansion on barren soil or native shrubland loss. High population density was significantly correlated with land cover change (p < 0.01). If land cover change into netting continues as observed, it is possible that landscape homogenization occurs in the short term in almost all valleys. Anyway, disentangling how landscape change works and the involved drivers, could be useful to understand landscape simplification in arid lands that are under an agricultural intensification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the changing landscape of consanguineous marriages among Germany's ar-Rashidiyya community, originally from Turkey's Mardin province. The study employs ethnographic methods to understand how younger members are questioning entrenched marital norms, influenced by factors like migration, education, familial conflicts, individualism, and health concerns. Challenging misconceptions linking these practices to 'clan crime,' the article delves into the nuanced relationship between cultural tradition and individual agency. It concludes that consanguineous marriages within the community are no longer rigid practices, but are becoming increasingly adaptable due to both internal community dynamics and wider societal influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how heat and humidity—as lived experiences in the summer—were negotiated through an analysis of various sites of coolness and heat, focusing on the period between the American occupation and high economic growth in postwar Tokyo. As the population of Tokyo grew from eight to eleven million between 1955 and 1965 and major infrastructure projects changed the urban landscape, the study shows how coping mechanisms for dealing with the heat and humidity were characterized, on one hand, by heat avoidance strategies that manifested themselves in a search for coolness in nonurban environments, in the home, and in shades created by new urban assemblages. Yet the article also demonstrates that the dictates of employment bore witness to paradoxical heat-inducing practices embodied in the not-so-cool clothes men and women wore, revealing the extent to which social and sexual norms inhibited the realization of individual corporeal coolness. As mechanical cooling made inroads into urban life, a shift from a passive to an active strategy of combating the summer emerged, resulting in inhabitants increasingly choosing not to leave the capital but to stay in it. Despite resistance to artificial coolness at home, where heat avoidance strategies had been largely successful, the article finds that the air conditioner managed to establish itself first in the workplace, and then eventually in the home, as the needs of middle-class urban families living in more western-style apartment blocks made themselves felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood storage lesion induces cytosolic and membrane changes driven in part by hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation reactions within red blood cells (RBCs). A novel gel formulation containing the antioxidant curcuminoids in a biocompatible solvent system was used to deliver curcumin into RBCs. Incubation of peroxide treated RBCs stored in PBS with curcumin gel led to a reduction in prooxidant ferrylHb and recovery in ATP. Curcumin treatment prevented band 3 tyrosine (Y359 and Y21) phosphorylation. RBCs stored in AS-3 solutions for 28, 35, 42 and 49 days, following a single-dose of 100µM curcuminoids at each time points, caused reduction in protein carbonylation and considerable recovery in ATP levels. Proteomic analysis revealed minimal changes in the proteomic landscape in 35 days. However, a downregulation in fibrinogen was observed in the treated samples which may reduce RBC aggregation. Additionally, we used a guinea pig model where the circulation of infused aged RBCs can be extended (approximately 10%) when treated with curcumin gel at the start of storage. Our data therefore provide mechanistic insights and supportive animal data into benefits of treating stored RBCs with a novel curcuminoid formulation based on the biopreservation of RBC membrane integrity, redox balance, and increased longevity in circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) constitutes a large pore channel responsible for the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from apoptotic cells. Strong evidence indicates that caspase-mediated cleavage of the C-terminus promotes the opening of the Panx1 channel by unplugging the pore. However, this simple pore-plugging mechanism alone cannot account for the observation that a Panx1 construct ending before the caspase cleavage site remains closed. Here, we show that a helical region located immediately before the caspase cleavage site, referred to as the "C-terminal activating domain (CAD)", plays a pivotal role in facilitating Panx1 activation. Electrophysiology and mutagenesis studies uncovered that two conserved leucine residues within the CAD play a pivotal role. Cryoelectron microscopy (Cryo-EM) analysis of the construct ending before reaching the CAD demonstrated that the N terminus extends into an intracellular pocket. In contrast, the construct including the CAD revealed that this domain occupies the intracellular pocket, causing the N terminus to flip upward within the pore. Analysis of electrostatic free energy landscape in the closed conformation indicated that the intracellular side of the ion permeation pore may be occupied by anions like ATP, creating an electrostatic barrier for anions attempting to permeate the pore. When the N terminus flips up, it diminishes the positively charged surface, thereby reducing the drive to accumulate anions inside the pore. This dynamic change in the electrostatic landscape likely contributes to the selection of permeant ions. Collectively, these experiments put forth a mechanism in which C-terminal cleavage liberates the CAD, causing the repositioning of the N terminus to promote Panx1 channel opening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over 90% of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may not receive a timely diagnosis. Understanding community-based practice patterns, where most individuals are seen, is critical to improving patient care. Objective: To understand how patients with MCI and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are diagnosed and managed in community-based settings, including the use of clinical and cognitive assessments, referrals to dementia-related specialties, and receipt of treatment. Methods: This observational study recruited community-based primary care physicians (PCPs) (N = 177) and neurologists (N = 147) in August-September 2023, through a verified physician panel with broad geographic representation across the US. Physicians abstracted medical chart data from patients diagnosed with MCI or mild AD within the previous two years. Data collected included use of neurocognitive assessments, biomarker and structural imagine tests, referrals, and treatments. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Medical records for 817 MCI and 467 mild AD patients were abstracted. The mean age was 70.2 years, 56.4% were female, and 67.2% were White. Symptoms were commonly reported by a family member (67.2%). Nearly 1 in 6 patients did not receive any neurocognitive assessments (16.1%), and nearly 1 in 4 did not receive a structural imaging or AD-specific biomarker test (23.7%). AD-specific biomarker tests were more common among patients aged ≥65 (87.1% versus 75.3%; p < 0.05). Less than 1 in 4 patients were referred for cognitive/behavioral concerns. Conclusions: As the diagnostic and treatment landscape changes, education on symptom recognition, and physician training on new technologies may facilitate timely diagnoses and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population rebounds in the western United States, conflicts with humans, including livestock depredation, have also increased. What grizzly bear conflict means, for whom, and what it implies for the viability of conflict‐reduction tools on the ground can vary widely. Multiple perspectives on the causes of—and solutions to—grizzly bear conflict present serious challenges for conservation practice. To better understand perceptions of human conflict with grizzly bears, we used a combination of in‐depth interviews (n = 29) followed by a Q‐sort activity with key stakeholders (n = 21; i.e., ranchers, ranch managers, conservation organization members, agency scientists) in ranching communities in southwest Montana, USA, situated between the 2 largest grizzly bear recovery zones. Stakeholders interpreted conflict with grizzly bears as directly and indirectly connected to broader social changes on the landscape, and these changes influence how they make sense of and act on conflict reduction. Specifically, 3 distinct (but not mutually exclusive) perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict‐reduction tools emerged: 1) that grizzly–livestock conflict is a symptom of the social divide within ranching communities, 2) that conflict can be attributed to governance structures that currently limit the use of potentially effective tools (e.g., hunting, lethal removal), and 3) there are multiple paths for reducing conflict and holistic, ecosystem‐based management is needed. We provide managers with new insights on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict reduction, and hope this work helps increase collaboration among ranchers, managers, and other stakeholders engaged in this complex social and ecological challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions The development of anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibodies has changed the landscape of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The potential for financial conflicts of interest (COIs) for physicians related to these medications is unknown.A cross‐sectional analysis of open payments from industry to physicians working in memory clinics was conducted. The US News Best Hospitals for Neurology and Neurosurgery was used to identify the top 50 ranked hospitals. For each hospital, a google search was performed to identify any affiliated memory clinic. A list of physicians practicing in the memory clinic was identified from public websites. Physician specialty (neurology, geriatrics, psychiatry, or other) was abstracted. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments database was used to search for general industry payments to each physician for the years 2020–2023. Mean and median yearly payments and number of payments were calculated. Payments from all pharmaceutical companies as well as the pharmaceutical companies responsible for lecanemab (Biogen and Eisai) and donanemab (Eli Lilly and Company/Lilly USA) were abstracted.Thirty‐one memory clinics with 244 total physicians were identified; 173 were neurologists, 37 psychiatrists, 30 geriatricians, and 4 other specialists. Mean one‐year payment was $1562 (SD 4021) for neurologists, $974 (SD 5153) for geriatricians, and $460 (SD 1932) for psychiatrists. Forty neurologists (40/173, 23%) received mean yearly payments of ≥$1000, compared with one geriatrician (1/30, 3.3%) and two psychiatrists (2/37, 5.4%). Payments from Biogen, Eisai, and Eli Lilly and Company/Lilly USA comprised 51% of general payments.Most physicians working in a sample of memory clinics received no or low amounts of general payments. Neurologists were more likely to receive general payments from industry. Payments from Biogen, Eisai, and Eli Lilly and Company/Lilly USA were substantial. Future work should evaluate the relationship between industry payments and anti‐amyloid prescribing patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coastal Bangladesh, ‘affective assemblages of kinship’ produce differential abilities for landless single mothers to migrate to brick kilns, the garment industry, and the Gulf. This group of women who return to their natal homes as a response to violence or abandonment is neglected by anthropologists of kinship and migration. Thinking of assemblages of kinship as open‐ended gatherings enables us to move away from fixed genealogical constructs of patrilineal and virilocal households and to theorize how different people may join or leave a kinship assemblage based on the fluctuations of emotional bonds over time. A rapidly changing socioeconomic landscape has contributed towards the unkinning of returning sisters from failed marriages, shifting filial duties, and matrifocal living. Such ‘divorced’ women make new kin through unofficial romantic partners, with whom they may choose to migrate together as a means to exert emotional agency. Thinking through ‘affective assemblages of kinship’ via single mothers reveals the gendered complexities of rural labour migration – of economic and affective‐sexual‐moral considerations – and how it is contingent on social reproductive support. Such an ethnographic corrective towards reductive explanations of climate‐induced migration and the vulnerability of ‘female‐headed households’ shows the importance of anthropology in understanding complex phenomena in a world undergoing rapid socioenvironmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscapes are shaped by tectonic, climatic, and surface processes over geological timescales, but we rarely witness the events of marked landscape change. The moment magnitude 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake in central Japan was caused by a large thrust faulting, up to nearly 10 meters of slip, that expanded more than 150 kilometers along the fault zone. The deformation field reconstructed from satellite data and field surveys reveals up to 4.4 meters of uplift and associated coastal advance along the entire northern coast of the peninsula, meter-scale systematic movement of the mountain slopes consistent with slip on flexural faults, and activation of secondary inland faults, suggesting synchronized ruptures. The findings show excellent consistency between the coseismic deformation and geomorphic features and provide a vivid example of the role of a major earthquake in landscape formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the changing landscape of transnational surrogacy, the industry has introduced flexible business models requiring women to move within and across borders to act as surrogate mothers. However, knowledge about their experiences remain vague, particularly concerning women traveling abroad under illegal conditions. Building upon interviews with Thai surrogate mothers, I demonstrate how their im/mobility reveals critical insights into labor conditions and power relations and is formed within the global reproductive industry as well as the specific national context. I also argue that the women's im/mobility and flexibility are central when making themselves bioavailable for the global surrogacy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extrapolating microevolutionary models does not always provide satisfactory explanations for phenotypic diversification on million-year time scales. For example, short-term evolutionary change is often modelled assuming a fixed adaptive landscape, but macroevolutionary changes are likely to involve changes in the adaptive landscape itself. A better understanding of how the adaptive landscape changes across different time intervals and how these changes cause populations to evolve has the potential to narrow the gap between micro- and macroevolution. Here, we analyze two fossil diatom time series of exceptional quality and resolution covering time intervals of a few hundred thousand years using models that account for different behaviours of the adaptive landscape. We find that one of the lineages evolves on a randomly and continuously changing landscape, whereas the other lineage evolves on a landscape that shows a rapid shift in the position of the adaptive peak of a magnitude that is typically associated with species-level differentiation. This suggests phenotypic evolution beyond generational timescales may be a consequence of both gradual and sudden repositioning of adaptive peaks. Both lineages show rapid and erratic evolutionary change and are constantly readapting towards the optimal trait state, observations that align with evolutionary dynamics commonly observed in contemporary populations. The inferred trait evolution over a span of a few hundred thousand years in these two lineages is, therefore, chimeric in the sense that it combines components of trait evolution typically observed on both short and long timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Insect decline is a global environmental issue. Its causes are not yet fully understood due to the complexity of contributing factors, and a lack of historical data. Here, we investigate a set of 92 potential drivers and their development over the past decades, in connection with a dataset on insect biomass decline in Western Germany over 33 years. Among potential drivers, factors related to landscape structure and land management changes were most significant. Besides increasing urbanization, grassland management intensification, shifts in arable land use towards bioenergy and feed crop cultivation, and dairy farming intensification are among the likely key factors linked to insect decline in the region. Conversely, no obvious links were found to climate and weather, or to crop protection. Our results suggest that land management intensification can be considered an important driver of insect decline in central Europe, rather than land-use change, which is largely restricted to urbanization. Consequently, improved landscape management, including an optimized balance between extensively and intensively managed areas and natural habitats, and conservation of structural landscape diversity could offer solutions to counteract insect decline. Our results will help facilitate more targeted and focused action against insect decline by highlighting likely causative factors. The decline of insects is a global concern, yet identifying the factors behind it remains challenging due to the complexity of potential drivers and underlying processes, and the lack of quantitative historical data on insect populations. This study assesses 92 potential drivers of insect decline in West Germany, where significant declines have been observed. Using data from federal statistical offices and market surveys, the study traces changes in landscape structure and agricultural practices over 33 years. Over the years, the region underwent major landscape changes, including reduced cropland and grassland and increased urbanization and forest areas. Potential detected drivers of insect decline include: (1) urban expansion, reducing insect habitats as urban areas increased by 25%; (2) intensified grassland management; (3) shifts in arable land use towards bioenergy and feed crop cultivation, particularly corn, driven by dairy farming intensification and renewable energy policies. While the toxic load of pesticide application has decreased, land-use changes, most likely driven by market demands and shifts in national and EU policies, have reduced habitat availability and suitability for insects. This study highlights how these landscape and land management changes over the past 33 years align with the observed decline in insect biomass in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining a resilient and sustainable agro-production system is replete with challenges, because management practices designed to enhance productivity can overlook the range of values derived from ecosystems and concerns about their future. Further complicating the decisions being made about agricultural settings is the variation in social-ecological stressors that shape how diverse community members interpret landscape change. We engaged residents of the Kaskaskia River Watershed in Illinois, USA in discussions about agroecosystems through participatory mapping exercises and focus groups. The spatially explicit data that were derived from this process were then modeled in relation to changes in watershed hydrology simulated using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We observed that the four most salient 'values' associated with the watershed were recreation, erosion protection, crop production, and flood control. Erosion, siltation and sedimentation, increased flooding, and invasive species were considered the most relevant 'disvalues' because they represented the social-ecological stressors of greatest concern. Respondents believed that the values from ecosystems were more spatially clustered than disvalues, and the main river corridor was at greater risk of degradation than the associated tributaries despite these second order streams being more biologically diverse. The use of participatory mapping data coupled with SWAT to simulate changes in systemic responses of the watershed provided a social-ecological basis for identifying high and low-priority locations at a regional scale. Our results therefore aim to spatial prioritize and guide evidence-based decisions anchored in the social and ecological complexities of a Midwestern watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mozambican cities face structural challenges resulting from disorganized occupation and a lack of respect for environmental characteristics. This research analyzes the territorial transition of Ndambine 2000 in the city of Xai-Xai, over the period from 2000 to 2022, with a focus on changes in land use and occupation patterns in scenarios of inadequate territorial planning. Consequently, this has led to the consolidation of socio-environmental conflicts, contributing to its unsustainability. This is a mixed-methods study combining bibliographic and documentary review, and it also involved cartography, observation, and interviews as methods. The study included 21 individuals, among them residents and members of the Urbanization Council. Ndambine has undergone a profound territorial transition, with the area expanding over conservationist and agricultural lands, and a shift in administrative classification from neighborhood to administrative post. This situation has been accompanied by increased erosion and uncontrolled waste disposal. Therefore, a multisectoral intervention is needed to address current and future issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wars that ravaged the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century were among the most destructive events in the history of that part of Europe at the time. It is said that from this point on, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth transitioned from a subject to an object state. Through interdisciplinary research involving the analysis of written, cartographic, and paleoecological data, we aim to demonstrate how the exit from this major crisis looked over a nearly 150-year perspective. In this article, we present observations describing economic, social, and demographic transformations, while also focusing on landscape and ecological issues. By analyzing the surroundings of the village of Kazuń (located today in central Poland), we highlight the emergence of a new type of settlement (the so-called olędrzy) in river valleys, which in the 18th century became an important element of a new wave of settlement and restoration. • Examines the transformation of the Medieval and Early Modern environment and landscape using various data. • Analyses the long-term social, economic and landscape changes that resulted from the wars occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries. • Discusses the transformation of the landscape in connection with the new wave of settlement during the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The replacement of grasses by shrubs or bare ground (xerification) is a primary form of landscape change in drylands globally with consequences for ecosystem services. The potential for wild herbivores to trigger or reinforce shrubland states may be underappreciated, however, and comparative analyses across herbivore taxa are sparse. We sought to clarify the relative effects of domestic cattle, native rodents, native lagomorphs, and exotic African oryx (Oryx gazella) on a Chihuahuan Desert grassland undergoing shrub encroachment. We then asked whether drought periods, wet season precipitation, or interspecific grass–shrub competition modified herbivore effects to alter plant cover, species diversity, or community composition. We established a long‐term experiment with hierarchical herbivore exclosure treatments and surveyed plant foliar cover over 25 years. Cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) proliferated, responding primarily to climate, and was unaffected by herbivore treatments. Surprisingly, cattle and African oryx exclusion had only marginal effects on perennial grass cover at their current densities. Native lagomorphs interacted with climate to limit perennial grass cover during wet periods. Native rodents strongly decreased plant diversity, decreased evenness, and altered community composition. Overall, we found no evidence of mammalian herbivores facilitating or inhibiting shrub encroachment, but native small mammals interacting with climate drove dynamics of herbaceous plant communities. Ongoing monitoring will determine whether increased perennial grass cover from exclusion of native lagomorphs and rodents slows the transition to a dense shrubland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many landscapes are on the edge literally, particularly here on the Atlantic Coast of Canada. But landscapes everywhere are on the edge metaphorically: on the edge of change. Tackling the collective challenges we face, and redefining a "good life" in these new circumstances, will likely transform the places and landscapes that we care about. Yet change is hard and it is felt unevenly across space and social strata. We often instinctively feel that the landscapes of the present should dominate the future—an idea I've been calling "climax thinking"—but in many cases, those current landscape settings solve old problems and cause new ones. Drawing on recent empirical Atlantic research about renewable energy and coastal adaptation, this lecture explores some of the cultural shifts required to reimagine our landscapes and to meet the challenges ahead, identifying key roles for geographers along the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Changes in landscape configuration significantly impact ecosystems and the services they provide, including disease regulation for both humans and wildlife. Land use conversion usually favors disturbed‐adapted species, which are often known reservoirs of zoonotic parasites, thereby potentially escalating spillover events (i.e., the transmission of parasites to new hosts, including humans). Here we aimed to investigate how alterations in landscape use and configuration influence the distribution and co‐occurrence of potential hosts of zoonotic and epizootic parasites. Location: Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Time Period: Data collection spanned from 1997 to 2019. Major taxa studied small mammals. Methods: We integrated ecological network metrics and joint distribution models while accounting for phylogenetic relationships and functional traits to answer two main questions: (1) do small mammal species considered central hosts in the transmission of parasites exhibit a higher probability of occurrence in landscapes with reduced native vegetation areas? (2) Do small mammal hosts that share a higher number of parasites have higher co‐occurrence probabilities? Results: Our results demonstrated that species identified as significant hosts in our centrality network analysis displayed an increased probability of occurrence in landscapes that are both more fragmented and have a higher proportion of farming areas, hence fewer native vegetation areas. Regarding the relationship between species co‐occurrence and parasite sharing, our findings indicated that most strong co‐occurrences were prevalent within groups with higher parasite fauna similarity, but not all species sharing parasites had a higher probability of co‐occurring. Conclusions: Here we highlight the effects of landscape conversion on small mammal species, including how different configurations of land use can influence both central and non‐central host occurrences. Besides, our results also indicate that parasite transmission may be overestimated when the co‐occurrence probability of potential host species is not considered. We highly recommend incorporating co‐occurrence data to estimate zoonotic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employer review platforms have changed the recruitment landscape by allowing current and former employees to post messages about an employer outside of direct company control. Therefore, they have emerged as an important form of third‐party employer branding. However, we know little about how such open‐ended comments relate to the key variable in employer reviews: employers' favorability rating. Therefore, we start by situating this variable among other constructs in the employer branding space. Next, we build theory on how content in the open‐ended comments of an employer review relates to the positivity or negativity of the reviews' favorability rating. We test our hypotheses via a text‐mining analysis of approximately half a million employer reviews. The results reveal an intriguing discrepancy. Although instrumental, impersonal, and cognitive content is more prevalent in employer reviews, symbolic, personal, and emotional content dominates employer reviews' favorability rating. In terms of practical implications, this result shows that merely inspecting the frequency of attributes mentioned in employer review text comments as a basis for changing company policies of employer branding efforts might be misguided. We discuss implications for theory and future research, and provide our dictionary for further scholarly and practical use. Practitioners Points: Employer review platforms offer insights into employee perceptions beyond an organization's control.Symbolic, personal, and emotional content, though less frequent, significantly impacts favorability ratings and should be prioritized in branding.Relying solely on attribute frequency in reviews can be misleading.Companies should analyze reviews to uncover key drivers of favorability ratings, improving recruitment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the geomorphological point of view, urbanization changes fluvial systems more drastically than any other single human activity. Its impact on rivers is of interest as it results in serious issues concerning geomorphic instability, ecosystem service reduction, and geo-hydrological risk increase. The present study provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of landscape changes driven by urbanization, which occurred from the mid-19th century to the present day along the lower reaches of the Bisagno and Polcevera rivers and their tributaries in the Mediterranean coastal city of Genova (NW Italy). The bankfull channel morphological adjustments, the minor hydrographic network disappearance, the land use and land cover changes, and the current physical accessibility of river margins were investigated. This work is based on collection and review of historical data, photograph interpretation, GIS analysis, and field surveys. Urbanization essentially occurred between the mid-19th century and the late 1930s. The bankfull channel of the Bisagno and Polcevera rivers experienced large narrowing associated with widespread establishment of channelization structures. The minor hydrographic network essentially disappeared underground. After the 1930s, further minor anthropogenic interventions were implemented to accommodate urban expansion and consolidate channelization works; however, the overall geomorphological setting remained unchanged. The geomorphological evolution of the Bisagno and Polcevera rivers followed three different phases associated with the urban expansion process. Nowadays, the study area is completely urbanized, the fluvial stems flowing through the valley floor are totally disconnected from their adjacent areas, the main rivers show a relevant geomorphological stability induced by anthropogenic pressures, and the accessibility of river margins for people is rather limited. The outcomes from this study represent an essential knowledge base for technicians and policymakers to plan urban development and inform effective and sustainable management measures. Moreover, they provide insights into the medium- and short-term morphological evolution of urban rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phase 1 oncology trials provide access to new therapies and may improve cancer outcomes. Phase 1 trials conducted in the Asian‐Pacific region are increasing at a faster rate than the global trend. This study aimed to describe the changing landscape of phase 1 oncology trials in Australia in the last decade. Methods: This cross‐sectional study reviewed phase 1 oncology trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov conducted in Australia. Phase 1 trials were included for analysis if they enrolled adults with solid organ malignancies, used at least one systemic agent, and were first registered between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. The number of trials, site locations, sponsor type, and drug class were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Over the 10‐year period, ClinicalTrials.gov included 493 phase 1 clinical trials across 71 Australian sites. Most sites were in metropolitan locations; in Melbourne, trials were concentrated within selected sites, while in Sydney, trials were spread across a larger number of sites. The number of phase 1 trials per annum increased from 18 in 2012 to 75 in 2022. Since 2020, emerging biopharmaceutical companies have become the predominant sponsor type, a trend that is also seen globally. While most trial sponsors were North American (42%), there was increasing representation from Asian sponsors over the 10‐year period (6% in 2012 to 39% in 2022). Immunomodulatory (45%) and targeted approaches (44%) accounted for most drug classes used alone or in combination. Conclusions: There are an increasing number of phase 1 trials conducted within Australia. Sponsors of phase 1 trials are increasingly from Asian countries and are more likely to be emerging biopharmaceutical companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape of cancer in the past decade. Amongst various forms of immunotherapy, manipulating the T cell has shown promise in past few years. T cell manipulation can be done by CAR-T cell therapy or bispecific antibodies. These 2 therapeutic modalities have been studied and shown efficacy in hematologic malignancies in relapsed refractory setting. They have not been compared to each other in randomized control trials; hence, the adequate sequencing is not known. Although cross-trial comparison is not ideal, available evidence indicates toward similar efficacy and better tolerability of BiTEs compared to CAR-T cell therapy. Bispecific antibodies, though, have an advantage of being able to be used in an "off the shelf" manner considering these are not MHC specific and can be administered to all patients regardless of HLA type. There has been an explosive growth in the indications for bispecific antibodies in the recent past. In this article, we have reviewed recent approvals, indication and literature regarding efficacy and adverse effects of bispecific antibodies in all available indications. This will be a useful read for clinical practitioners to understand the mechanism of action and place of all available bispecific antibodies in the current oncology landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for evidence syntheses to inform urgent decision-making surged during the pandemic. The challenging circumstances of the pandemic created significant hurdles for both those requesting and creating evidence syntheses, leading to the refinement and adjustment of evidence synthesis practices. This research sought to capture and explore how the field of evidence synthesis evolved and adapted during the pandemic from the perspective of those who produced evidence syntheses in Canada. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were carried out between October 2022 to January 2023. Twenty-two participants from 19 different organizations across seven provinces and one territory were interviewed. This included producers of evidence syntheses from academic institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and provincial and federal government. Data analysis was conducted thematically using a phenomenological approach. Results indicated the evidence synthesis landscape drastically changed during the pandemic including short timelines to produce syntheses and changes in the volume, types, and quality of literature included in them. Due to the changing landscape and different needs of requestors, evidence synthesis methodologies evolved, synthesis products were tailored, and quality assessment tools were adapted. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence, processes for engaging subject matter experts and patient-citizen partners, and the coordination of the evidence synthesis community changed. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding evidence synthesis to inform decision-making, and highlights the importance of flexibility and necessity of continuously evolving methodologies to meet the demands of frequently changing landscapes. The lessons learned from this study can help inform future strategies for improving evidence synthesis practices not only in the face of public health emergencies, but also in everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political parties often adjust their policy agendas in response to changing electoral landscapes, balancing the need to appeal to new voters against the importance of retaining loyal supporters. While these patterns are generally well‐documented in the literature, the specific impact of voter availability on the electoral market remains underexamined. This article investigates how electoral opportunities – i.e., potential to mobilize new voters – and loyalty – i.e., likelihood of retaining current supporters – influence parties' decisions to expand or narrow their policy focus. To analyze this, the study integrates three decades of population data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and European Election Studies with data on parties' issue focus obtained from the Manifesto Project. The analysis shows that parties strategically balance their focus between core and peripheral issues based on the anticipated utility of each approach. This strategy, however, depends on the stability of voter loyalty: expansion into new issues occurs primarily when voter loyalty is robust, although strong opportunities alone can also encourage agenda broadening. These findings contribute to understanding the calculated risks parties take in adjusting their issue attention and highlight why policy adjustments often backfire; namely, when misaligned with voters' availability on the market. This study speaks to the literature on party competition and representation in Europe, illuminating how electoral dynamics shape parties' policy focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia in the last two decades is anticipated to pose significant challenges to the healthcare systems of developing countries including India. Several epidemiological factors in the Asia Pacific region have been explored as risk factors for the development of IBD. In this narrative review, we discuss the evolution of adult-onset and paediatric IBD in South Asia and India, in relation to the current global epidemiology, over the last decade. The focus lies on the changing epidemiological landscape of IBD in Asia which signals a paradigm shift in the disease trajectory of a chronic, relapsing, complex disease. We enumerate the disease burden of IBD in India and Asia, analyse the risk factors for its recent rise in incidence and briefly discuss the unique entity of very early-onset IBD. We also list the locoregional challenges in diagnosis and management along with suggestions to overcome them. We highlight the lacunae in data which warrants further research. The anticipated infrastructural challenges and disease evolution are likely to be similar in most newly industrialized countries across South Asia. A combined effort led by IBD experts in the region to understand the true disease burden is important. A strong collaborative network on research and formulation of preventive strategies relevant to the region will help reduce the burden in the future. Plain language summary: The evolution of inflammatory bowel disease in South-Asia and India over the last decade The rapid rise of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia in the last two decades is expected to pose significant challenges to healthcare systems of developing countries including India. Several risk factors have been investigated for the development of IBD in the Asia Pacific region. In this article, we discuss evolution of adult onset and childhood onset IBD in South Asia and India and compare it to the current global situation. We focus on the changing landscape of IBD in Asia which indicates a dramatic shift in the disease. We list the burden of IBD in India and Asia, analyse the risk factors for its recent rise, and briefly discuss the unique entity of IBD in infants and toddlers. We also list the challenges in diagnosis and management specific to the region, along with suggestions to overcome them. We highlight the gaps in data which need further research. We anticipate that the disease evolution and challenges are likely to be similar in most newly industrialised countries across South Asia. A combined effort led by IBD experts in the region will be necessary to understand the true burden of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic landscape change due to urbanization, agriculture, and resource extraction results in barriers within the landscape. Artificial structures such as roads, fences, levees, and dams limit the movement of some species and further fragment residual habitat. In this study, we investigated the ability of Eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) to cross various terrestrial obstacles commonly encountered throughout their habitat. We tested two types of fences (chicken wire and hinged joint exclusion fencing) commonly used in agricultural systems and three sizes of rocks (gravel, cobbles, and boulders) often used for road construction, erosion control, and waterway stabilization. We examined the success rates of turtles in crossing obstacles, the effect of fatigue on crossing attempts, and the impact of individual boldness on movement behaviour. Turtles had high success rates in crossing gravel (85.4%), cobbles (86%), boulders (73.3%) and hinged joint exclusion fencing (94.7%). Turtles did not successfully cross chicken wire fencing (0%) despite 276 attempts. A significant fatigue effect occurred throughout the experiment, with turtles making an average of 3.94 (±1.42 SE) fewer attempts at the end of the experiment (day 18) than on day 1. Bolder turtles were faster at crossing obstacles, but boldness had no influence on obstacle‐crossing success. Our results highlight the need for thoughtful selection of waterway, wetland, and riparian bordering infrastructure and the fatiguing impact of constant exposure to anthropogenic barriers for wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization has significantly altered landscape environments in both urban and rural regions, and these landscapes have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in human well-being. This study develops a coherent framework that integrates landscape change, landscape ecological indicators, and landscape preferences within the context of the evolving landscape environments of rural communities in Taiwan. Four distinct types of rural communities were selected, and a quantitative methodology was employed to investigate the variations and transformations in landscape preferences among rural residents in the context of landscape change. A qualitative methodology was employed to investigate the relationship between landscape ecological indicators and landscape preferences. The study's findings indicate significant temporal variations in residents' landscape preferences, with landscape beauty, stewardship, and coherence emerging as key determinants in the evaluation of these preferences. Landscape ecological indicators were found to be significantly correlated with variables such as landscape complexity, landscape beauty, openness, naturalness, and comprehensive landscape assessment. The findings of this study indicate that design planners, land managers, and public sector organizations can employ multidimensional thinking in the management of rural landscapes to align with the visual aesthetic preferences of rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damaging hydrological events can profoundly impact societies. This study reconstructs the longest flood history to date for the Orba River Basin (ORB) in northwestern Italy, from 1511 to 2021 CE. Using the Annual Flood Damage Index, we establish a continuous annual hydrological time-series. Our analysis, incorporating a seasonally-weighted function for interannual storm effects, uncovers anthropogenic influences on the ORB's fluvial landscape and flood characteristics. Specifically, a change-point emerged around the end of the Little Ice Age and the subsequent warming period (c. 1816), after which more intense storms prevailed. Remarkably, recent flood peaks align with heightened climate hazards, proving more extreme and unpredictable on a small scale in disaster-prone areas. Additionally, this study acknowledges competitive forcing factors on a larger scale, including landscape changes due to peasant civilisation expansion and 19th-century deforestation. Broader-scale factors, exemplified by the global impact of the 1815 eruption of Tambora in Indonesia, may have influenced the post-1816 climate conditions. These results emphasise the importance of considering both human-induced disturbances and precipitation occurrences in comprehending a territory's environmental history. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment-species relationships can be mediated by functional traits. In this study we investigated how the functional traits of periphytic community respond to environmental variation in streams along a gradient of anthropically modified landscapes in the Brazilian Cerrado. We expect the association of traits with flow gradients, turbidity, productivity, and nutrients directly impacted by changes in land cover around streams. We use the RLQ analysis to test this hypothesis. The first RLQ axis revealed a gradient associated with variation in the local physical and chemical characteristics, nutrients and productivity of the streams, while the second axis was associated with a gradient of impact on land use and nutrients related to the trophic state. The main traits associated with the first axis of RLQ (physical and chemical, and productivity gradient) were life form, substrate adherence, and active mobility, while size, life form, and substrate adhesion were associated with the second axis of RLQ (land use, primary productivity, and orthophosphate gradient). Our results highlight the importance of the trait-environment approach to predict community composition. Furthermore, they suggest that functional traits can be used to predict the responses of periphytic communities to environmental changes at local and landscape scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the profound influence of climatic and tectonic histories on adaptation and speciation is a crucial focus in biology research. While voyages like Humboldt's expedition shaped our understanding of adaptation, the origin of current biodiversity remains unclear – whether it arose in situ or through dispersal from analogous habitats. Situated in the geologically complex Australopacific region, our study focuses on Limbodessus diving beetles (Dytiscidae), a diverse genus distributed from underground aquifers in Western Australia to alpine meadows in New Guinea. Using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, we established a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree, elucidating Limbodessus' origin in the mid-late Miocene, most likely in the Sahul continent (i.e., Australia and New Guinea) and western Pacific archipelagos. Our results provide evidence for parallel colonization and speciation at extreme altitudinal ends, driven by aridification in Australia, influencing subterranean colonization, and in situ diversification of alpine taxa by passive-uplifting of local biota in New Guinea. Furthermore, our findings highlight instances of subterranean speciation in isolated underground aquifers, marked by recurrent independent colonizations of this habitat. This study on Limbodessus diving beetles reveals a mid-late Miocene origin in the Sahul region, with arid-driven subterranean speciation in Australia and alpine diversification in New Guinea through passive uplift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To model distribution ranges, the most popular methods of phylogenetic biogeography divide Earth into a handful of predefined areas. Other methods use explicit geographic ranges, but unfortunately, these methods assume a static Earth, ignoring the effects of plate tectonics and the changes in the landscape. To address this limitation, I propose a method that uses explicit geographic ranges and incorporates a plate motion model and a paleolandscape model directly derived from the models used by geologists in their tectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions. The underlying geographic model is a high-resolution pixelation of a spherical Earth. Biogeographic inference is based on diffusion, approximates the effects of the landscape, uses a time-stratified model to take into account the geographic changes, and directly integrates over all probable histories. By using a simplified stochastic mapping algorithm, it is possible to infer the ancestral locations as well as the distance traveled by the ancestral lineages. For illustration, I applied the method to an empirical phylogeny of the Sapindaceae plants. This example shows that methods based on explicit geographic data, coupled with high-resolution paleogeographic models, can provide detailed reconstructions of the ancestral areas but also include inferences about the probable dispersal paths and diffusion speed across the taxon history. The method is implemented in the program PhyGeo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring rare and endangered species over the long term is challenging due to limited historical data and comparable methods. Climate and landscape changes can significantly impact species distributions, driving some to extinction. The Forest Owlet is an endangered bird considered extinct but rediscovered after 113 years in 1997. Since its rediscovery, followed by the description of its calls, there have been regular recent sightings of the species from newer locations, leading to its downlisting in the IUCN Red List from critically endangered to endangered. In the Dang region in Gujarat, India, there have been no historical records despite previous systematic ornithological studies over three decades, but have multiple sightings over the last few years. Although we now know a little more about the broad association of the species occurrence with habitat and climate variables, a major focus of this study is to estimate the reasons for the "appearance" of the Forest Owlet in Dangs. We revisited locations of past surveys to determine if the species is currently found in the study sites where it was previously unrecorded. We also examine whether new survey methods using playback of its call could enhance its detection. During resurveys, we located the Forest Owlet at new, previously unrecorded locations. Analyses of satellite imagery products revealed significant changes in the broader Dang landscape, including the loss of native forests, increased agriculture, and shifts in mean maximum temperature and rainfall. Our research suggests playback can enhance detection, although its effectiveness varies across landscapes. A detection strategy for long‐term monitoring was developed using different acoustic detectors. An effective detection distance of 300 m within the habitat was achieved using automated recording units (ARUs). Although the species responds to climate and habitat change, the cause of the increased reports of this endangered species remains undetermined. However, we found increased detections using newer survey techniques involving bioacoustics. We recommend using these techniques carefully for future baseline studies, which are urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics underpinning the urban landscape change are primarily driven by social, economic, and environmental issues. Owing to the population's fluctuating needs, a new and dual perspective of urban space emerges. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) of a territory, or the system of technical diligence associated with the anthropocentric world, makes sense in the context of this temporal mismatch between territorial processes and utilitarian apparatus. This creates cerebral connections between several concurrent decision-making systems, leading to numerous perspectives of the same urban environment, often filtered by the people whose interests direct the information flow till the transformability. In contrast to the conventional methodologies of decision analysis, which are employed to facilitate convenient judgments between alternative options, innovative Artificial Intelligence tools are gaining traction as a means of more effectively evaluating and selecting fast-track solutions. The study's goal is to investigate the cross-functional relationships between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and current decision-making support systems, which are increasingly being used to interpret urban growth and development from a multi-dimensional perspective, such as a multi-criteria one. Individuals in charge of administering and governing a territory will gain from artificial intelligence techniques because they will be able to test resilience and responsibility in decision-making circumstances while also responding fast and spontaneously to community requirements. The study evaluates current grading techniques and recommends areas for future upgrades via the lens of the potentials afforded by AI technology to the establishment of digitization pathways for technological advancements in the urban valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of the global human population results in increased use and change of landscapes, with infrastructures like transportation or energy facilities being a particular risk to large carnivores. Environmental impact assessments were established to identify the probable environmental consequences of any new proposed project, find ways to reduce impacts, and provide evidence to inform decision making and mitigation. Portugal has a wolf population of approximately 300 individuals, designated as an endangered species with full legal protection. They occupy the northern mountainous areas of the country which has also been the focus of new human infrastructures over the last 20 years. Consequently, dozens of wolf monitoring programs have been established to evaluate wolf population status, to identify impacts, and to inform appropriate mitigation or compensation measures. We reviewed Portuguese wolf monitoring programs to answer four key questions. Do wolf programs examine adequate biological parameters to meet monitoring objectives? Is the study design suitable for measuring impacts? Are data collection methods and effort sufficient for the stated inference objectives? Do statistical analyses of the data lead to robust conclusions? Overall, we found a mismatch between the stated aims of wolf monitoring and the results reported, and often neither aligns with the existing national wolf monitoring guidelines. Despite the vast effort expended and the diversity of methods used, data analysis makes almost exclusive use of relative indices or summary statistics, with little consideration of the potential biases that arise through the (imperfect) observational process. This makes comparisons of impacts across space and time difficult and is therefore unlikely to contribute to a general understanding of wolf responses to infrastructure‐related disturbance. We recommend the development of standardized monitoring protocols and advocate for the use of statistical methods that account for imperfect detection to guarantee accuracy, reproducibility, and efficacy of the programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐induced extreme intoxication akin to automatism (SIEA) is a complicated and controversial legal concept resistant to jurisdictional consensus. In the United States, SIEA has, at times, been considered under the concept of "settled insanity.". In the United Kingdom, the defense may be allowed for specific intent crimes, though the defendant's awareness of the foreseeability of risk is addressed at trial. In Canada, recent jurisprudence has led to legal and practice landscape changes related to self‐induced extreme intoxication. Here, we provide an overview of automatism and an update on the Canadian perspective with a review of the facts and an analysis of the Supreme Court of Canada's landmark decision in R v. Brown, where the court permitted the SIEA defense to be utilized for general intent crimes and acquitted Matthew Winston Brown, a 26‐year‐old male with no history of mental illness, with respect to two counts of "break and enter" and one count of "aggravated assault." We review the social and legislative response to the changing case law as well as related implications for expert testimony, which may be provided by forensic mental health professionals. Given the judicial and legal implications of the recent changes for both perpetrators and victims of violent crime and given the dynamic international landscape on extreme intoxication in criminal law, the review is thought to be of interest to a broad category of stakeholders including policymakers and those working in forensic psychiatry and law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the complex temporal dynamics of innovation through a longitudinal study encompassing the dramatic 'failure' of South Korea's flagship WiBro (wireless broadband) technology and services to achieve widespread uptake, following their apparently 'successful' development and launch. WiBro emerged in Korea by enrolling diverse actors with diverging orientations around a compelling broad vision and expected national and international markets. Launched in 2006, with buoyant expectations, WiBro failed to establish critical mass in mainstream markets in the face of growing competition from rapidly evolving mobile telephone technologies. Though players committed to WiBro managed to establish some specific niche markets, the service was finally terminated in 2018. This eventual failure was rooted in a sequence of decisions as orientations shifted over the course of WiBro's innovation. Generic and largely untested expectations were initially productive in enrolling a wide range of players in developing WiBro. However, tensions became acute as roll-out approached when the growing investments required to install a novel telecommunications infrastructure and launch WiBro services provoked more stringent assessment of specific options. As the stakes became higher, alignments shifted in a changing sociotechnical landscape; submerged differences in orientation resurfaced and commitments unravelled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, therapeutic options for inherited deficiencies of factor VIII or IX (hemophilia A or B, respectively) have largely been the replacement of the missing clotting factor with plasma-derived or recombinant products. Hemostasis laboratories use standard activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based clotting or chromogenic assays to monitor plasma factor levels to guide therapy. The emergence in the past 10 years of extended half-life replacement products and other novel therapies for hemophilia has led to a reappraisal of assay suitability, with studies of product measurement showing some existing assay types or reagents to be unsuitable for some products. The hemostasis laboratory must adapt to the changing landscape by adding new assays or modifying existing assays to ensure accurate results for product measurement. These strategies include switching from a chromogenic assay to a clotting assay, or vice versa, changing an aPTT reagent brand, or introducing product specific calibrators. This article evaluates the effects of some of the newer treatment options on the laboratory testing of factor levels and related assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) has changed the landscape of gynaecological cytology. A growing demand exists for LBC in diagnostic cytology, particularly for ancillary testing, such as immunocytochemistry and molecular testing. Ancillary testing solely based on conventional preparation (CP) methods remains challenging. Recently, the increased demand for specialist testing and minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasonography fine‐needle aspiration, to obtain cellular samples has led to an increasing demand for ancillary testing on cytology LBC supernatant, slides and cell block (CB). This facilitates the diagnosis and prognosis in cytology samples enabling personalized treatment. An understanding of the history and future prospects of LBC is crucial for its application in routine diagnostics by cytopathologists and cytotechnologists. In this review, we initiated an internet search using the keyword 'liquid‐based cytology', and we conducted a literature review to discuss the usefulness of combined diagnosis of LBC and CP, immunocytochemistry and molecular testing and assessed the quality of nucleic acids in diagnostic LBC. High‐quality and cell‐rich diagnostic LBC surpassed the CP method alone in terms of reliability and versatility of ancillary testing in cytological diagnosis. Conclusively, diagnostic LBC lends itself to various new technologies and is expected to continue evolving with innovations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a notable shift in care responsibilities, transferring them from institutions to families, with a pronounced impact on migrant women in transnational families who navigate both local and transnational care arrangements. This study explored how the pandemic affected women's care arrangements and exacerbated existing inequalities at the intersection of labour, migration, and welfare regimes. Following a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory and ethnography, this study analysed interviews with migrant women, their family members, and experts to understand their experiences with caregiving and transnational family dynamics during the pandemic, the costs and coping strategies related to gendered aspects of care, and the changing landscape of migration and care policies during the pandemic. This study scrutinised the intricate web of local and transnational caregiving structures, emphasising women's agency in negotiating care needs amid pandemic restrictions and constraints on access to formal social protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article wants to set the stage for the rest of the special issue titled 'From resistance to legitimation: The changing role of humour in politics' by providing an overview of some the key concepts, theories and approaches to humour. It begins by considering different concepts of and some of the theoretical approaches to the functions and implications of humour including relief, superiority and incongruity as well as carnival theory and the role of parody. From these ideas, it outlines several functions of using humour in politics which include the raising of public attention and distraction, provocation and isolation from critique, humour as a means of persuasion and anxiety management as well as the use of humour as a means of stabilizing and de-stabilizing hierarchies. Turning to the main contribution of the special issue it outlines the changing relationship of humour in politics from a means of critique of power to a means of legitimation of power. It places the contribution of the special issue in this debate and holds that humour plays an ambiguous role and calls for further research into the dark and unfunny side of humour in politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a more volatile electoral landscape and in many countries also the electoral rise of niche parties, major mainstream parties continue to define the major political alternatives that citizens in Western Europe face when it comes to government alternatives. However, the voluminous literature on party competition in Western Europe mostly takes niche parties as the starting point to understand the consequences of the changing electoral landscape and also to understand the issue strategies of major mainstream parties. These parties should come to the centerstage. They pursue a common competence strategy which leads them to focus particularly on macroeconomics, health care, and education where they can document government competence to large parts of the electorate. This implies an increased overall similarity in their issue profiles. These findings are based on CAP coded party manifestos from seven countries since the early 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. Highintensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet's rapid expansion and the current trends toward automation through intelligent systems have given malevolent software attackers a veritable playground. Numerous gadgets are effortlessly connected to the Internet, and a lot of data is being collected. Consequently, there is a growing concern about malware attacks and security threats. Malware detection has emerged as a research focus. However, there are challenges in the research, such as noise, uncertainty, and ambiguous data. The study proposes a novel framework NSDTL, that achieves state-of-the-art malware detection and classification results to address this changing threat landscape. NSDTL leverages a neutrosophic set and advanced transfer learning techniques. There are three different kinds of images in the neutrosophic domain: True (T) images, Indeterminacy (I) images, and Falsity (F) images, which deal with uncertainty. The MaleVis dataset was used for experiments on multi-class malware classification, and the findings show that NSDTL significantly outperforms current models. This study emphasizes how crucial it is to combine transfer learning with a neutrosophic set at the forefront of the continuous fight against changing cyber threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]