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Rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx has been very rarely described in pediatric population. There are 3 histological subtypes: embryonal, pleomorphic, and alveolar. With regard to the English literature, we present the first case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx ever described in a child. This tumor has been diagnosed on an endoscopic biopsy. Thus, a unilateral arytenoidectomy has been performed. This tumor has a poor prognosis. Lymph node metastases were successfully treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgery has shifted from radical to conservative combined with adjuvant treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed at evaluating the impact of ultrasound‐guided (US) hookwire localization of nonpalpable cervical lymphadenopathy on operating time. Design and Methods: Retrospective case control study (January 2017 and May 2021) of 26 patients with lateral nonpalpable cervical lymphadenopathy undergoing surgery with (H+) and without (H−) per operative US‐guided hook‐wire localization. Operative time (general anesthesiology onset, hookwire placement, end of surgery) and surgery‐related adverse events data were collected. Results: Mean operative time was significantly shorter in H+ group versus H− group (26 ± 16 min vs. 43 ± 22 min) (p = 0.02). Histopathological diagnosis accuracy was 100% versus 94% (H+ vs. H−, p = 0.1). No significant between group difference in surgery‐related adverse events was reported (wound healing, p = 0.162; hematomas, p = 0.498; neoplasms removal failure, p = 1). Conclusion: US‐guided hookwire localization of lateral nonpalpable cervical lymphadenopathy allowed a significant reduction in operative time, comparable histopathological diagnosis accuracy and adverse events compared with H−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of radiomic approach in pre-therapeutic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in a large cohort of patients with gastro-esophageal junction cancer (GEJC). This was a retrospective monocenter study including 97 consecutive patients with GEJC who underwent a pre-therapeutic FDG-PET and were followed up for 3 years. Standard first-order radiomic PET indices including SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV and TLG and 32 textural features (TFs) were calculated using LIFEx software on PET imaging. Prognostic significance of these parameters was assessed in univariate and multivariate analysis. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were respectively chosen as primary and secondary endpoints. An internal validation cohort was used by randomly drawing one-third of included patients. The main characteristics of this cohort were: median age of 65 years [41–88], sex ratio H/F = 83/14, 81.5% of patients with a histopathology of adenocarcinoma and 43.3% with a stage IV disease. The median follow-up was 28.5 months [4.2–108.5]. Seventy-seven (79.4%) patients had locoregional or distant progression or recurrence and 71 (73.2%) died. In univariate analysis, SUVmean, Histogram-Entropy and 2 TFs (GLCM-Homogeneity and GLCM-Energy) were significantly correlated with RFS and OS, as well as 2 others TFs (GLRLM-LRE and GLRLM-GLNU) with OS only. In multivariate analysis, Histogram-Entropy remained an independent prognostic factor of both RFS and OS whereas SUVmean was an independent prognostic factor of OS only. These results were partially confirmed in our internal validation cohort of 33 patients. Our results suggest that radiomic approach reveals independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with GEJC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of radiomic approach in pre-therapeutic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in a large cohort of patients with gastro-esophageal junction cancer (GEJC). This was a retrospective monocenter study including 97 consecutive patients with GEJC who underwent a pre-therapeutic FDG-PET and were followed up for 3 years. Standard first-order radiomic PET indices including SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV and TLG and 32 textural features (TFs) were calculated using LIFEx software on PET imaging. Prognostic significance of these parameters was assessed in univariate and multivariate analysis. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were respectively chosen as primary and secondary endpoints. An internal validation cohort was used by randomly drawing one-third of included patients. The main characteristics of this cohort were: median age of 65 years [41–88], sex ratio H/F = 83/14, 81.5% of patients with a histopathology of adenocarcinoma and 43.3% with a stage IV disease. The median follow-up was 28.5 months [4.2–108.5]. Seventy-seven (79.4%) patients had locoregional or distant progression or recurrence and 71 (73.2%) died. In univariate analysis, SUVmean, Histogram-Entropy and 2 TFs (GLCM-Homogeneity and GLCM-Energy) were significantly correlated with RFS and OS, as well as 2 others TFs (GLRLM-LRE and GLRLM-GLNU) with OS only. In multivariate analysis, Histogram-Entropy remained an independent prognostic factor of both RFS and OS whereas SUVmean was an independent prognostic factor of OS only. These results were partially confirmed in our internal validation cohort of 33 patients. Our results suggest that radiomic approach reveals independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with GEJC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: An abscopal response (AR) is a rare phenomenon defined as a distant response outside of the radiation field. It opens up the perspective of "in situ" vaccination of cancer. This phenomenon is rare and its mechanisms are unknown. In metastatic melanoma (MM), the approach regarding the efficacy of immunotherapy is to not use immunotherapy as a tool for enhancing radiation response but rather as one that needs to be integrated into immunotherapy to potentiate the specific effects of immunotherapy. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of the AR and its impact on therapeutic outcomes in a homogeneous population of patients with MM and a control group, to identify the factors associated with the AR. AR in metastatic melanoma seems highly prognostic of overall survival although it is a rare phenomenon. Factors associated with AR have been identified. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of the abscopal response (AR) in patients with metastatic melanoma requiring palliative radiotherapy (RT). Patients and methods: Patients treated for metastatic melanoma between January 1998 and February 2020 in four oncology departments were screened. Patients with progression under immune checkpoint inhibitors or without ongoing systemic treatment, and requiring palliative RT were considered. The AR was defined as an objective response according to RECIST and/or iRECIST for at least one non-irradiated metastasis at distance (≥10 cm) from the irradiated lesion. Primary endpoint was the rate of AR. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC) of the irradiated lesion, and toxicity as assessed by CTCAE v5. Results: Over the period considered, 118 patients were included and analyzed. Fifteen patients (12.7%) had an AR. With a median follow-up of 7.7 months (range, 0.2–242.2), median OS and PFS after RT were significantly longer in patients with an AR compared to those without: 28 vs. 6.6 months (p < 0.01) and not reached vs. 3.2 months, respectively. No grade ≥2 toxicity was reported. Patients who developed an AR were more likely to be treated with immunotherapy (93.3% vs. 55.9%, p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, they had a higher number of irradiated metastases treated concomitantly (HR = 16.9, p < 0.01) and a higher rate of mild infections during RT (HR = 403.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions: AR in metastatic melanoma seems to be highly prognostic of overall survival, although it is a rare phenomenon. It may be promoted by multiple concomitant treatments with RT and immunotherapy and by acute inflammatory events such as infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radiological assessment of osseointegration of mastoid grafts: biological hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss®) (BHA) versus bioglass S53P4 (Bonalive®) (BG). Methods: Retrospective (10 ± 4 months post-surgery) monocentric high resolution computed tomography (CT) scan assessment (November 2018 and October 2020) by two independent radiologists (R1, R2), blinded to patient allocation. All patients who had undergone a total mastoid obliteration were eligible. Excluded: complications namely otological acute or chronic infections, unbalanced metabolic disease, long-term cortico-steroid therapy, auto-immune disease, history of allergy to grafting materials and post-surgery CT scan in other centers (n = 8). Primary outcomes: the ratio between two regions of interests (ROI) (graft to otic capsule). Secondary outcomes: resorption of mastoid grafts and assessment of clinical tolerance. Results: Included 21 patients (mean age: 29 ± 21 years; 5 females, 16 males). Significantly higher osseointegration for BHA vs. BG (R1 p = 0.043; R2 p = 0.004); almost perfect inter-reader agreement k = 0.922). The ROI ratios for BHA and BG to that of the otic capsule were 0.57 ± 0.11 (R1) and 0.59 ± 0.14 (R2); 0.43 ± 0.11 (R1) and 0.43 ± 0.08 (R2), respectively. Density increased significantly by 399 ± 261 Hounsfield units (HU) (p = 0.008) and decreased by 464 ± 161 HU (p < 0.001) for BHA vs. BG. Resorption rates were 24.1 ± 21.0% and 66.7 ± 15.1% (p = 0.076), respectively. No significant difference in clinical tolerance was observed. Conclusion: Post-operative CT scan of mastoid obliteration seems reliable in assessment of biomaterial graft's mid-term feasibility and stability: BHA seems to provide a more optimal osseointegration versus BG with no significant differences in graft resorption and clinical tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Materials and methods section, under the subheading "Images analysis", "All primary tumors were analyzed using LIFEx software (http://www.lifexsoft.org) on PET imaging. LIFEx: a freeware for radiomic feature calculation in multimodality imaging to accelerate advances in the characterization of tumor heterogeneity I . "now reads: "All primary tumors were analyzed using LIFEx software (http://www.lifexsoft.org) SP 12 sp on PET imaging.". [Extracted from the article]