Search

In this study, we explore the efficacy of fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (F@N-CNT) as a novel surface modifier for lithium titanate (LTO) anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The integration of F@N-CNT enhances the electrochemical properties of LTO anodes by improving electrical conductivity and facilitating lithium-ion diffusion., Electrodes modified with F@N-CNT exhibited significant improvements in capacity retention, achieving 71 % capacity retention over 200 cycles at 2 C and delivering energy capacities up to 162.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, with an impressive high-rate performance of 74.8 mAh g−1 at 30 C. This study demonstrates that F@N-CNT effectively forms a conductive network within the LTO matrix, resulting in superior high-rate performance and stability. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the microstructural changes induced by co-doping and elucidates their impact on the electrochemical performance, providing valuable insights into the design of high-performance anodes for future energy storage applications. This approach not only addresses the current limitations of LTO anodes but also introduces a scalable strategy for enhancing the overall functionality of LIBs. [Display omitted] • Fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes as conductive agent. • Dual-channel conductive system with line-to-point and line-to-line connections • Improved electrical connectivity and increased structural resilience of anode • Significant step forward in Li-ion battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gate voltage application in a Si-based spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (spin MOSFET) modulates spin accumulation voltages, where both electrical conductivity and drift velocity are modified while keeping constant electric current. An unprecedented reduction in the spin accumulation voltages in a Si spin MOSFET under negative gate voltage applications is observed in a high electric bias current regime. To support our claim, the electric bias current dependence of the spin accumulation voltage under the gate voltage applications is investigated in detail and compared with a spin drift diffusion model including the conductance mismatch effect. The drastic decrease in the mobility and spin lifetime in the Si channel is ascribable to the optical phonon emission at the high electric bias current, which consequently reduced the spin accumulation voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate stability of the spin exclusive or (XOR) gate operation in silicon(Si) -based lateral spin devices whose spin transport properties have large variations. The optimum charge current, I0, for the spin XOR gate operation is calculated by using the one dimensional spin-drift-diffusion model with variable spin polarization, interface resistance of the ferromagnetic contact, channel length and channel conductivity. I0 is strongly modulated by changing the spin transport parameters particularly under the condition with small spin polarization and short channel length. In contrast, I0 shows constant value irrespective of the interface resistance of one ferromagnetic contact under spin extraction condition. Our results provide a device design guideline for the robust spin XOR gate operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Carbon-fiber-based supercapacitors with micro-meso porous carbon fibers electrodes. • Increase in the number of electrochemically active sites by dehydrogenation of polymer. • Reversible faradaic reactions involving redox mediators. • Redox reactions comprising VO2+/VO 2 + with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. • Additional pseudo-capacitive contribution from reversible faradaic redox reactions. Carbon-fiber-based supercapacitors (CFS) are emerging as a prospective option for innovative wearable energy storage devices by reason of their safety, environmental compatibility, and high power density. However, the limited practical application of CFS is attributed to its poor energy storage performance, which is caused by the carbon fiber electrode's limited specific surface area and low wetting ability. To address this, this study developed a CFS with micro-meso porous carbon fibers electrodes and a redox additive electrolyte (CFS-MMRE). The CFS-MMRE showed exceptional energy storage capaability, high specific capacitance of 876 mF cm−2 at 70 μA cm−2, respectively, cycling stability over 5,000 cycles with 70 % capacitance retention at 400 μA cm−2. Moreover, CFS-MMRE possesses mechanical pliability, high achievability, and remarkable energy storage performance, which make them a viable choice for wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bicycles are an eco-friendly mode of transportation, and in the capital city of South Korea, Seoul, efforts are being made to encourage citizens to use bicycles. However, without appropriate safety measures, these efforts can lead to an increase in bicycle-related traffic accidents. To promote bicycle usage while ensuring safety, this study identified various factors that influence bicycle accidents. Data were utilized that had not been properly considered in previous bicycle accident-related studies, including slope and the level of public transportation services. By considering the factors influencing bicycle traffic accidents, various models were constructed, and through comparisons of statistical indicators, the optimal model was selected geographically weighted negative binomial regression. Ultimately, three significant conclusions to ensure bicycle safety were drawn. First, across all areas of Seoul, an increase in road slope leads to a decrease in bicycle-related accidents. Furthermore, for certain Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs), as the number of local buses (or neighborhood/community buses) increases, the bicycle traffic volume decreases, resulting in a reduction in bicycle accidents. Lastly, for some TAZs, an increase in bicycle lanes to be installed into the roadway was associated with an increase in bicycle accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) system, spin–orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization switching shows promise in terms of high speed and stability, but additional in-plane directional symmetry breaking is necessary to achieve deterministic switching. Here, we observed all-electric magnetization switching by SOT in a conventional heavy metal/ferromagnetic structure deposited on a 3.25° miscut sapphire substrate. To better understand the origin of field-free switching, we conducted azimuthal angle-dependent PMA analysis and found that the magnetic anisotropy is slightly tilted in the direction of the miscut step. Despite a few degrees of tilting angle (<3°), we also confirmed that a slant PMA is the origin of the field-free switching by micromagnetic simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We consider zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to analyze discrete count data containing a considerable amount of zero observations. Analysis of current data could be empirically feasible if we utilize similar data based on previous studies. proposed the power prior to incorporate certain information from the historical data available from previous studies. The power prior is constructed by raising the likelihood function of the historical data to the power where . The power prior is a useful informative prior in Bayesian inference. We estimate regression coefficients associated with several safety countermeasures. We use Markov chain and Monte Carlo techniques to execute some computations. The empirical results show that the zero-inflated models with the power prior perform better than the frequentist approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) is generally affected by the standard electrode potential and the solubility of the redox active species. These crucial factors are closely related to the solvent in which the active materials are dissolved. Aqueous RFBs have been widely studied due to their excellent reaction kinetics and high solubility of the redox couple in aqueous media. However, the low voltage of conventional aqueous RFBs has hindered them from being candidates for practical applications. Recently, high‐voltage aqueous RFBs are implemented based on the low negative potential of the Zn/[Zn(OH)4]2− reaction in an alkaline solution. Here, we review recent progress in the design of high energy density RFBs in both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes, notably focusing on the Zn/MnO2 hybrid RFBs in detail. Furthermore, strategies for inhibiting zinc dendritic growth and stabilizing manganese redox couple in the RFBs system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For deterministic magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque (SOT) in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy system, an additional in-plane direction magnetic field is essential to break the lateral symmetry. Realizing chirality in a magnetic ordering system can be one approach for achieving asymmetry in the lateral direction for field-free magnetization switching. However, systematic analysis of the influence of the chiral spin system on deterministic switching is still scarce. We investigate the field-free SOT-induced magnetization switching by using a chiral spin configuration experimentally and theoretically with micromagnetic simulations. We designed a system in which only part of the ferromagnetic layer overlaps with the heavy metal layer in the Pt/Co/MgO structure. Therefore, a spin current exerts only on a local area of the ferromagnetic layer, which results in a Néel-type chiral spin configuration. The induced chiral spin configuration can be stabilized (or destabilized) depending on the sign of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and the direction of the current. The stabilized spin configuration plays a crucial role in the deterministic switching in the zero field. We expect our findings to widen the perspective on chirality-based all-electrical SOT device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road lane reduction with the addition of roadway countermeasures (also known as a 'road diet') is a transportation planning treatment to achieve systemic traffic improvements. Although lane reductions are expected to increase traffic safety overall, the impacts may vary by different roadway characteristics among sites and by crash types. The main objective of the study reported in this paper was to identify the effectiveness of lane reductions considering various factors including roadway characteristics through estimating crash modification factors (CMFs) for different crash types. The study first evaluated the CMFs for lane-reduction cases to check the overall safety effects using the observational before and after comparison group method. Second, the variation of CMFs due to different roadway characteristic factors was identified. Ultimately, the CMFs were developed for different crash types and severities. The results of the estimated CMFs indicated that lane reductions decreased crash frequency in general. From the CMFs with different traffic volume ranges, it was found that lane reductions have higher safety impacts to reduce total and injury crashes when there are fewer vehicles on roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, is being widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) with wild‐type (WT) KRAS. However, its responsiveness is still very limited and WT KRAS is not enough to indicate such responsiveness. Here, by analyzing the gene expression data of CRC patients treated with CTX monotherapy, we have identified DUSP4, ETV5, GNB5, NT5E, and PHLDA1 as potential targets to overcome CTX resistance. We found that knockdown of any of these five genes can increase CTX sensitivity in KRAS WT cells. Interestingly, we further found that GNB5 knockdown can increase CTX sensitivity even for KRAS mutant cells. We unraveled that GNB5 overexpression contributes to CTX resistance by modulating the Akt signaling pathway from experiments and mathematical simulation. Overall, these results indicate that GNB5 might be a promising target for combination therapy with CTX irrespective of KRAS mutation. From gene expression data analysis and mathematical modeling combined with cell experiments, we found that DUSP4, ETV5, GNB5, NT5E, and PHLDA1 expressions are correlated with cetuximab (CTX) resistance. In particular, we discovered that inhibition of GNB5 can overcome CTX resistance irrespective of KRAS mutation. We further revealed that GNB5 can regulate CTX resistance by dominantly modulating Akt signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly coordinated changes in gene expression underlie T cell activation and exhaustion. However, the mechanisms by which such programs are regulated and how these may be targeted for therapeutic benefit remain poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively profile the genomic occupancy of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes throughout acute and chronic T cell stimulation, finding that stepwise changes in localization over transcription factor binding sites direct site-specific chromatin accessibility and gene activation leading to distinct phenotypes. Notably, perturbation of mSWI/SNF complexes using genetic and clinically relevant chemical strategies enhances the persistence of T cells with attenuated exhaustion hallmarks and increased memory features in vitro and in vivo. Finally, pharmacologic mSWI/SNF inhibition improves CAR-T expansion and results in improved anti-tumor control in vivo. These findings reveal the central role of mSWI/SNF complexes in the coordination of T cell activation and exhaustion and nominate small-molecule-based strategies for the improvement of current immunotherapy protocols. [Display omitted] • mSWI/SNF targeting and activity is specific to T cell activation and exhaustion states • Genetic and chemical disruption of cBAF complexes enhances T cell persistence • cBAF complex activities facilitate T cell exhaustion and prevent memory features • mSWI/SNF pharmacologic disruption improves CAR-T expansion and anti-tumor control mSWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes direct chromatin accessibility and gene expression during T cell activation and exhaustion. Targeting mSWI/SNF complexes with clinically relevant small-molecule inhibitors and degraders attenuates T cell exhaustion and increases T cell persistence and anti-tumor activity in cell culture systems and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]