Search

This study investigates the structure and electronic properties of the A‐center in Si1−xGex alloys (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1), using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional. It is found that the most stable structures form SiOSi bonds, with the other two atoms surrounding the A‐center being Ge atoms, which form a long bond between them. The behavior of the O atoms is significantly influenced by the Ge content. As it increases, the position of the O atom shifts relative to the surrounding atoms, thereby affecting the bond lengths and angles. The formation energy of the A‐center first decreases with increasing Ge content up to 0.75, which enhances the defect production; however, then it decreases from 0.75 to 1, thus suppressing defect production. The calculations are consistent with the experimental data, showing that the distance of the defect level from the conduction band minimum increases with Ge content, supporting the observed enthalpy changes in electron ionization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional computer with von Neumann architecture has the characteristics of separate storage and computing units, which leads to sizeable time and energy consumption in the process of data transmission, which is also the famous "von Neumann storage wall" problem. Inspired by neural synapses, neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising solution to address the von Neumann problem due to its excellent adaptive learning and parallel capabilities. Notably, in 2016, researchers integrated light into neuromorphic computing, which inspired the extensive exploration of optoelectronic and all-optical synaptic devices. These optical synaptic devices offer obvious advantages over traditional all-electric synaptic devices, including a wider bandwidth and lower latency. This review provides an overview of the research background on optoelectronic and all-optical devices, discusses their implementation principles in different scenarios, presents their application scenarios, and concludes with prospects for future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the efficiency of multi-material additive manufacturing and enhance the safety of multi-robot cooperative printing with uncertain execution delays, a dual-robot cooperative path planning method is proposed for layer-by-layer printing. In the proposed algorithm, the description of the printing region is reconstructed by simply using the rectangular envelope region and a two-dimensional directed line segment. The adjacency list of the printing region is established to guide the optimization direction. Therefore, redundant information about the printing region is effectively removed, which is conducive to the optimization of the problem. A multi-round cooperation strategy with multiple synchronous starting points is proposed to accommodate uncertain execution delays by separating the space of the dual-robot printing area, so as to avoid the potential collision risk of dual-robot. To further optimize the printing efficiency, local strategies are used to reduce the makespan. Hence, a better printing order can be obtained, and states of cooperative and non-cooperative printing can be unified. In addition, the corresponding NC control strategy is designed for the industrial application of the cooperative strategy. The simulation result shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the makespan of dual-robot cooperative additive manufacturing, and accommodate the uncertain execution delays of the dual-robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a critically endangered, large migratory fish that serves as a vital indicator of ecological status of marine and river environments. Conservation efforts for Chinese sturgeon primarily focus on freshwater rearing, potentially leading to smaller adult sizes and higher disease incidence due to limited exposure to marine environments. Thus, it is imperative to study the behavioural characteristics and marine life history of artificially reared populations in seawater environments. In this study, acoustic telemetry technology was employed to investigate the behaviour of the Chinese sturgeon. We deployed an acoustic array at a nearshore-fenced marine farm on Bailong Island and conducted a one-year (December 2020–December 2021) tracking of ten acoustic-tagged fish, comprising five adults and five juveniles. We generated distribution heat maps and analysed displacement during typhoons and tidal events to differentiate activity levels. Annual distribution revealed areas of distinct increased density, with adults displaying a denser distribution compared to the more scattered pattern observed in juveniles. Rhythmic behaviour in response to tidal cycles was observed. During typhoon periods, individuals exhibited reduced activity levels but increased concentration, with no significant diurnal behavioral variations. These age-specific and environmentally responsive habitat preferences provide valuable supplementary insights into the species' life history and potential conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the lesion site or specific cells is an important way to achieve "toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement". Macrocycles have always provided many novel ideas for drug or gene loading and delivery processes. Specifically, macrocycles represented by crown ethers, cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, calix[n]arenes, and pillar[n]arenes have unique properties, which are different cavity structures, good biocompatibility, and good stability. Benefited from these diverse properties, a variety of supramolecular drug delivery systems can be designed and constructed to effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of guest molecules as needed. This review provides an outlook on the current application status and main limitations of macrocycles in supramolecular drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel consequent‐pole dual‐stator linear permanent magnet vernier machine (DS‐LPMVM) with PM in the mover slot opening, which has a bi‐directional flux modulation effect. The novelty of the proposed machine consists of consequent‐pole double‐sided topology with toroidal windings placed in the mover slot, as well as PMs both on the stator and mover slot to improve the air gap magnetic field. The dual‐stator adopts misalignment structure to suppress detent force and produce steady thrust. The electromagnetic parameters of the proposed DS‐LPMVM are evaluated and quantitatively compared with the conventional linear permanent magnet vernier machine (C‐LPMVM) in terms of air‐gap flux density, no‐load back EMF, inductance, and thrust. The geometrical parameters are designed to reduce the detent force. By analyzing the optimized structure parameters of the two machines, the good electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are verified by the finite element method (FEM) and semi‐analytical method, and both results of the two methods are basically the same. It is found that the amount of PMs for the proposed machine is reduced by 20% compared to the C‐LPMVM, but the average thrust is increased by 20.7% and the thrust ripple is reduced to 4.04%. The results show that the proposed DS‐LPMVM has better flux modulation effect and thrust characteristics than C‐LPMCM. Finally, a 12‐slot, 10‐pole pairs prototype was manufactured and tested. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption behavior of gold thiosulfate ions on the surface of kaolinite was studied using a combination of experimental research and quantum chemical calculations. Under the condition of a stirring time of 30 min, a stirring speed of 500 r·min−1, and a mass ratio of 30% kaolinite in the slurry, when the initial gold concentration of 56.50 mg·L−1,the adsorption rate of gold-thiosulfate ions from a kaolinite-containing solution was 7.44%. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the physical and chemical adsorption of kaolinite and gold thiosulfate occurred in solution. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the CASTEP module in Materials Studio. The adsorption energy of gold thiosulfate on the surface of kaolinite (001) was calculated as − 438.01 kJ·mol−1.The calculated H76–O289 distance was 1.615 Å. Mulliken Charge population analysis and bond population analysis showed that gold thiosulfate ions form relatively stable bonds on the kaolinite surface (001). In the process of thiosulfate immersion, part of gold is adsorbed by kaolinite, which affects the extraction of gold. These results indicate that during the leaching process of gold thiosulfate, kaolinite has the ability to "catch" gold, which affects the leaching efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prestressed stayed steel columns (PSSCs) are structural components notable for their exceptional stability and load capacity. However, their behavior under eccentric compression remains poorly understood compared to their performance under axial compression. This study conducted tests and finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the stability of PSSCs under eccentric compression loading. The study focused on examining the overall stability, buckling modes, and ultimate load capacity of PSSCs under various scenarios. The findings revealed that PSSCs exhibit significantly higher stability and load capacity than conventional columns. However, when subjected to eccentric compression, they experience a substantial decrease in stability. The results of the linear and nonlinear buckling analyses suggest that interactive buckling may occur under certain conditions, thereby influencing the buckling load. These findings clarify the correlation between stability and eccentric compression, offering valuable insights for future research and practical engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has led to significant fluctuations in marine ecosystems. As a component of the food web, the trophic diversity and spatiotemporal changes of fish communities are crucial for understanding ecosystems. In recent years, stable isotope analysis has been increasingly used as a comprehensive tool for quantitative assessment of trophic diversity to explore spatiotemporal variations in fish community diversity. This study is based on carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) stable isotope analysis using different biomass-weighted isotope diversity indices, including isotopic divergence index (IDiv), isotopic dispersion index (IDis), isotopic evenness index (IEve), and isotopic uniqueness index (IUni). The overall results indicate that IDis, IEve, and IUni values of fish communities were relatively low, while IDiv was relatively high in the Haizhou Bay ecosystem. IDiv, IDis, IEve, and IUni were lower in autumn than in spring; IDiv and IDis were relatively higher in offshore waters, while IEve and IUni were relatively higher in inshore waters. The changes in species composition and intensive pelagic–benthic coupling in Haizhou Bay may lead to significant spatiotemporal variations in the trophic diversity of fish communities in the area. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating trophic relationships into ecosystem models, which will help to enhance our understanding of the complexity of the trophic structure of fish communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River reconstructions, encompassing flood and erosion control along with the restoration of fish habitat, can alter hydrodynamics within the constructed channel, thereby impacting fish habitat. This study aimed to assess the influence of specific river reconstruction practices, particularly spur dikes, on both hydrodynamics and fish habitat, to optimize the design of spur dike constructions for fish habitat restoration. The study utilized ecohydraulic modeling to examine the design of river reconstruction strategies and provide valuable insights on their efficacy, with a focus on refining these practices to enhance the suitability of habitat for Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Chinese Sailfin Sucker) in the Yangtze River. We used various flow rates and time periods to test hydrodynamic and habitat responses and long-term stability of the restoration schemes. The results suggested that the habitat quality of all the tested cases increased with flow rates and then decreased. Modelling results indicated a ranking of the habitat status from high to low in the following scenarios: baseline channel without riverbank constructions, with straight or T-shaped spur dikes installed on a single riverbank, and with straight or T-shaped spur dikes installed on both riverbanks. For post-effects of the restoration strategies, each approach would scour the riverbed. Installing spur dikes on both riverbanks would severely degrade the fish habitat suitability level, with the overall suitability index decreasing over time. In summary, installation of spur dikes along a single riverbank minimized the impact on the suitability of fish habitats and was the preferred scenarios to optimize habitat suitability for Chinese Sailfin Sucker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, the production and propagation of Δ particles are crucial to understanding the nuclear equation of state and inferring the properties of nuclear matter at high densities. Based on the self-consistent relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (RBUU) transport theory, by introducing the isovector ρ meson exchange into the effective Lagrangian and adopting the density-dependent coupling constants, the detailed expressions for isospin-dependent in-medium N Δ → N Δ elastic cross sections σ N Δ ∗ have been calculated. The energy and density dependence of the isospin-related σ N Δ ∗ as well as the total contributions of σ , ω and ρ meson fields are analyzed. It is found that the total σ N Δ ∗ has a sensitive center-of-mass energy dependence at lower energies while exhibiting a slight increase as the center-of-mass energy increases. The isospin effect between different isospin-separated channels weakens as the energy and/or density increases. The isospin effect on the density- and energy-dependent in-medium N Δ elastic cross sections is dominantly caused by the delicate balance of the isovector ρ meson exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: A total of 389 and 344 QTLs were identified by GWAS and QTL mapping explaining accumulatively 32.2–65.0% and 23.7–63.4% of phenotypic variation for 14 shoot-borne root traits using more than 1300 individuals across multiple field trails. Efficient nutrient and water acquisition from soils depends on the root system architecture (RSA). However, the genetic determinants underlying RSA in maize remain largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis for 14 shoot-borne root traits using 513 inbred lines and 800 individuals from four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations at the mature stage across multiple field trails. Our analysis revealed substantial phenotypic variation for these 14 root traits, with a total of 389 and 344 QTLs identified through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and linkage analysis, respectively. These QTLs collectively explained 32.2–65.0% and 23.7–63.4% of the trait variation within each population. Several a priori candidate genes involved in auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways, such as IAA26, ARF2, LBD37 and CKX3, were found to co-localize with these loci. In addition, a total of 69 transcription factors (TFs) from 27 TF families (MYB, NAC, bZIP, bHLH and WRKY) were found for shoot-borne root traits. A total of 19 genes including PIN3, LBD15, IAA32, IAA38 and ARR12 and 19 GWAS signals were overlapped with selective sweeps. Further, significant additive effects were found for root traits, and pyramiding the favorable alleles could enhance maize root development. These findings could contribute to understand the genetic basis of root development and evolution, and provided an important genetic resource for the genetic improvement of root traits in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption stability, geometry, and electronic and magnetic properties of H2S adsorbed on pristine, vacancy defected, and transition metal (TM)-doped phosphorene-graphene (PG) heterostructures were calculated using density functional theory. In pristine and vacancy defected PG systems, the interaction between H2S and the heterostructure was weak, and the mechanism was physical adsorption. After TM-doping (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni), the strong orbital hybridisation between the dopant and H2S significantly enhanced the interaction between H2S and the doped heterostructures, and the physisorption mechanism of H2S changed to chemical adsorption. The adsorption energy and desorption time of H2S molecules on Mn-doped PG heterostructures was suitable, which can be applied as sensors to detect H2S gas. The density of states of Cr- and Mn-doped PG heterostructures exhibited asymmetric electron spin states, indicating the existence of magnetic moments. Thus, introducing defects and TM dopants on PG heterostructures can improve H2S sensitivity, providing a theoretical basis for developing gas detection sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic state classification and relevance calculation at intersections are both difficult problems in traffic control. In this paper, we propose an intersection relevance model based on a temporal graph attention network, which can solve the above two problems at the same time. First, the intersection features and interaction time of the intersections are regarded as input quantities together with the initial labels of the traffic data. Then, they are inputted into the temporal graph attention (TGAT) model to obtain the classification accuracy of the target intersections in four states—free, stable, slow moving, and congested—and the obtained neighbouring intersection weights are used as the correlation between the intersections. Finally, it is validated by VISSIM simulation experiments. In terms of classification accuracy, the TGAT model has a higher classification accuracy than the three traditional classification models and can cope well with the uneven distribution of the number of samples. The information gain algorithm from the information entropy theory was used to derive the average delay as the most influential factor on intersection status. The correlation from the TGAT model positively correlates with traffic flow, making it interpretable. Using this correlation to control the division of subareas improves the road network's operational efficiency more than the traditional correlation model does. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the TGAT model's correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae infection. In atypical cases of CSD, pathogen determination is challenging. We report a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis with neither a clear history of scratches nor typical general symptoms. The diagnosis was made using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a high-throughput sequencing technology. Case presentation: A female patient presented to the ophthalmologist with complaint of blurred vision in her right eye. Although with history of raising a cat, she reported no clear history of scratches or typical general symptoms, except a fever of unknown origin which resolved spontaneously. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right eye was count fingers. Fundus examination showed optic disc oedema, macular exudates and inferior exudative retinal detachment. Laboratory examination results showed increased value of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Ocular involvement of toxoplasmosis, syphilis and tuberculosis were excluded. To identify the possible causative pathogen of the disease, mNGS of aqueous humour sample was performed and 521 reads of B. henselae were identified. Serological test results further showed a positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) titre of 1:64. Taking the contact history, clinical manifestations, mNGS and serological results into consideration, the diagnosis of Bartonella neuroretinitis (ocular CSD) was made. After appropriate treatment, the BCVA of the right eye improved to 20/25 in the last follow-up. Fundus examination showed a normal optic disc and macula, and the exudates had reduced. Conclusion: mNGS, a fast and unbiased method, can be used to detect B. henselae (if present) in intraocular fluid samples.; however, the results should be interpreted together with the clinical symptoms and other auxiliary test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breeding of laying hens and broilers in China has increased tremendously. Wet organic fertilizer prepared from hen manure using high-temperature container fermentation preserves high levels of nutrients and a diverse microbial community. We applied low doses of organic fertilizer to peanuts in the black soil area of China's northeastern region. Based on the calculation of nitrogen content, treatments were set as follows: chemical fertilizer (PCF), organic fertilizer (POF, 4500 kg·ha−1), and replacement of 50% chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (PR, 2250 kg·ha−1). Compared to the plots with chemical fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizer and replacing 50% of the chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer significantly increased peanut yields. Both the organic fertilizer and replacing 50% of the chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the activities of the most tested soil enzymes related to carbon transformation and the absolute abundance of microorganisms. However, they did significantly enhance soil dehydrogenase and α-glucosidase. The community abundance ratio of fungi/bacteria trended downward, leading to soil with a high-fertility bacterial composition. The replacement of 50% chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the species richness and diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities. Organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Gemmatimonas and Sphingomonas. The relative abundance of Mycobacterium in the treatment where 50% of the chemical fertilizers were replaced with organic fertilizer was significantly lower than that in the organic fertilizer treatment. PCoA results showed that the low-dose organic fertilizer treatment, replacing 50% of the chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer, had a significant impact on the composition of soil bacterial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain tumor segmentation is an important direction in medical image processing, and its main goal is to accurately mark the tumor part in brain MRI. This study proposes a brand new end-to-end model for brain tumor segmentation, which is a multi-scale deep residual convolutional neural network called mResU-Net. The semantic gap between the encoder and decoder is bridged by using skip connections in the U-Net structure. The residual structure is used to alleviate the vanishing gradient problem during training and ensure sufficient information in deep networks. On this basis, multi-scale convolution kernels are used to improve the segmentation accuracy of targets of different sizes. At the same time, we also integrate channel attention modules into the network to improve its accuracy. The proposed model has an average dice score of 0.9289, 0.9277, and 0.8965 for tumor core (TC), whole tumor (WT), and enhanced tumor (ET) on the BraTS 2021 dataset, respectively. Comparing the segmentation results of this method with existing techniques shows that mResU-Net can significantly improve the segmentation performance of brain tumor subregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized high‐concentration electrolyte is widely acknowledged as a cutting‐edge electrolyte for the lithium metal anode. However, the high fluorine content, either from high‐concentration salts or from highly fluorinated diluents, results in significantly higher production costs and an increased environmental burden. Here, we have developed a novel electrolyte termed "Localized Medium‐Concentration Electrolyte" (LMCE) to effectively address these issues. This LMCE is designed and produced by diluting a medium concentration (0.5 M–1.5 M) electrolyte which is incompatible with lithium metal anode before diluting. It has ultralow concentration (0.1 M) and demonstrates remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anode. Surprisingly, our LMCE, despite having an ultralow concentration (0.1 M), exhibits excellent kinetics in Li/Cu, Li/Li, LiFePO4/Li, and NCM811/Li batteries. Additionally, LMCE effectively inhibits the corrosion of the Al current collector caused by LiTFSI salt under high voltage (>4 V) conditions. This groundbreaking LMCE design transforms the seemingly "incompatible" into the "compatible", opening up new avenues for exploring various electrolyte formulations, including all liquid electrolyte‐based batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized high‐concentration electrolyte is widely acknowledged as a cutting‐edge electrolyte for the lithium metal anode. However, the high fluorine content, either from high‐concentration salts or from highly fluorinated diluents, results in significantly higher production costs and an increased environmental burden. Here, we have developed a novel electrolyte termed "Localized Medium‐Concentration Electrolyte" (LMCE) to effectively address these issues. This LMCE is designed and produced by diluting a medium concentration (0.5 M–1.5 M) electrolyte which is incompatible with lithium metal anode before diluting. It has ultralow concentration (0.1 M) and demonstrates remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anode. Surprisingly, our LMCE, despite having an ultralow concentration (0.1 M), exhibits excellent kinetics in Li/Cu, Li/Li, LiFePO4/Li, and NCM811/Li batteries. Additionally, LMCE effectively inhibits the corrosion of the Al current collector caused by LiTFSI salt under high voltage (>4 V) conditions. This groundbreaking LMCE design transforms the seemingly "incompatible" into the "compatible", opening up new avenues for exploring various electrolyte formulations, including all liquid electrolyte‐based batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Arundo donax Linnaeus was utilized as the biomass and a TH/DS (Tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide/Dimethyl sulfoxide, C16H37NO/C2H6OS) system was employed to dissolve biomass cellulose. The optimal process for the preparation of Arundo donax L. biomass regenerated cellulose fiber was determined through process optimization. The physical properties and antimicrobial performance of the resulting products were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the physical indicators of biomass regenerated cellulose fiber, prepared from Arundo donax L. cellulose, met the requirements of the standard for Viscose Filament (Dry breaking strength ≥ 1.65 CN/dtex, Elongation at dry breaking 15.5–26.0%, and Dry elongation CV value ≤ 10.0%). Additionally, excellent antimicrobial properties were exhibited by the biomass regenerated cellulose fiber developed in this study, with antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus and other three strain indexes meeting the Viscose Filament standards. Furthermore, high antiviral activity of 99.99% against H1N1 and H3N2 strains of influenza A virus was observed in the experimental samples, indicating a remarkable antiviral effect. Valuable references for the comprehensive utilization of Arundo donax L. biomass resources are provided by this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a strategy for pyrimidination of inert alkanes via synergistic visible light‐driven redox reaction and FeCl3 catalysis. This transformation involves C−H activation by a chlorine radical generated during the iron‐promoted ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process, triggering subsequent C−H pyrimidination. The substrates and catalysts are inexpensive and readily available, while the reaction conditions and procedures are simple without the need for external oxidants. This work provides a practical approach for synthesizing pyrimidine derivatives with high structural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple organic Rankine cycle (TORC) is gradually gaining interest, but the maximum thermal efficiencies (around 30%) are restricted by low critical temperatures of common working fluids (<320 °C). This paper proposes a high-temperature (up to 400 °C) TORC system to ramp up efficiency. A near-azeotropic mixture biphenyl/diphenyl oxide (BDO), which has a stellar track record in the high-temperature ORC applications, is innovatively adopted as the top and middle ORC fluid simultaneously. Four conventional organic fluids are chosen for the bottom ORC. A mixing heat exchanger connects the top and middle ORCs to reduce irreversible loss. Thermodynamic analysis hints that the optimal performance is achieved on the use of benzene as the bottom fluid. The maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies are respectively 40.86% and 74.14%. The largest exergy destruction occurs inside the heat exchanger coupling the middle and bottom ORCs, accounting for above 30% of the total entropy generation. The levelized energy cost (LEC) is 0.0368 USD/kWh. Given the same heat source condition, the TORC system can boost the efficiency by 1.02% and drive down LEC by 0.0032 USD/kWh compared with a BDO mixture-based cascade ORC. The proposed system is promising in solar thermal power generation and Carnot battery applications using phase change materials for storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subthreshold depressive (sD) states and major depression are considered to occur on a continuum, and there are only quantitative and not qualitative differences between depressive states in healthy individuals and patients with depression. sD is showing a progressively increasing prevalence and has a lifelong impact, and the social and clinical impacts of sD are no less than those of major depressive disorder (MDD). Because depression leads to biased cognition, patients with depression and healthy individuals show different visual processing properties. However, it remains unclear whether there are significant differences in visual information recognition among healthy individuals with various depressive states. In this study, we investigated the event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) of healthy individuals with various depressive states during the perception of emotional visual stimulation. We show that different neural activities can be detected even among healthy individuals. We divided healthy participants into high, middle, and low depressive state groups and found that participants in a high depressive state had a lower P300 amplitude and significant differences in fast and slow neural responses in the frontal and parietal lobes. We anticipate our study to provide useful parameters for assessing the evaluation of depressive states in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that each p -block of SL (2 , p n) and GL (2 , p n) over an arbitrary complete discrete valuation ring is splendidly Rickard equivalent to its Brauer correspondent, hence give new evidence for a refined version of Broué's abelian defect group conjecture proposed by Kessar and Linckelmann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low phosphorus (LP) stress leads to a significant reduction in wheat yield, primarily in the reduction of biomass, the number of tillers and spike grains, the delay in heading and flowering, and the inhibition of starch synthesis and grouting. However, the differences in regulatory pathway responses to low phosphorus stress among different wheat genotypes are still largely unknown. In this study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses of G28 (LP-tolerant) and L143 (LP-sensitive) wheat varieties after 72 h of normal phosphorus (CK) and LP stress were performed. A total of 181 and 163 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected for G28CK vs. G28LP and L143CK vs. L143LP, respectively. Notably, the expression of pilocarpine (C07474) in G28CK vs. G28LP was significantly downregulated 4.77-fold, while the expression of neochlorogenic acid (C17147) in L143CK vs. L143LP was significantly upregulated 2.34-fold. A total of 4023 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired between G28 and L143, of which 1120 DEGs were considered as the core DEGs of LP tolerance of wheat after LP treatment. The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic data further revealed that the LP tolerance of wheat was closely related to 15 metabolites and 18 key genes in the sugar and amino acid metabolism pathway. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway was enriched to four ATPases, two cytochrome c reductase genes, and fumaric acid under LP treatment. Moreover, PHT1;1, TFs (ARFA, WRKY40, MYB4, MYB85), and IAA20 genes were related to the Pi starvation stress of wheat roots. Therefore, the differences in LP tolerance of different wheat varieties were related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phytohormones, and PHT proteins, and precisely regulated by the levels of various molecular pathways to adapt to Pi starvation stress. Taken together, this study may help to reveal the complex regulatory process of wheat adaptation to Pi starvation and provide new genetic clues for further study on improving plant Pi utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Message: The genetic architecture of RSA traits was dissected by GWAS and coexpression networks analysis in a maize association population. Root system architecture (RSA) is a crucial determinant of water and nutrient uptake efficiency in crops. However, the maize genetic architecture of RSA is still poorly understood due to the challenges in quantifying root traits and the lack of dense molecular markers. Here, an association mapping panel including 356 inbred lines were crossed with a common tester, Zheng58, and the test crosses were phenotyped for 12 RSA traits in three locations. We observed a 1.3 ~ sixfold phenotypic variation for measured RSA in the association panel. The association panel consisted of four subpopulations, non-stiff stalk (NSS) lines, stiff stalk (SS), tropical/subtropical (TST), and mixed. Zheng58 × TST has a 2.1% higher crown root number (CRN) and 8.6% less brace root number (BRN) than Zheng58 × NSS and Zheng58 × SS, respectively. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 1.25 million SNPs and correction for population structure, 191 significant SNPs were identified for root traits. Ninety (47%) of the significant SNPs showed positive allelic effects, and 101 (53%) showed negative effects. Each locus could explain 0.39% to 11.8% of phenotypic variation. By integrating GWAS results and comparing coexpression networks, 26 high-priority candidate genes were identified. Gene GRMZM2G377215, which belongs to the COBRA-like gene family, affected root growth and development. Gene GRMZM2G468657 encodes the aspartic proteinase nepenthesin-1, related to root development and N-deficient response. Collectively, our research provides progress in the genetic dissection of root system architecture. These findings present the further possibility for the genetic improvement of root traits in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of carbon storage, balancing land development and utilization with ecological protection, and promoting urban low-carbon sustainable development are important topics under China's "dual carbon strategy" (Carbon emissions stabilize and harmonize with natural carbon absorption). However, existing research has paid little attention to the impact of land use changes under different spatial policies on the provincial-scale ecosystem carbon storage. In this study, we established a carbon density database for Liaoning Province and obtained the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon storage over the past 20 years. Then, based on 16 driving factors and multiple spatial policies in Liaoning Province, we predicted land use and land cover changes (LUCC) under three scenarios for 2050 and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and response mechanisms of carbon storage under different scenarios. The results showed that (1) LUCC directly affected carbon storage, with a 35.61% increase in construction land and a decrease in carbon storage of 0.51 Tg over the 20-year period. (2) From 2020 to 2050, the carbon storage varied significantly among the natural trend scenario (NTS), ecological restoration scenario (ERS), and economic priority scenario (EPS), with values of 2112.05 Tg, 2164.40 Tg, and 2105.90 Tg, respectively. Carbon storage in the ecological restoration scenario exhibited positive growth, mainly due to a substantial increase in forest area. (3) The spatial pattern of carbon storage in Liaoning Province was characterized by "low in the center, high in the east, and balanced in the west". Therefore, Liaoning Province can consider rationally formulating and strictly implementing the spatial policy of ecological protection in the future land planning so as to control the disorderly growth of construction land, realize the growth of ecological land area, effectively enhance carbon storage, and ensure the realization of the goal of "dual carbon strategy". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of viscoelastic collision mechanics is used to explore the rebound and adhesion mechanisms of single aggregates in shotcrete at the meso-level in this study. Abrasive balls with different radiuses were used, fully considering the characteristics of the aggregates and the sprayed wall, to build multifactor physical models for the shotcrete rebound of the aggregate. The movement trajectories, velocities, and energy dissipations of abrasive balls are analyzed, and the shotcrete-rebound mechanical model of a single aggregate based on wet-mix shotcrete is proposed. The results of the study show that there are obvious differences in the rebound velocity of the aggregate in different collision forms, and the viscoelastic properties of aggregates affect the jet stability of wet-mix shotcrete. According to the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the energy loss during the collision-rebound of the aggregate is inversely proportional to the rebound velocity and proportional to the rebound resistance. The functional relationship between the resistance F and the particle radius R during the rebound and adhesion of aggregate can be expressed as F=CR1/5 , where C is a constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subthreshold depressive (sD) states and major depression are considered to occur on a continuum, and there are only quantitative and not qualitative differences between depressive states in healthy individuals and patients with depression. sD is showing a progressively increasing prevalence and has a lifelong impact, and the social and clinical impacts of sD are no less than those of major depressive disorder (MDD). Because depression leads to biased cognition, patients with depression and healthy individuals show different visual processing properties. However, it remains unclear whether there are significant differences in visual information recognition among healthy individuals with various depressive states. In this study, we investigated the event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) of healthy individuals with various depressive states during the perception of emotional visual stimulation. We show that different neural activities can be detected even among healthy individuals. We divided healthy participants into high, middle, and low depressive state groups and found that participants in a high depressive state had a lower P300 amplitude and significant differences in fast and slow neural responses in the frontal and parietal lobes. We anticipate our study to provide useful parameters for assessing the evaluation of depressive states in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual-arm cooperative manipulators system has more advantages in reconfigurability and flexibility compared with single manipulator manufacturing cell. However, random and time-varying Cartesian pose errors generated in dual-arm cooperative manipulators will be superimposed to increase the system synchronous error, which makes it difficult to complete the coordinate assembly task. To deal with the above-mentioned problems, in this paper, a novel cooperative mode-based dynamic cross-coupled sliding mode controller (DCSMC) scheme combined with position-based visual servoing (PBVS) is proposed to realize 3D dynamic tracking and positioning by correcting the movement of the dual-arm system in real time. Then, since the cross-coupled technology is incorporated into the proposed synchronous control scheme for the dual-arm system, both the Cartesian position tracking and synchronous errors of the end-effectors will simultaneously converge to zero. Moreover, the stability of the proposed DCSMC has been proved by using the Lyapunov theorem. Furthermore, to effectively demonstrate the control performance of the proposed synchronous control approach, a real-time experimental platform integrated with BECKHOFF industrial computer, C-track 780 photogrammetry sensor from Creaform, and two ESTUN industrial manipulators were developed for the implementation of the proposed DCSMC system. Finally, experimental results illustrate that the proposed scheme can improve the synchronous accuracy up to ± 0.13 mm for position accuracy and ± 62.6 × 10−5 rad for rotational accuracy respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great potential in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. Our current work intended to assay the clinical significance of endothelial cell (EC)‐derived EVs in atherosclerosis (AS). Expression of HIF1A‐AS2, miR‐455‐5p, and ESRRG in plasma from AS patients and mice and EVs from ox‐LDL‐treated ECs was measured. Interactions among HIF1A‐AS2, miR‐455‐5p, ESRRG, and NLRP3 were analyzed. Next, EVs were co‐cultured with ECs, and ectopic expression and depletion experimentations of HIF1A‐AS2, miR‐455‐5p, ESRRG, and/or NLRP3 were carried out to assay their roles in pyroptosis and inflammation of ECs in AS. At last, the effects of HIF1A‐AS2 shuttled by EC‐derived EVs on EC pyroptosis and vascular inflammation in AS were verified in vivo. HIF1A‐AS2 and ESRRG were highly expressed, while miR‐455‐5p was poorly expressed in AS. HIF1A‐AS2 could sponge miR‐455‐5p to elevate the expression of ESRRG and NLRP3. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ECs‐derived EVs carrying HIF1A‐AS2 induced the pyroptosis and vascular inflammation of ECs to promote the progression of AS by sponging miR‐455‐5p via ESRRG/NLRP3. HIF1A‐AS2 shuttled by ECs‐derived EVs can accelerate the progression of AS by downregulating miR‐455‐5p and upregulating ESRRG and NLRP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Method. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), the Wanfang database, and the China Science and Technology Journal Database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of phacoemulsification and LPI in the treatment of PACG published up to September 30, 2022. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), complications, corneal endothelial cell count, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared. The effective quantity of measurement data was measured by the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The effect of counting data was measured by the odds ratio (OR). Result. A total of 1731 potential studies were identified, and after screening, 8 RCT studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, compared to the LPI group, the patients in the phacoemulsification group showed lower IOP six and twelve months after operation (MD-3.39, 95% CI −4.15∼−2.63, P < 0.00001 ; −2.29, −3.52∼−1.06, 0.0003). The ACD in the phacoemulsification group was significantly deeper than that in the LPI group (1.59, 1.10∼2.09, 0.00001). Meanwhile, the incidence of complications in the phacoemulsification group was lower than that in the LPI group (OR = 0.46, 0.29∼0.72, 0.0006). There was no statistically significant difference between the phacoemulsification group and the LPI group in corneal endothelial cell count and BCVA at 6 and 12 months after operation (P = 0.38 ; 0.11; 0.81). Conclusion. Compared with LPI, phacoemulsification is safer and more effective in the treatment of PACG, especially in controlling IOP and minimizing postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte engineering is crucial for the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Here, lithium metal is stabilized in the highly reactive sulfolane‐based electrolyte under low concentration (0.25 M) for the first time. Inorganic‐polymer hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high ionic conductivity, low bonding with lithium and high flexibility enables dense chunky lithium deposition and high plating/stripping efficiency. Low concentration electrolyte (LCE) also enables excellent cycling stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)/Li cells at 1 C (90.7 % retention after 500 cycles) and 0.3 C (83.3 % retention after 1000 cycles). With a low N/P ratio (≈2), the capacity retention for NCM523/Li cells can achieve 94.3 % after 100 cycles at 0.3 C. Exploring the LCE is of paramount significance because it provides more possibilities of the lithium salt selections, especially reviving some lithium salts that are excluded before due to their low solubility. More importantly, LCE has the significant advantage of commercialization due to its cost‐effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte engineering is crucial for the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Here, lithium metal is stabilized in the highly reactive sulfolane‐based electrolyte under low concentration (0.25 M) for the first time. Inorganic‐polymer hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high ionic conductivity, low bonding with lithium and high flexibility enables dense chunky lithium deposition and high plating/stripping efficiency. Low concentration electrolyte (LCE) also enables excellent cycling stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)/Li cells at 1 C (90.7 % retention after 500 cycles) and 0.3 C (83.3 % retention after 1000 cycles). With a low N/P ratio (≈2), the capacity retention for NCM523/Li cells can achieve 94.3 % after 100 cycles at 0.3 C. Exploring the LCE is of paramount significance because it provides more possibilities of the lithium salt selections, especially reviving some lithium salts that are excluded before due to their low solubility. More importantly, LCE has the significant advantage of commercialization due to its cost‐effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral amines are essential components for many pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the difficulty in obtaining enantiomerically pure amines limits their application. In this study, hollow amorphous ZIF-90 (HamZIF-90) materials were prepared by template engraving, and chemical–enzyme coupling catalysts (HamZIF-90@Pd@CALB) were constructed for the chiral resolution of 1-phenylethylamine. Different from conventional materials, HamZIF-90 had tunable hollow structures by altering its central node zinc ion concentrations, and the embedded hydrogel template gave it more pore structures, which facilitated the loading of enzyme molecules and Pd nanoparticles (NPs). The establishment of the coupling catalysts shortened the mass transfer distance of the reactant molecules between the metal nanoparticles and the enzyme catalyst in the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reaction, resulting in 98% conversion of 1-phenylethylamine and 93% selectivity of Sel.R-amide. The proposal of this idea provided a good idea for future tailor-made MOFs loaded with chemical and enzyme coupled catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the environment of advocating low-carbon economy, the development of green lighting and the potential application of rare earth luminescent light sources have always attracted much attention. In this study, aiming at the existing defects of white LED, taking the new red rare earth phosphor excited by ultraviolet light as the research object, Eu3+ doped NaLa(WO4)2:0.08Eu3+ phosphors samples were prepared by microwave method. The prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fluorescence spectrum (PL), CIE color coordinates and other detection methods, and their phase composition, micro-morphology and luminescent properties were characterized. The results show that the doping of Eu3+ does not change the crystal structure of the matrix material, and the NaLa(WO4)2:0.08Eu3+ phosphors is micron-sized and irregular polyhedral at room temperature. It can be excited by ultraviolet light with wavelength of 395 nm to produce red light emission. The color coordinates of NaLa(WO4)2:0.08Eu3+ phosphors are (0.5794, 0.308), and the manufactured device can emit white light with color coordinates of (0.3060, 0.3307). Therefore, the NaLa(WO4)2:0.08Eu3+ red phosphors prepared in this study is expected to be used in the preparation of white LED devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most critical and yet unsolved issues is the effective monitoring of multiple heavy metal ions in complex systems through their specific function in fluorescence detection. In this work, luminescence‐active cadmium base metal‐organic frameworks (Cd‐MOFs) based on the planar and rigid π‐conjugated structure ligand benzo‐(1,2;3,4;5,6)‐tris (thiophene‐2'‐carboxylic acid) (H3BTTC) was chosen. A series of sensing experiments demonstrated that the Cd‐MOFs exhibits selective and sensitive response for Fe3+ and Eu3+ through fluorescence "turn off" and "antenna effect" respectively. In addition, the encapsulation of Eu3+ inside the Cd‐MOFs (Eu3+@Cd‐MOFs) led to an excellent probe with dual emission. To this end, a programmable fluorescence platform was developed to detect Fe3+ and Cu2+, in which the emission peaks of both the ligand and Eu3+ are completely quenched by Fe3+. The ratiometric detection of Cu2+ leads to a decrease in Eu3+ emission, while the ligand emission remains stable. To demonstrate the strategy, the fluorescence (Output) of Cd‐MOFs, Eu3+@Cd‐MOFs, and the analytes (Eu3+, Fe3+, and Cu2+, input) achieved elementary Boolean logic operations (OR, NOR, AND) and they constitute a logic fluorescent chemosensor to analyze Fe3+ and Cu2+ synchronously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malus hupehensis (MH), as a natural resource, contains various active ingredients such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, volatile substances, and other components. Increasingly, studies have indicated that MH showed a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and other activities. Hence, MH has attracted wide interest because of its high medical and nutritional value. It is necessary to review the active components and biological activities of MH. This paper systematically reviewed the chemical substances, biological activities, and potential problems of MH to further promote the related research of MH and provide an important reference for its application and development in medicine and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cable-stiffened steel column (CSSC) possesses superior stability behaviour compared to ordinary compression columns. In the past, the research emphasis has focused on the behaviours of stiffened columns under axial compression; investigations into their behaviour under eccentric loading is scant. This study aims to examine the buckling behaviour of CSSCs under eccentric loading using experimental and numerical investigations. The effects of pretension in cables and eccentricity on stability behaviours were studied. According to the current investigation, it can be demonstrated that the capacities of CSSCs are higher than those of ordinary compression columns. It has also been illustrated that both the buckling loads and modes of CSSCs can be changed by changing the load eccentricity; however, the modes of ordinary columns cannot be changed. These results could be of theoretical and engineering significance in the exploration of the behaviours of cable-stiffened columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutes and focal surfaces are classical objects of the singularity theory. In this paper, we will introduce (1, k)‐type curves and the Bishop type frame. Then, by using the Bishop frame, we define the evolutes and focal surfaces of (1, k)‐type curves and discuss some singular properties of them. Moreover, the singularities of focal surfaces of (1, k)‐type curves are classified according to the unfolding theory of the families of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supersaturated total dissolved gases (TDGs) generated by dams can cause gas bubble trauma and mortality in fish in downstream waters. In this study, we evaluated air entrainment and generation of supersaturated TDG at two submerged low-level outlets (LLOs) at Hugh L. Keenleyside Dam, British Columbia, Canada. Specifically, we determined how air entrainment (less than 1% volume fraction) through the gate well, discharge level through the outlets, and geometry of the stilling basins at the south and north ends of the dam influenced supersaturated TDG generation. A mathematical formulation was developed, incorporating physical processes including air entrainment, bubble breakup, and gas transfer. Numerical modeling was also adopted to validate turbulence and flowfield downstream of the submerged low-level outlets. Despite being 8-m shallower, significantly higher TDG levels were measured in the stilling basin of the south LLO (about 120%) compared to that of the north LLO (≤110%). Results show that turbulence in the stilling basin can produce smaller bubbles and increase the mass transfer coefficient across bubbles, which will substantially enhance gas transfer and TDG generation. Higher TDG generated in the shallower LLO was therefore attributed to the water depth generating stronger turbulence flow, with more efficient gas transfer. This study improves TDG prediction and helps inform the development of operational alternatives during periods of high TDG generation to mitigate impacts on the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study outlines a rational approach to the design of single-emission and dual-emission Ln-MOFs utilizing a single ligand with single Ln3+. This methodology incorporates DFT to analyze the excited states of the ligands and the energy levels of the frontier molecular orbitals, complemented by Reinhoudt empirical rules. The results show that two kinds of Ln-BTTC with different emission characteristics have been successfully synthesized under the guidance of theoretical calculations, and the antenna effect of dual-emission Tb-BTTC has been successfully enhanced by the second sphere, which enables high-precision fluorescence sensing of DPA. Not only a new DPA detection mechanism is proposed, additionally, it has been confirmed that the interaction mechanism involving the second-sphere interaction is highly effective for the development of a turn-on sensing mechanism to lanthanide MOFs. When DPA diffuses into the Tb-BTTC and hydrogen bonds with the BTTC, strong interactions are formed that lead to changes in the ligand frontier molecular orbital energies, inhibiting multiple non-radiative decay pathways. Consequently, this research opens up novel prospects for utilizing lanthanide chromophores as an efficient platform for fluorescence, exhibiting innovative sensing capabilities that can be applied across a diverse array of applications. Scheme 1 Schematic diagram of the fluorescence detection of DPA by two MOFs in aqueous system. [Display omitted] • Theoretical calculations provide guidance for the design and synthesis of Ln-MOFs. • Single-emission Eu-MOFs and double-emission Tb-MOFs were designed and constructed by controlling the energy transfer efficiency. • A fluorescence "turn-on" detection platform for DPA achieved successfully through second-sphere interactions. Investigating the emission patterns of Ln-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is crucial but challenging for rational design and selecting suitable MOFs. Firstly, theoretical calculation was used to predict the energy transfer efficiencies between the central ions (Eu3+/Tb3+) and the ligand (H 3 BTTC). The result indicates that Eu3+ can be completely sensitized and therefore Eu-BTTC with high energy transfer efficiency shows single-emission, whereas Tb3+ can only be partially sensitized and Tb-BTTC shows dual-emission due to reverse energy transfer. Subsequently, Eu-BTTC and Tb-BTTC with heterogeneous emission properties were successfully constructed. In order to investigate the emission modes of the two LnMOFs, 2,6-dipyridyl acid (DPA) was chosen as the second sphere and triggered the interaction between DPA and MOFs. In Eu-BTTC, the fluorescence remained constant before and after the addition of DPA due to the Eu3+ sensitized completely. In Tb-BTTC, the interaction between MOF and DPA improves the energy transfer efficiency from BTTC to Tb3+, resulting in the fully sensitization of Tb3+ and a significant enhancement of the fluorescence of Tb3+. In response to these results, a series of experiments as well as theoretical simulations were conducted to reveal the mechanism. A rational design mode and a novel sensing mechanism for the sensing platform of Ln-MOFs was provided by this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 absorption-microalgae conversion (CAMC) system can be a sustainable technology to achieve low-energy carbon capture and resource utilization in response to zero carbon. However, light stress could restrict the carbon utilization efficiency of CAMC system. In this study, melatonin (MT) and indole-propionic acid (IPA) as phytohormones, were used to promote the carbon fixation capacity and biomass yield of CAMC system under light stress, and the potential mechanism was also discussed. Both MT and IPA promoted the growth of Spirulina , and 10 mg-MT group obtained the highest biomass and carbon fixation capacity, which were 27.61 % and 30.62 % higher than control. MT and IPA promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), enhancing antioxidant activity to avoid oxidative damage. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cell apoptosis showed MT and IPA reduced cell membrane damage and apoptosis. Phytohormones induced the carbon flux flow to the synthesis of carbohydrate and protein, and increased carbohydrate and protein productivity. Moreover, the maximum phycocyanin content and yield were 13.74 % and 43.25 % higher than the control. Therefore, adding phytohormones was an effective strategy to achieve high-value bioresources of microalgae in CAMC system under light stress. [Display omitted] • MT and IPA improved the performance of CAMC under light stress. • The maximum carbon fixation capacity improved 30.62 %. • MT and IPA reduced cell membrane damage and apoptosis. • Phytohormones induced the carbon flux toward carbohydrate and protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let n be a positive integer and q a prime power. We prove that a refined version of Broué's abelian defect group conjecture holds for unipotent ℓ -blocks of GL n (q) , where ℓ ∤ q. We also give a sufficient condition on general ℓ -blocks of GL n (q) to satisfy the refined abelian defect group conjecture. We explain by an example that this sufficient condition does not hold in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed an improved design method for predicting the load-carrying capacity of H-section aluminium alloy slender columns under eccentric compression based on CSM. Through eccentric compression tests and extensive numerical simulations, the study explored the influence of cross-sectional dimensions, member slenderness ratios, and initial geometric imperfections on the load-carrying capacity of columns. The proposed CSM-based design method utilized CSM limiting stress and CSM buckling reduction factors tailored to aluminium alloy columns, accounting for the specifics of their material behavior and geometric properties. The comparison and evaluation of the load-carrying capacities predicted from the proposed design method, European design code, and American design code, as well as with experimental and numerical results, were conducted. Meanwhile, the reliability analyses on these design method and codes were also performed, adopting the method provided by the AISC and EN 1990, Annex D. The comparison and reliability analyses results indicate that, compared to existing design codes, the proposed CSM-based design method could provide more accurate, consistent, and reliable load-carrying capacities of H-section aluminium alloy slender columns under eccentric compression. • Developed a CSM-based design method for predicting load-carrying capacity of H-section aluminium alloy columns under eccentric compression. • Assessed the influence of cross-sectional dimensions, member slenderness ratios, and imperfections on column performance using CSM factors. • Compared the proposed design method with European and American design codes, providing more accurate and consistent results. • Conducted reliability analyses using AISC and EN 1990, Annex D, confirming the reliability of the proposed design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A body-centered cubic equiatomic TiZrTaNbAl multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) with elemental fluctuations was investigated to further understand the relationship between the microstructure and hydrogen distribution. In this study, a composition dependence of the hydrogen distribution was observed in the TiZrTaNbAl MPEA. An inhomogeneous electron density distribution of the MPEA was revealed by advanced differential phase-contrast scanning electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) for the first time. The results showed that the electron density has a significant effect on the hydrogen distribution in TiZrTaNbAl MPEAs. This work provides new insight into the design of materials with high hydrogen storage capacity and high hydrogen embrittlement resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate tooth identification and delineation in dental CBCT images are essential in clinical oral diagnosis and treatment. Teeth are positioned in the alveolar bone in a particular order, featuring similar appearances across adjacent and bilaterally symmetric teeth. However, existing tooth segmentation methods ignored such specific anatomical topology, which hampers the segmentation accuracy. Here we propose a semantic graph-based method to explicitly model the spatial associations between different anatomical targets (i.e., teeth) for their precise delineation in a coarse-to-fine fashion. First, to efficiently control the bilaterally symmetric confusion in segmentation, we employ a lightweight network to roughly separate teeth as four quadrants. Then, designing a semantic graph attention mechanism to explicitly model the anatomical topology of the teeth in each quadrant, based on which voxel-wise discriminative feature embeddings are learned for the accurate delineation of teeth boundaries. Extensive experiments on a clinical dental CBCT dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared with other state-of-the-art approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel poly(phenylene sulfide)-grafted metal-organic framework (Tb–MOF–PPS) was fabricated. Initially, 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid and TbCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials to synthesize the dihalogenated MOF (Tb–MOF) through ultrasound irradiation and hydrothermal methods. Subsequently, Tb–MOF was added at different mole proportions (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) for the copolymerization of PPS, and a serial of Tb–MOF–PPS composites were successfully obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved that the Tb–MOF was covalently connected to PPS. The introduction of the Tb–MOF had no evident influence on the thermal properties of the composites. Additionally, the fluorescence characteristics revealed that the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the composites had a large redshift compared with that of PPS and possessed visible-light photoluminescence properties. These results indicate that the composites obtained can be used as optical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective use of okara (soybean residue) requires more application aspects to increase its value. The production of enzyme preparations by okara fermented may be an effective approach. In this paper, Bacillus natto was used in okara fermentation to investigate the production of certain enzymes including nattokinase. The results showed that the fermented okara by B. natto produced a large amount of nattokinase and α‐amylase. After the response surface optimization, the nattokinase activity(189.3 IU/mg) and the α‐amylase activity (7.8 U/mg) were obtained at the 36 h fermentation time, the rotation speed 170 rpm, the inoculation amount 9%. After simple two‐step purification, ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G‐200 column chromatography, the activities of these two enzymes reached 1663.9 IU/mg and 39.93 U/mg, respectively. In short, this research provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of okara as a low‐cost enzyme preparation. Novelty impact statement: The co‐production of nattokinase and α‐amylase from fermented okara by Bacillus natto can effectively increase the added value of okara. Meanwhile this research provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of okara as a low‐cost enzyme preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]