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[Display omitted] • (SnFe 2)O x photocatalysts with significant photothermal catalytic degradation capabilities for CTC·HCl. • Mid-gap levels from Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions via IVCT and d – d transitions. • The mid-gap levels lead to distinct photocurrent characteristics under different incident wavelengths. • Electrons activated by visible and near-infrared light undergo cascaded transitions with UV light assistance. We present a comprehensive photocurrent characterization to explore the near-infrared (NIR) response and photothermal effects induced by mid-gap levels in (SnFe 2)O x (SFO) nanoparticles. X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed multiple mid-gap levels due to multivalent Fe ions. The SFO photocatalyst displayed a noticeable temperature rise under NIR irradiation and a considerable photothermal effect across the full solar spectrum during the photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC·HCl). In photothermal catalysis, after 150 min, SFO was able to remove 88% of CTC·HCl (60 mg/L), outperforming photocatalysis (79%) and thermal catalysis (73%). Rapid and slow response processes were observed in the photocurrent characterization under light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths (365–1500 nm), which revealed a clear dependence on the incident wavelength. Furthermore, innovative photocurrent response tests using alternating ultraviolet (UV) and NIR irradiation revealed that, in the presence of mid-gap levels, UV-excited electrons can aid NIR-excited electrons in achieving cascaded electron transitions, enhancing the utilization of NIR-excited electrons. Our findings demonstrate that mid-gap levels effectively improve the utilization of low-energy photons and boost the photocatalytic process through photothermal effects and increased active charge carrier density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) is the key neuroendocrine axis involved in reproductive regulation. Brain and muscle ARNT‐like protein 1 (Bmal1) participates in regulating the metabolism of various endocrine hormones. However, the regulation of Bmal1 on HPG and female fertility is unclear. This study aims to explore the regulation of female reproduction by Bmal1 via the HPG axis in mice. Bmal1‐knockout (Ko) mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The structure, function, and estrous cycle of ovarian in Bmal1 Ko female mice were measured. The key genes and proteins of the HPG axis involved in regulating female reproduction were examined through transcriptome analysis and then verified by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Furthermore, the fertility of female mice was detected after intervening prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (Pg) in Bmal1 ko mice. The number of offspring and ovarian weight were significantly lower in Bmal1‐Ko mice than in wild‐type (Wt) mice. In Bmal1‐Ko mice, ovarian cells were arranged loosely and irregularly, and the total number of follicles was significantly reduced. No corpus luteum was found in the ovaries. Vaginal smears revealed that Bmal1‐Ko mice had an irregular estrus cycle. In Bmal1‐Ko mice, Star expression was decreased, PRL and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were increased, and dopamine (DA) and Pg levels were decreased. Inhibition of PRL partially recovered the estrous cycle, corpus luteum formation, and Star expression in the ovaries. Pg supplementation promoted embryo implantation in Bmal1‐Ko female mice. Bmal1 Ko increases serum PRL levels in female mice likely by reducing DA levels, thus affecting luteal formation, resulting in decreased Star expression and Pg production, hindering female reproduction. Inhibition of PRL or restoration of Pg can partially restore reproductive capacity in female Bmal1‐Ko mice. Thus, Bmal1 may regulate female reproduction via the HPG axis in mice, suggesting that Bmal1 is a potential target to treat female infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stratospheric airships require a lightweight envelope to contain lighter-than-air buoyancy gas, making the lightweight design and pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure a key research issue. The stress state at different cross-sectional positions of the airship envelope structure is different, resulting in a low utilization rate of the overall material performance of the envelope structure. This paper proposes a design scheme for reinforcing envelope structures with sliding reinforcing cable to improve the bearing capacity of the composite fabric structure while reducing its weight, ultimately achieving the optimal strength-to-weight ratio. Two types of composite fabric structures (A-airship and B-airship) were subjected to inflatable burst tests, and the strain changes in the envelope gores were analyzed by digital image correlation. Through re-assembly of the broken composite fabric pieces and analysis of their tear textures, crack origination positions, failure causes, and the stress behavior and state at the failure position were identified. An envelope structural model with consideration of the cutting pattern effect was established, allowing the stress distribution of the envelope to be analyzed and the damage positions to be more accurately predicted. Based on the analysis of the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of an airship envelope structure, a novel idea of incorporating coupled tensile-shear stress into the strength criterion was proposed. Through the data in the study and existing references, it is verified that the strength criterion can accurately predict the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven successful for hyperspectral image classification (HSIC), it is difficult to characterize the global dependencies between HSI pixels at long-distance ranges and spectral bands due to their limited receptive domain. The transformer can compensate well for this shortcoming, but it suffers from a lack of image-specific inductive biases (i.e., localization and translation equivariance) and contextual position information compared with CNNs. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, we introduce a simply structured, end-to-end convolutional network and spectral–spatial transformer (CNSST) architecture for HSIC. Our CNSST architecture consists of two essential components: a simple 3D-CNN-based hierarchical feature fusion network and a spectral–spatial transformer that introduces inductive bias information. The former employs a 3D-CNN-based hierarchical feature fusion structure to establish the correlation between spectral and spatial (SAS) information while capturing richer inductive bias and more discriminative local spectral-spatial hierarchical feature information, while the latter aims to establish the global dependency among HSI pixels while enhancing the acquisition of local information by introducing inductive bias information. Specifically, the spectral and inductive bias information is incorporated into the transformer's multi-head self-attention mechanism (MHSA), thus making the attention spectrally aware and location-aware. Furthermore, a Lion optimizer is exploited to boost the classification performance of our newly developed CNSST. Substantial experiments conducted on three publicly accessible hyperspectral datasets unequivocally showcase that our proposed CNSST outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein – with the optimization goals of a lightweight, large-span structure; modularization; and heavy loading – a tapered-section truss module and standard truss module are integrated and assembled, yielding a new design for an all-carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) truss structure. The design structure fully considers the mechanical characteristics of the truss and the requirements of standardized production efficiency, integrating the "fish keel" structural design method to give it a hollow structure style. By fabricating two 1:1 truss structures (A-Truss and B-Truss) with a length of 20.4 m, the conceptual design, modular design method, and integrated assembly technology of the truss structure were effectively verified; further, experimental research on the strength performance of the mold-clave-forming plate-type joint and the axial compression behavior of large-span full CFRP truss structure is carried out. The failure position of the truss structure is determined, and an enhancement measure for the key connection joint between the truss modules is proposed. Based on specific application scenarios, it is clear that the truss meets the design requirements in terms of bearing capacity and deformation, and can be used as the main bearing structure of large aircraft and aerospace assembly platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Two-dimensional (2D) "face-to-face" heterojunctions promote interfacial charge transfer and separation in composite photocatalysts. Here, we report an efficient 2D/2D step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst composed of Bi 2 MoO 6 /Zn 3 V 2 O 8 (BMO/ZVO), which has been designed and prepared via the self-assembly of BMO and ZVO nanoflakes. The heterojunction with an optimized composition of 30% BMO/ZVO showed extended light absorption capacity and enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation on work function and charge density revealed the presence of a built-in electric field at the interface region, which should facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This work showed that it is essential to select two photocatalysts with interlaced band arrangement and to fine-tune the heterojunction interface for the preparation of S-scheme heterojunctions to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing studies lack research on the ductility of steel-reinforced high-strength concrete (SRHC) columns and current specifications restricted the use of high-strength concrete in steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns. To compensate for the shortcomings of the existing research and promote the application of high-strength concrete in SRC structures, we test six SRHC columns and one SRC column to examine the effects of the steel content, eccentric distance, and slenderness ratio on the ductility, bearing capacity, and failure mode of SRHC columns. Further, Abaqus finite element models are established to predict the influences of more parameters on post-peak ductility and analyze the relationship between strain development of the concrete and the decrease in bearing capacity of SRHC columns. The results show that the penetration of cracks into aggregate during failure is the primary reason for the poor ductility of the SRHC columns. Improving the confinement effect of the stirrups on concrete is the most effective measure to enhance the ductility of the SRHC columns. The decline in the stirrup spacing from 100 mm to 50 mm increased the ductility coefficient from 1.47 to 5.56. The effect of the steel content, stirrup strength, and slenderness ratio on the ductility coefficient of SRHC columns is less than 30%. After analyzing the reason for the error of current specifications, a modified formula with an error of less than 5% is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyzed the dynamics mechanical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) under multi‐consecutive temperature scans and establish an evaluation model of storage modulus to facilitate application in high/low temperature. The dynamic mechanical properties of CF/PEEK laminate sheets obtained via hot‐pressing procedure were subjected to a dynamic mechanical cycle test. The micromorphology and microstructure were observed with a scanning electron microscopy. The structural evolution of CF/PEEK and the interface between carbon fiber and PEEK matrix were analyzed. The characteristic variation of storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor are discussed and the damping properties are studied in different temperature ranges. The results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of CF/PEEK were become stabilized after the first temperature scan, while the glass transition temperature remained basically unchanged. The storage modulus of the material increased by 15.8% and the peak value of the loss factor curve increased by 14.4%. Based on the experimental data, an evaluation model of the storage modulus was formulated and validated by the test results obtained to provide an accurately predicting the dynamic mechanical properties of CF/PEEK and expand its engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive function following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is critical to prognosis and quality of life. Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke and is associated with post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). However, the optimal blood pressure parameters after AIS is unknown. This is a sub‐study of the Impairment of CognitiON and Sleep after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in Chinese patients (ICONS) study conducted between August 2015 and March 2018. Cognition was assessed at two‐week (2w), three‐month (3 m), and twelve‐month (12 m) by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A total of 682 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The primary outcome was cognitive changes after 3 and 12 months post stroke. Among 682 participants, the mean age was 59.35 ± 10.40 years and 72.29% were men. PSCI patients with high systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥140 mm Hg) at 3 m not only had worse cognition as evidenced by MoCA scores at 3 m but also predicted worse scores at 12 m. When participants were stratified into cognitively stable/improved (MoCA score ≥0, 2w vs. 12 m) and cognitively impaired (MoCA score ≤‐2, 2w vs. 12 m), those with high SBP were more likely to be cognitively impaired (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.12–4.21, p <.05) and less likely to be cognitively stable/improved (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.44–0.99, p <.05). SBP more than 140 mm Hg is associated with worse cognitive performance after ischemic stroke. Patients with SBP lower than 140 mm Hg have better cognitive outcome at 3‐month and 1 year after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a direct Z -scheme photocatalyst, a two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 (BOC/BOB) heterostructure was fabricated by stacking the ultrathin nanosheets of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 and Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 via a simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis process. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the heterostructure was successfully formed by coupling the ultrathin nanosheets of BOC and BOB. By optimizing the content of BOC, we found that the 30% BOC/BOB composite can exhibit a superior photocatalytic activity (53.2%) for NO x removal under simulated solar light illumination, which is much higher than that of single-phase BOC (20.4%) or BOB (37.9%). The results from trapping experiments and DMPO-ESR spin-trapping measurements demonstrate that both O 2 – and OH are the main active species during the photocatalytic reaction process. According to the DFT calculations, a Z -scheme heterojunction is formed between the BOC and BOB ultrathin nanosheets, in which the photo-induced electrons in BOC are combined with holes in BOB. This process can effectively hinder the recombination of photo-induced charge carriers in the BOC/BOB nanocomposites and resulting in the enhancement of charge separation efficiency. This work may shed light on developing more efficient photocatalysts by designing the 2D/2D Z -scheme heterostructures using ultrathin nanosheets. Unlabelled Image • Comparative experimental and DFT study of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 , Z-scheme heterojunction is performed. • Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 shows significantly enhanced photoatalytic activity for NO removal. • Both OH and O 2 – radical species play the critical role in the photocatalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the mechanical performance of prestressed lightweight aggregate concrete hollow slabs, a symmetric loading test was performed on eight prestressed concrete hollow slabs categorised into four groups based on their variety of coarse aggregate concrete and span, and their respective failure mode, bearing capacity, deformation performance and crack propagation were analysed. Based on the test data, a simulation model was subsequently established to simulate and analyse the test components. The test results showed that the bending process of the prestressed lightweight aggregate concrete hollow slab goes through three stages: elasticity, elasto-plasticity and plasticity. Furthermore, its bearing capacity and failure characteristics are similar to those of a prestressed ordinary concrete hollow slab. Subsequently, we derived a formula for checking the calculation of crack width by introducing a comprehensive influence coefficient of concrete Cm and combining it effectively with the formula in the current code and verified its efficacy. The calculated value of the formula agrees well with the test results, providing a reference for the application of engineering and a supplementary calculation formula for the crack width of lightweight aggregate concrete hollow slabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence shows tau acetylation has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain at early Braak stages and is involved in regulating tau early accumulation. However, the effects of deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) on tau acetylation and its aggregations are unclear.Objective: We studied the effects of Sirt3 on tau acetylation and its aggregations.Methods: We investigated the protein levels of Sirt3 and tangle tau in human postmortem brains slices from AD, mild cognitive impairment, and age- and education-matched cognitively normal subjects, and AD model mice. We also measured tau acetylation levels in hippocampal HT22 cells after Sirt3 knockdown or overexpression.Results: The level of Sirt3 was inversely related with tau protein in brain slices from both human being and AD model mice. Mechanistically, tau acetylation decreased dramatically with Sirt3 overexpression, while tau acetylation increased after Sirt3 knockdown in hippocampal HT22 cells.Conclusions: Sirt3 may play a role in tau acetylation and could be a potential target for novel therapy to alleviate tau accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract (BiO) 2 CO 3 -BiO 2-x -graphene Z-scheme photocatalyst was synthesized as a simulated solar light photocatalyst for the effective removal of NO. Highlights • Comparative experimental and DFT study of (BiO) 2 CO 3 -BiO 2-x -graphene Z-scheme heterojunction is performed. • (BiO) 2 CO 3 -BiO 2-x -graphene shows significantly enhanced photoatalytic activity for NO. • The mechanism was proposed and confirmed by ESR result. Abstract NO removal is one of the most important issues in dealing with air pollution. In this report, Z-scheme (BiO) 2 CO 3 -BiO 2-x -graphene (BOC-BiO 2-x -GR) composite photocatalyst was designed for NO removal under simulated solar light irradiation. Characterizations of physical properties of the ternary composites revealed extended light absorption and high efficient electron-hole separation. Through the optimization of the BiO 2-x content, we observed that the BOC-BiO 2-x (35wt%)-GR composite exhibited superior photocatalytic activities in NO removal as compared to pure BOC, BiO 2-x , and BOC-BiO 2-x binary composites. Detailed microstructural observation showed that the BOC-BiO 2-x heterojunction was formed between BOC (013) and BiO 2-x (111) planes. The density of state (DOS) calculation revealed that due to the different hybridization conditions in the energy bands of BOC and BiO 2-x , the Z-scheme charge transfer should be dominant at the heterojunction interface. The density functional theory (DFT) computation on the Fermi level results confirmed that energy band structure between BOC and BiO 2-x is more in favor of the transfer of photo-generated electrons from CB of BOC to the VB of BiO 2-x , which can be further enhanced by highly conductive GR sheets. The electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments results show that O 2 − and HO were produced during the photocatalytic process, which further provided evidences that the BOC-BiO 2-x (35wt%)-GR composite works as a Z-scheme photocatalyst. This work indicates that Bi-based nanomaterials can be employed as a stable and high efficient solar light active photocatalyst for NO removal in air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ultimate load-carrying capacity tests were carried out on the curved CFRP thin-walled pipe truss. • Linear and non-linear buckling analysis of the structure. • Methods for the introduction of initial geometric imperfections were investigated. • Parametric analysis of the ply orientation was carried out. This paper investigates the stability performance of a large-scale carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) truss used in the keel structure of a stratospheric airship. An ultimate load-bearing test was performed on an approximately 4 m long curved CFRP thin-walled pipe truss, which was reduced to sliding supports at both ends to simulate force conditions in the normal service phase. A modified initial geometric imperfection (GI) simulation method was employed to conduct a linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) buckling analysis of the structure, considering the composite lay-up of the thin-walled pipe. Parametric analysis studies were also conducted to improve simulation accuracy and lightweight design. Results show that the structure exhibits linear behavior under the ultimate load level, with failure occurring at the span position of the lower chord. The FE model predicts the ultimate load capacity and stiffness of the structure accurately, and the parametric analysis reveals the significance of choosing a reasonable imperfection form and amplitude for the FE analysis, as well as the significant effect of ply orientation on structural performance. This study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of CFRP trusses used in the keel structure of stratospheric airships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring is proposed. • A CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring with a diameter of 40.0 m was integrated through modular assembly technology. • The buckling failure position and buckling load of the CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring are determined by a multi-point loading static stability test. • A refined multi-layered shell model based on the combined eigenmode imperfection method is proposed and established. To enhance the hoop stiffness of the rigid-flexible integrated airship, a new large-scale wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring composed of modular carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) standard trusses was designed in this work. Particularly, by using the modular assembly technology, the CFRP stiffening ring with a diameter of 40.0 m was integrated assembly, which verified the feasibility of the proposed structural design method. Based on the applied uniformly distributed load form of the CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring during the flight of the rigid-flexible integrated airship, the standard truss module was subjected to a multi-point loading static stability test through a self-developed loading device, while the in-plane buckling failure position and buckling load of the CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring were also determined. Based on the refined multi-layered shell model, the combined eigenmode imperfection method was used for the nonlinear buckling analysis of the CFRP truss module. The buckling failure mode and the buckling load obtained from the simulation results were in good agreement with the test results. The proposed and verified large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening ring improved the hoop stiffness of the rigid-flexible integrated airship and achieved structural weight reduction and the design goal of the large-scale structure. The refined multi-layered shell model based on the combined eigenmode imperfection method has an important application value and guiding significance for investigating the buckling property of CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped stiffening rings, which provides valuable technical support for the structural design of rigid-flexible integrated airships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the ultra-lightweight, large-span, and heavy-load structural design requirements for the load-bearing structure of next-generation spacecraft, the ultra-lightweight structure design, modular integration technology and joint construction pattern of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) truss structures are systematically studied herein, and an ultra-lightweight full-scale CFRP composite truss structure is proposed. The truss module can be separately designed for structural pattern based on the force characteristics and functional requirements, which enhances the freedom of structural design. Using developed self-equilibrium test equipment, the compression-bending behavior of the two novel 1:1 full-scale CFRP truss structure prototypes with spans of 20.4 m (A-Truss and B-Truss) are experimentally studied. The failure mode of the truss structure is analyzed, the reasons for the failure of the joints are identified, and the corresponding improvement measures for the joint failure position are proposed and verified through tests. The designed ultra-lightweight CFRP truss structure prototype meets four design specifications in terms of bearing capacity and deformation, solving the ultra-lightweight structure design issue of truss structures and realizing the large-span, ultra-lightweight, and heavy-load structural design goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rigid-flexible tensegrity airship structure is proposed through the systematic research and design of the wheel spoke–shaped stiffening ring, carbon fiber–reinforced polymer slender cable, central longitudinal compression truss, and spherical multi-part integration assemblage. This structure aimed to fully utilize the structural performance advantages of a semi-rigid airship and the self-equilibrating characteristics of a tensegrity structure. The design of the spherical multi-part integration assemblage facilitates the rotation of a wheel spoke–shaped stiffening ring and enhances the installation efficiency of longitudinal cables. The tensegrity system is applied to the rigid-flexible integrated airship structure to make the main compression-bearing shaft bear the compressive stress and the longitudinal cables bear the tensile stress, thereby creating a rigid-flexible tensegrity airship structure with the self-equilibrating system. The feasibility of the structural design, component preparation, and integrated assembly technology of the rigid-flexible tensegrity airship has been effectively verified and evaluated by the integral assembly procedure, which ensures the assembly safety and reliability of the airship structure. The rigid-flexible tensegrity airship structure exhibits a clear load transfer path, high stiffness, bearing capacity, and strong shape retention capacity under low pressure conditions, which provides an ideal structural form for the stratospheric airship. • A new modular large-scale CFRP wheel spoke–shaped stiffening ring is proposed. • A CFRP slender cable with a geometric locking end-fitting is designed and developed. • A new type of spherical multi-part integration assemblage is designed to facilitate the installation of longitudinal cables. • Two types of large-span central longitudinal compression trusses are designed and developed. • The tensegrity system is applied to create a rigid-flexible tensegrity airship structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the "light-weight, heavy-load, and large-span" composite truss design goal for the load-bearing structures of large aircraft, the joint construction pattern, modular integration approach, unique connection method for rear connection-rings, and structural design of composite trusses are studied in detail; a novel carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) truss supporting rear connection-ring is proposed. Based on the force characteristics of different section positions and the advantages of different joint types, three different joint types have been adopted: plate-shell-integrated joint (only single-K and double-K patterns), aluminum alloy joints, and butt joints. This can help fully analyze the advantages of different joint types and achieve the optimal design of composite trusses. Each truss module can be designed separately based on the specific functional and usability requirements, which increases the design freedom of the composite truss, and gives the composite truss an aesthetic three-dimensional structure. Based on the unique construction characteristics of the truss ends, axial compression performance tests were carried out on the designed and fabricated 1:1 CFRP truss prototype, with a span of 18.5 m, using specific axial loading equipment. The research results show that the unique connection method of the rear connection-ring achieved uniform load transfer from the rear connection-ring to the truss; the CFRP truss prototype meets two design requirements (bearing capacity ≥ 55.0 kN, axial compression deformation <1/1500), and is particularly suitable for the rear connection-ring to transmit large loads effectively. The proposed novel CFRP truss supporting rear connection-ring has the advantages of efficient structure assemblage, high design freedom, and flexible construction, which meets the design requirements in terms of truss functionality and realizes the "large-span, heavy-load, and light-weight" structural design goal. • A novel carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) truss supporting rear connection-ring is proposed. • The joint construction pattern, modular integration approach, unique connection method, and structural design were effectively verified. • The axial compression behavior of the CFRP truss supporting rear connection-ring is systematically studied. • Three different joints are adopted to leverage the performance advantages of each joint and optimize the overall performance of the composite truss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-free classification methods with single-pixel measuring and deep learning show a capacity for long-duration classification of moving objects. However, motion blur restricts the allowable object motion speed of existing image-free classification methods. Aimed at high-speed rotating objects, we propose an image-free classification approach based on single-pixel measuring at the same spatial position of different rotation cycles to reduce motion blur. The proposed approach allows classifying rotating objects with fluctuating rotation periods to better meet the actual application conditions. We verify the proposed method by classifying the digits placed on a rotating disk. In our experiments, when digits rotate at around 960.9 revolutions per minute, corresponding to 10.06 m/s, the classification accuracy reaches 95.9%. In theory, the allowable speed is determined only by the sampling rate of the single-pixel measurements, which can allow for higher speeds than experimentally achieved. The proposed image-free classification method provides a promising way of monitoring high-speed rotating objects in the engineering field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new modular design scheme for large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped pre-tensioned structures is proposed. • The design scheme of the CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped pre-tensioned structure is verified. • A single-point synchronous graded tensioning method was proposed. • The stiffening ring structure achieves a self-equilibrium at the designed prestress level. The development of large-scale space flight platforms and space vehicles has led to the definition of ultra-lightweight and large-span structural design requirements for backbone structures. Taking the large-scale production, lightweight, modularization, and rapid assembly requirements as the optimization design goals, the modularization technology, connection method, and assembly mode of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) truss structure are studied; leading to the proposal of a new modular design scheme for large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped pre-tensioned structure. Based on the single-point synchronous graded tensioning method, an integrated tension test of the large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped structure is carried out with an integrated tension equipment. The consistency of the strain changed when the upper and lower radial cables was tested, the strain characteristics of the triangular joint frame and the CFRP truss during the push-tensioning process were analyzed, and the overall deformation of the large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped structure was studied. The proposed single-point synchronous graded tensioning method can simply and efficiently perform tensioning consistency in the prestressed cables, and therefore solve the engineering issues of low precision, complex tension application, and assembly difficulties in existing circular multi-point synchronous graded tensioning method. The large-scale modular CFRP wheel-spoke-shaped pre-tensioned structure achieves both structural weight reduction and large-scale structural design goals, while having broad application prospects in various aerospace vehicles and space structures. The proposed modular technology, wheel-spoke structure design scheme, and single-point synchronous graded tensioning method have high a scientific contribution, while providing technical support for the development of new spacecrafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stratospheric airships require a lightweight envelope to contain lighter-than-air (LTA) buoyancy gas, making the lightweight design and pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure a key research issue. This paper proposes a structural design scheme for a sliding poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber-rope-reinforced spherical envelope. The aims were to reduce envelope weight and improve pressure-bearing performance while solving the challenges of envelope structural strength. Two types of spherical envelope structures were constructed from Vectran fabric with PBO rope placed in various positions for reinforcement, and subjected to inflatable burst tests. Strain in the seam tape and envelope gores were measured by digital image correlation. A refined envelope structure model was established to simulate the bursting process with consideration of the cutting pattern effect and the mechanical properties of the weld seams. Comparison of the simulation and test results, combined with observations of the tear textures of damaged envelopes, enabled the determination of failure positions. The envelope material at the failure point was disassembled and the micromorphology and microstructure of the bearing layer were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process and characteristics of damage origination, propagation, and collection in the envelope material are explained, and the stress behavior and state of the damage positions are analyzed. Based on the study of the mechanical behavior at the failure position, design suggestions for PBO-rope-reinforced spherical envelopes are provided. A strength criterion to incorporate tensile–shear coupling is proposed, which bridges the gap between the uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) and biaxial tensile mechanical properties of the envelope structure. • A structural design scheme using a sliding PBO-rope-reinforced airship envelope structure was proposed. • A sliding PBO-rope-reinforced spherical airship envelope structural model was established. • The stress behavior and state of the damage position were analyzed. • Design suggestions for PBO-rope-reinforced spherical envelopes are provided. • A novel idea of incorporating tensile–shear coupling into a strength criterion was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased calcium influx secondary to glutamate induced excitotoxicity initiates and potentiates devastating pathological changes following ischemic stroke. Pertussis toxin (PTx), a Gprotein blocker, is known to suppress intracellular calcium accumulation. We hypothesize that PTx can protect against stroke by blocking calcium influx. In a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model, PTx (1000 ng) was given intraperitoneally 30 min after inducing stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of perfusion and T2-weighted brain scans were obtained to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and infarct volume. Primary neuronal culture was used to test glutamate induced excitotoxicity and calcium influx. We established a non-linear exponential curve model to minimize variations in animal cerebrovasculature. A reduction of 40–60% in relative CBF was a critical window where infarct volume started to increase as rCBF reduced. PTx showed maximal effects in reducing infarct volume at this window. In vitro studies further demonstrated PTx increased neuronal cell survival by decreasing glutamate-induced calcium influx into neurons and preventing neurons from apoptosis. PTx salvages the ischemic penumbra by blocking calcium influx. This provides us a new mechanism upon which experimental therapies can be explored to treat ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) gene is a core gene in the circadian rhythm system that is involved in cancer cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism ofClockgene participate in the cancer cell proliferation is unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that cell proliferation could be regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway (also known as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway), and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway had a relation with the circadian system. To investigate whether theClockgene affects the proliferation of breast cancer cell by regulating the expression ofβ-catenin, we knocked down theClockexpression of mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) by RNA interference. Then detected their proliferation rates using CCK8 assay and the expression of theβ-cateningene by real-time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the proliferation of theClockknocked down 4T1 cells is slower than the control. The expression level ofβ-cateninof these 4T1 cells is reduced. Our study showed thatClockgene knocked down inhibiting the proliferation of the 4T1 cells, probably by suppressing the expression of β-catenin. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Display omitted] • Au deposited surface modified Au-S-SFO were synthesized through GLIP acid treatment. • Surface anchored functional groups –OH, -SO 3 H, and –NH enhanced Au dispersion over SFO. • Photoactivity of Au-S-SFO was enhanced by improved carriers separation and transfer through Au SPR. • CO 2 was efficiently reduced to CO, CH 4 and H 2 of yield rate 11.56, 0.75 and 1.21 μmolg−1h−1 by Au-S-SFO. • Photocatalytic degradation of CTC was>2.5 time than that of pure SFO. The synergy effect of surface modifications using acid treatment and noble metal (Au) deposition on the efficiency of SnFe 2 O 4 (SFO) nano-octahedron photocatalyst has been investigated. Inorganic acids (H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3) were employed to compare the effects of different acids. It has been found that after corrosion treatment using H 2 SO 4 and deposition of Au nanoparticles, SnFe 2 O 4 nano-octahedron (Au-S-SFO) showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under simulated light irradiation. Au-S-SFO was characterized by XRD, XPS, EDS, FTIR, Uv–vis-DRS, SEM, PL and EIS analysis. The mechanism for the photocatalytic chlortetracycline (CTC) degradation and CO 2 reduction was investigated by the scavenger tests. The stability of Au-S-SFO was confirmed by continuously repeated tests followed by XRD and TEM analysis. The surface corrosion treatment of SFO octahedron with H 2 SO 4 could produce hydroxyl group (–OH) and sulfonic acid group (-SO 3 H) as reaction sites. These active sites not only enhanced the Au nanoparticles deposition to the acid treated SFO surface, but also acted as the Brønsted acid sites which enhance the water adsorption and provide protons for CTC degradation and CO 2 reduction. These effects improved the carrier separation and transfer efficiency. In addition, the photocatalytic efficiency was further enhanced by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au nanoparticles deposited on the surface of acid treated SFO. As a result of the synergy effect of both acid treatment and SPR effect from the Au NPs, Au-S-SFO exhibited >2.5 times higher photocatalytic CTC degradation efficiency than pure SFO. Furthermore, Au-S-SFO displayed the highest CO 2 reduction activity with 2.81, 1.92, and 2.69 times higher evolution rate for CO, CH 4 and H 2 , respectively, than that of pure SFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the shortage of land resources have become a serious problem limiting the improvement of social economic development. A recognized better way and a key method to solve the land resource shortage problem, especially for the arable land, is to encourage farmers to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. This paper is based on the study framework of the farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land and the rural survey data of 579 households in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The principal component analysis method and structural equation model are implemented in this the research. Firstly, the principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of indicators. Eight indicators are excluded and eleven indicators are reserved to be utilized as the influence factors in the Structural Equation Model. All the eleven indicators are classified into three kinds of groups. They are household family features, household produce features and household awareness features. Secondly, the Structural Equation Model is applied to analyze the influence factors and the influence direction of farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. The results are as follows: Four indicators in the group of household family characteristics, household per capita income, the distance from county, the total income of the family, and the education degree of the householder, affect the farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land positively. Three indicators in the group of household production characteristics, total agricultural income, farmland area and the number of labor in family, show a positive influence on farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. Four indicators in the group of household awareness characteristics, the awareness of property right, the awareness of behavior, the awareness of welfare, and the awareness of nonagricultural skills, have a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. It could be concluded that famers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land is affected by a variety of factors and that all of the influencing factors have a covariance relationship with each other. The meaning of analyzing the influence factors of farmers' willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land could provide a reference for the development of reasonable rural land quitting policies and mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Chemical investigation of the root of Rosa laevigata led to the isolation of sixteen phenolic compounds, including seven flavonoids (1–7), five condensed tannins (8–12), two stilbenes (13 and 14) and two benzoic acid derivatives (15 and 16). Their structures were identified as (+)-catechin (1), (+)-gallocatechin (2), (2R, 3S, 4S)-cis- leucocyanidin (3), (2R, 3S, 4S)-cis-leucofisetinidin (4), (2S, 3R, 4R)-cis- leucofisetinidin (5), dehydrodicatechin A (6), phloridzin (7), procyanidin B3 (8), fisetinidol-(4α, 8)-catechin (9), guibourtinidol- (4α, 8)-catechin (10), ent- isetinidol -(4α, 6)-catechin (11), fisetinidol-(4β, 8)-catechin (12), (Z)-3-methoxy-5-hydroxy- stilbene (13), (Z)-piceid (14), gallic acid (15) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid- 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Among them, compounds 3–7, 9–14, and 16 were isolated from R. laevigata for the first time, and compounds 3–7, 9, 10, 12–14 and 16 were reported for the first time from the genus Rosa. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

It has been widely studied and demonstrated that circadian rhythm, as well as circadian clock genes, plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes.Period1 (Per1)gene is a core gene in the circadian clock system that is involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis. To verify the role of PER1 on the proliferation of normal cells, we chose NIH3T3 cells to have their PER1 up-regulated by transfecting aPer1expression plasmid and determining their proliferation rates. Previous studies demonstrated that cell migration could be regulated by matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and this MMP2 protein had a relation with the circadian system. To investigate the function of PER1 on tumor cell migration, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were chosen to have their PER1 up-regulated, and the MMP2 level and the migration of LLC cells were tested. Our study showed that PER1 overexpression led to MMP2 down regulation in both NIH3T3 and CCL cells and inhibited the proliferation rate in NIH3T3. Migration of LLC cells could also be suppressed by the overexpression of PER1, probably by the down-regulation effect of PER1 on MMP2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A FPGA-based real-time digital pulse shape discriminator has been employed to distinguish between neutrons (n) and gammas (γ) in the Neutron Flux Monitor (NFM) for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The discriminator takes advantages of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) parallel and pipeline process capabilities to carry out the real-time sifting of neutrons in n/γ mixed radiation fields, and uses the rise time and amplitude inspection techniques simultaneously as the discrimination algorithm to observe good n/γ separation. Some experimental results have been presented which show that this discriminator can realize the anticipated goals of NFM perfectly with its excellent discrimination quality and zero dead time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • V 2 O 5 /ZnV 2 O 6 heterojunction was in-situ synthesized using a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. • The heterostructure significantly enhanced the photoreduction of CO 2 to CO. • The mechanism for highly selective conversion of CO 2 to CO were proposed. • The CO 2 conversion pathways and intermediate species were explored by DFT calculation. • Photocatalytic mechanism of type-II heterojunction was unveiled based on the experiments and DFT calculations. The photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to chemical fuel is an important part of artificial photosynthesis, and a promising solution to utilize solar energy for sustainable energy generation. In this study, V 2 O 5 /ZnV 2 O 6 nanosheet heterojunctions were in-situ synthesized using a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The in-situ preparation is expected to generate intimate interfaces between these two materials, which can maximize the charge transfer and separation efficiency. Our results showed that V 2 O 5 /ZnV 2 O 6 nanocomposites prepared at calcination temperature of 400 °C exhibits the most enhancement in electrochemical properties (photocurrent, EIS, etc), which results in 2.2 and 1.9 times improvement in the CO production rate from CO 2 photoreduction as compared to V 2 O 5 and ZnV 2 O 6 , respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic property is also supported from the theoretical calculation, showing charge transfer at the interface from ZnV 2 O 6 to V 2 O 5 , enhanced CO 2 adsorption at the V 2 O 5 /ZnV 2 O 6 surface, and preferred CO product selectivity. This work indicated that the Vanadium-based close-contacted heterojunctions can be a promising photocatalysts in the environmental and energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common type of brain injury in preterm infants, in which, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are predominantly damaged. In this study, human OPCs (hOPCs) were administered to a fetal goat model of PWMI to examine the differentiation potential and therapeutic effects of the cells on PWMI. Methods: Preterm goat fetuses were subjected to hypoxic‐ischemia (HI) via intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (5 min × 5). Twenty million hOPCs were administered via a nasal catheter 12 h after an HI insult, and brain tissues were collected 14 or 21 days after the HI insult. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) were detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. The percentage of myelinated nerve fibers and g‐ratio were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Inflammatory cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory and neurotrophic factors were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Our results showed that intermittent umbilical cord occlusion induced PWMI in fetal goats. Transplanted hOPCs can survive in periventricular and subcortical white matter. Further, transplanted hOPCs expressed markers of mature oligodendrocytes (MBP and MAG) and few cells expressed markers of preoligodendrocytes (NG2 and A2B5), suggesting that these cells can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in the brain. In addition, hOPCs administration increased MBP and MAG levels, percentage of myelinated nerve fibers, and thickness of the myelin sheath, indicating a reduction in PWMI. Furthermore, hOPCs did not increase the inflammatory response after HI. Interestingly, hOPC administration decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and increased glial‐derived neurotrophic factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels after HI, suggesting that additional mechanisms mediate the inflammatory microenvironment and neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: Exogenous hOPCs can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in fetal goats and alleviate HI‐induced PWMI. Transplantation of hOPCs is a promising strategy for treating PWMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The bearing capacity of LAC-CC composite beams can be designed according to the plane-section assumption. • The cracking moment formula applicable to LAC-CC composite beams was proposed. • The applicability of the method for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of conventional concrete beams in GB50010-2010 was verified. • The formulas for average crack spacing and average crack width were derived. This study explores the flexural behavior of precast, prestressed, lightweight aggregate concrete-conventional concrete composite beams. Ten specimens were tested with consideration of the height of the combined interface, the reinforcement ratio, and the location of the lightweight-aggregate concrete. Failure modes, bearing capacities, deformation characteristics, and crack widths were observed, and the influences of various parameters on flexural performance are discussed. The results show that the bending process of lightweight aggregate concrete-conventional concrete composite beams is similar to that of conventional concrete beams. There is no slip failure at the combined interface, the flexural capacity of a lightweight aggregate concrete-conventional concrete composite beam can be calculated based on the plane-section assumption. Considering the proportion of lightweight-aggregate concrete in the lightweight aggregate concrete-conventional concrete composite beam and combined with the cracking moment calculation formula in GB50010-2010, a cracking moment formula applicable to lightweight aggregate concrete-conventional concrete composite beams is proposed. The applicability of the method for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of conventional concrete beams in GB50010-2010 is verified. Based on regression analysis of test data and the introduction of a comprehensive coefficient of influence C m , formulas for average crack spacing and average crack width are derived, which lays a theoretical foundation for further engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The flexural tests comprised an elastic stage, a working stage with cracks, and a plastic stage, and the plane-section assumption remains applicable for PRC beams and PBFRC beams. • Formulas for calculating flexural bearing capacity and maximum crack width in PRC beams were derived. This lays a theoretical foundation for the application of PRC beams. • Formulas for calculating bearing capacity and crack width in PBFRC beams were proposed. This provides a simple and feasible method for calculating bearing capacity and crack width in PBFRC beams. • A volumetric basalt fiber dosage of 0.2–0.25% is suggested as optimal for improving the structural strength and safety of recycled concrete structures. This study investigated the influences of volumetric basalt fiber dosage and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate on the flexural performance of unbonded prestressed basalt fiber recycled concrete beams. A symmetric loading test was conducted on nine specimens based on their variety of volumetric basalt fiber dosages and aggregate replacement rates. Failure modes, bearing capacities, deformation characteristics, and crack widths were observed, and the influences of volumetric basalt fiber dosage and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate on flexural performance are discussed. The bending process of unbonded prestressed recycled concrete beams and unbonded prestressed basalt fiber recycled concrete beams exhibits an elastic stage, a cracking stage, and a failure stage, which is similar to that of conventional unbonded prestressed concrete beams. The addition of basalt fiber can effectively enhance the adhesion between mortar and recycled coarse aggregate, inhibiting crack development, increasing the cracking load, and enhancing ductility. After verifying the applicability of plane-section assumptions via testing, and referring to methods for calculating the bearing capacity of unbonded prestressed conventional concrete beams, formulas for calculating the flexural capacity and maximum crack width of unbonded prestressed recycled concrete beams and unbonded prestressed basalt fiber recycled concrete beams were established. These provide a simple and feasible method for the calculation of flexural capacity and crack width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi0 nanoparticles-loaded on Bi3+-doped ZnWO 4 (Bi/ZBWO) nanorods are prepared by a two-step hydrothermal-solvothermal method. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy results show the formation of oxygen vacancies resulted from Bi3+ doping in the Bi3+-doped ZnWO 4 (ZBWO). The as-prepared samples are applied in photo-oxidation removal of NO under simulated sunlight and vis-light irradiation. Among the samples, Bi/ZBWO exhibits the best photocatalytic performance than pure ZWO, ZBWO, and Bi0-loaded ZnWO 4 (Bi/ZWO). The NO removal efficiency of Bi/ZBWO reaches about 55.29% and 11.7% under simulated sunlight and visible light irradiation, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Bi/ZBWO composite is attributed to the synergistic effect of the strong visible light absorption, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the high separation efficiency of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs. The results from the trapping tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra conclude that both the •O 2 − and •OH radicals are the main active species for the photocatalytic process. Image 1 • Bi0/Bi3+-ZnWO 4 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by chemical method. • Oxygen vacancies were formed by Bi3+ doping in the Bi0/Bi3+-ZnWO 4 sample. • Bi0/Bi3+-ZnWO 4 shows efficient photocatalytic activity for NO oxidation removal. •.•OH and •O 2 − radical species play the most critical role in the photocatalytic process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical n-Bi 12 TiO 20 @p-BiOI core–shell heterojunction was fabricated and exhibited high photocatalytic activity for NO removal. [Display omitted] Bismuth titanate (Bi 12 TiO 20) with unique sillenite structure has been shown to be an excellent photocatalyst for environmental remediation. However, the narrow light-responsive range and rapid recombination of photoinduced electrons-holes limit the photocatalytic performance of Bi 12 TiO 20. To overcome the limitations, a practical and feasible way is to fabricate heterojunctions by combining Bi 12 TiO 20 with suitable photocatalysts. Here, using a facile chemical precipitation method, a novel and hierarchical core–shell structure of n-Bi 12 TiO 20 @p-BiOI (BTO@BiOI) heterojunction was rationally designed and synthesized by loading BiOI nanosheets on BTO nanofibers. The constructed BTO@BiOI composites exhibited significant charge transfer ability due to the synergistic effects of the built-in electric field between BTO and BiOI as well as close interfacial contacts. In addition, the narrow bandgap characteristics of the BiOI led to wide light absorption ranges. Therefore, the BTO@BiOI heterojunction exhibited an improved photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. The NO removal efficiency of optimal BTO@BiOI was 45.7%, which was significantly higher compared to that of pure BTO (3.6%) or BiOI (23.1%). Moreover, the cycling experiment revealed that BTO@BiOI composite has a good stability and reusability. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic NO oxidation over BTO@BiOI was investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary mixed valent bismuth oxides (Bi 2 O 4 -Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x) with rich oxygen vacancy acting as electron mediator have been successfully prepared through one-pot hydrothermal strategy, which demonstrates greatly improved UV, visible, and near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photocatalytic performance for photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA). • Bi 2 O 4 -Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x with rich oxygen vacancy photocatalyst was fabricated. • Bi 2 O 4 -Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x revealed enhanced full spectrum driven photocatalytic activity. • A full spectrum photocatalytic mechanism was proposed by experiments and DFT study. To fully utilize the solar light, photocatalyst with broad spectrum response from UV to near-infrared (NIR) is desirable. In this work, ternary mixed valent Bi 2 O 4 -Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x with rich oxygen vacancy has been synthesized through one-pot hydrothermal treatment of NaBiO 3. The results showed that through adjusting the hydrothermal conditions, oxygen vacancy-rich Bi 2 O 4 -Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x nanocomposites with much higher efficiency than single or mixed bismuth oxides (Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 4 O 7 , BiO 2-x and Bi 4 O 7 -BiO 2-x ,) can be synthesized for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under UV, visible, and NIR light irradiation. In addition, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC–MS) characterization demonstrated that BPA was oxidized to 4-isopropenyphenol first and the rings were opened sequentially under NIR light irradiation. Further detection of reactive species indicated that holes, O 2 −, and OH were the main oxidizing species in the degradation system. The experimental observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that both type-II and the Z-scheme charge transfer with oxygen vacancies as electrons and holes mediators were formed at the interfaces of Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 4 O 7 , and BiO 2-x , resulting in a very efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers in the composite. This work adds to the growing potential of mixed valent bismuth oxides based photocatalysts and is expected to accelerate the pace of the development of new-generation photocatalysts with high efficiency utilizing full-spectrum solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) ovarian injection in improving ovarian function in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients has been shown in some reports. However, the safety and efficacy of hAMSC vein injection remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of hAMSC intravenous injection in cynomolgus macaques and SD rats and provided evidence for clinical trials. The hAMSCs were transplanted three times in SD rats at low, medium, and high doses. The animal behavior and biochemical and biophysical parameters were routinely monitored on a 2-month period posttransplantation, and histopathologic examinations were also performed. Experiments on the acute toxicity, allergy test, and hemolysis test showed that hAMSCs possess good biocompatibility. Our results showed that the maximum tolerated dose of hAMSCs in SD rats was 4.0 × 107 cells/kg. The maximum safe dose with three injections of hAMSCs in SD rats was 5.0 × 106 cells/kg. In addition, the results demonstrated that hAMSCs may restore POI rat ovarian function after two injections of 2.5 × 106 cells/kg or 5.0 × 106 cells/kg, which improved the disturbed estrous cycle, hormone levels, and ovarian lesions induced by pZP3. In conclusion, the preclinical results suggested that the transplantation of hAMSCs may be safe and efficacious for SD rats at doses of 5.0 × 106 cells/kg and lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate glymphatic function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and to explore the associations between DTI-ALPS index and perivascular space (PVS) volume, as well as between DTI-ALPS index and cognitive function. Methods: Thirty patients with PET-CT-confirmed AD (15 AD dementia; 15 mild cognitive impairment due to AD) and 26 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls (NCs) were included in this study. All participants underwent neurological MRI and cognitive assessments. Bilateral DTI-ALPS indices were calculated. PVS volume fractions were quantitatively measured at three locations: basal ganglia (BG), centrum semiovale, and lateral ventricle body level. DTI-ALPS index and PVS volume fractions were compared among three groups; correlations among the DTI-ALPS index, PVS volume fraction, and cognitive scales were analyzed. Results: Patients with AD dementia showed a significantly lower DTI-ALPS index in the whole brain (p = 0.009) and in the left hemisphere (p = 0.012) compared with NCs. The BG-PVS volume fraction in patients with AD was significantly larger than the fraction in NCs (p = 0.045); it was also negatively correlated with the DTI-ALPS index (r = − 0.433, p = 0.021). Lower DTI-ALPS index was correlated with worse performance in the Boston Naming Test (β = 0.515, p = 0.008), Trail Making Test A (β = − 0.391, p = 0.048), and Digit Span Test (β = 0.408, p = 0.038). Conclusions: The lower DTI-ALPS index was found in patients with AD dementia, which may suggest impaired glymphatic system function. DTI-ALPS index was correlated with BG-PVS enlargement and worse cognitive performance in certain cognitive domains. Clinical relevance statement: Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index may be applied as a useful indicator to evaluate the glymphatic system function. The impaired glymphatic system in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia may provide a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of AD. Key Points: • Patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia displayed a lower diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, possibly indicating glymphatic impairment. • A lower DTI-ALPS index was associated with the enlargement of perivascular space and cognitive impairment. • DTI-ALPS index could be a promising biomarker of the glymphatic system in Alzheimer's disease dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The same series of catalysts not only could evolution H 2 but also investigate selective catalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to generate corresponding aromatic aldehydes. • The catalysts procedure of synthesized is simple and economic. • The versatility of catalysts was proved in H 2 evolution reaction & selective oxidation. • The experimental results were confirmed by theoretical calculations and ESR. • Ni doping can effectively promote improve photocatalytic efficiency. Bimetallic Sulfides, a series of versatile catalysts, are still hampered from putting into practical application due to the issue of the recombination of photogenerated charges. In this work, in order to enhance the light harvesting ability as well as ameliorate the separation and transportation of photo-induced charges at the same time, Ni ion was adopted to modify Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S catalyst. The subsequent photocatalytic water splitting tests showed that the H 2 evolution rate over Ni doped Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S was 6 times higher than that achieved on the prestine Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, indicating a significant enhancement in catalytic activity. Furthermore, the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol was also performed by the as-prepared catalysts under visible light irradiation. When 1% Ni ions were doped in Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S solid solution, the yield of product benzaldehyde was increased from 70% to 92%. The photoelectrochemical test suggests that the improved photocatalytic performance is presumably ascribed to the efficient separation of photo-generated carriers. Additionally, DOS calculation confirms the contribution of the improved light harvesting ability of Ni-doped Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S in the photocatalytic reaction. In all, this work presents that doping Ni into ZnS/CdS solid solution is a very useful technique to improve photocatalytic activity for two typical photocatalytic reactions-the H 2 evolution and alcohol selective oxidation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most crucial and intrinsic characteristics of structural systems, modal analysis has received considerable attention in aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering. A traditional approach of modal identification involves linear perturbation of the solid structure alone. However, the modal behaviors of flexible stratospheric airships are greatly influenced by surrounding air and prestress, and the accurate modal identification remains a challenge. In this paper, the modal characteristics of a scaling stratospheric airship in still air are thoroughly investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The 3D testing comprehensively revealed the full-field modal characteristics, while the 1D testing served as a supplement and validation for the frequency results. The global vibration contours stitched by four regions indicate that the first four modes of the airship under 2∼10 kPa pressure are all breathing modes. Furthermore, a refined fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model based on the potential fluid theory was built with ADINA software. It is found that the numerical model can give satisfactory results for the first mode with a 1.05% error, but errors for higher-order modes may exceed 10%. Besides, the air domain significantly decreases the modal frequency of the airship. The maximum error of the first-order frequency neglecting the air amounts to 32.25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Discrepancies in diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may arise from racial disparities, risk factors, or lifestyle differences. Moreover, there has been a lack of systematic and multicenter studies to evaluate baselines of the AD biomarkers in Chinese populations. Thus, there is an urgent need for research to investigate the effectiveness of blood biomarkers for AD, specifically in the Chinese Han population, using a multicenter approach. In the present multicenter-based cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we evaluated 817 blood samples from 6 different clinical centers. We measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)-40, Aβ42, phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau), total tau (tTau), serum neurofilament light (NFL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Additionally, 18F-florbetapir positron electron tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were also performed. A combination of the APOE genotype with plasma pTau and serum GFAP demonstrated exceptional performance in distinguishing Aβ status. Furthermore, baseline GFAP levels exhibited a strong association with cognitive decline over time and brain atrophy, with higher GFAP levels predicting a faster rate of neurodegeneration. In summary, these results validate the practicality of blood biomarkers in the Chinese Han population, encompassing various regions within China. Additionally, they emphasize the potential of pTau and GFAP as non-invasive methods for detecting and screening AD at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between income and post-stroke cognition at 3 months, and the underlying neuroanatomical mechanism. Methods: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled and analyzed. Baseline information on income and neuroimaging measurements with predictive values for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were collected within 7 days of the admission. Three months after the index stroke, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological test battery. The associations between income and PSCI and between income and brain structural measurements were investigated. Results: A total of 294 patients were recruited for this study. Lower income was independently associated with poor cognitive performance on Stroop tests, Clinical Dementia Rating, Boston Naming Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. Regarding neuroimaging parameters, lower income was associated with a lower total brain volume (TBV)/total intracranial volume (TICV) ratio (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Lower income is associated with an increased chance of post-stroke cognitive decline, particularly in executive function and language domains. Since global brain atrophy (measured by TBV/TICV ratio) is a strong predictor for PSCI, its correlation with income may help explain the neuroanatomical mechanism between income and post-stroke cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the experimental results of structural parameters measurement of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) by the use of digital holographic microtomography. First, digital holography (DH) in microscopy configuration is used to record complex transmitted fields under various angles of incidence, and then the Fourier diffraction tomography algorithm is applied to reconstruct the 3-D refractive index (RI) distribution of the PMF. According to the 3-D map of RI, we can further get geometric parameters of the PMF by the related edge detection algorithm of image processing. The experimental results show that, the diffraction tomography algorithm is superior to the reconstruction algorithm based on Fourier slice theorem in terms of exhibiting reasonable RI distribution and respecting the dimensions of the PMF. It provides a new way for the non-destructive micromeasurement of the PMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of cognitive impairment is increasing with an aging population. Developing effective strategies is essential to prevent dementia. Higher education level is associated with better baseline cognitive performance, and reading activities can slow down cognitive decline. However, it is unclear whether education and reading activities are synergistic or independent contributors to cognitive performance. Methods: This was a sub-study of an ongoing prospective community cohort of China National Clinical Research Center Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research (CANDOR). Demographic and clinical information, educational levels, and reading activities were collected. All participants finished neuropsychological testing batteries and brain MRIs. We analyzed cognitive performance and brain structures with education and reading activities. Results: Four hundred fifty-nine subjectively cognitively normal participants were enrolled in the study. One hundred sixty-nine (36.82%) of them had regular reading activities. Participants in the reading group had better performance in all cognitive tests compared with those in the non-reading group, but no difference in brain MRI variables. Participants with higher education levels (more than 13 years) had better cognitive performance and higher hippocampal volumes. In low education groups (less than 12 years), more reading activities were associated with better cognitive test scores. Conclusions: Both education and reading activities are important and synergistic for baseline cognitive function. Higher education level is associated with larger hippocampal volumes. Education may stimulate the growth and development of the hippocampus. Reading activities help to maintain and improve cognitive function in people with low levels of education. Trial registration: NCT04320368. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glial cells are the most abundant and widely distributed cells that maintain cerebral homeostasis in the central nervous system. They mainly include microglia, astrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Moreover, glial cells may induce pathological changes, such as inflammatory responses, demyelination, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier, to regulate the occurrence and development of neurological diseases through various molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA m6A modifications are involved in various pathological processes associated with glial cells. In this review, the roles of glial cells in physiological and pathological states, as well as advances in understanding the mechanisms by which glial cells regulate neurological diseases under RNA m6A modification, are summarized, hoping to provide new perspectives on the deeper mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst is constructed. • g-C 3 N 4 /BiOI heterojunction improves charge separation and light absorption. • MQDs further promote charge transfer and increase active sites. • NO deep oxidation and CO 2 reduction abilities are substantially enhanced. • The ternary photocatalyst shows good cycling stability. The photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 is greatly limited by the severe charge recombination due to its s-triazine unit structure. Hence, enhancing the separation of photogenerated carriers is the pivotal factor for high-efficiency photocatalysis of g-C 3 N 4. In this work, we construct a MXene quantum dots (MQDs) decorated BiOI/g-C 3 N 4 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst. The interfacial charge separation and transfer are substantially promoted, due to the synergistic effect of the internal electric field (IEF) of BiOI/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction and strong electron-withdrawing capability of MQDs. Furthermore, the introduction of BiOI with a low band gap and MQDs with large specific areas and rich surface terminals lead to enhanced light absorption and active sites. As a result, the ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst achieves a much higher NO removal rate of 42.23 % and discharges less NO 2 intermediate than the individual and binary ones. Meanwhile, the g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst also exhibits the most effective CO 2 photoreduction, with a CO production rate of 57.8 μmol·g−1·h−1 and a CH 4 production rate of 3.6 μmol·g−1·h−1, surpassing all other photocatalysts in this study. In addition, the designed composite photocatalyst shows remarkable stability. The photocatalytic mechanisms are studied by the trapping experiment and in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra. This work paves a new avenue for enhancing charge separation and thus improving performances of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts by integrating a p-n heterojunction and a co-catalyst, which would accelerate commercial deployment of emerging photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst is constructed. • g-C 3 N 4 /BiOI heterojunction improves charge separation and light absorption. • MQDs further promote charge transfer and increase active sites. • NO deep oxidation and CO 2 reduction abilities are substantially enhanced. • The ternary photocatalyst shows good cycling stability. The photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 is greatly limited by the severe charge recombination due to its s-triazine unit structure. Hence, enhancing the separation of photogenerated carriers is the pivotal factor for high-efficiency photocatalysis of g-C 3 N 4. In this work, we construct a MXene quantum dots (MQDs) decorated BiOI/g-C 3 N 4 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst. The interfacial charge separation and transfer are substantially promoted, due to the synergistic effect of the internal electric field (IEF) of BiOI/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction and strong electron-withdrawing capability of MQDs. Furthermore, the introduction of BiOI with a low band gap and MQDs with large specific areas and rich surface terminals lead to enhanced light absorption and active sites. As a result, the ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst achieves a much higher NO removal rate of 42.23 % and discharges less NO 2 intermediate than the individual and binary ones. Meanwhile, the g-C 3 N 4 /MQDs/BiOI photocatalyst also exhibits the most effective CO 2 photoreduction, with a CO production rate of 57.8 μmol·g−1·h−1 and a CH 4 production rate of 3.6 μmol·g−1·h−1, surpassing all other photocatalysts in this study. In addition, the designed composite photocatalyst shows remarkable stability. The photocatalytic mechanisms are studied by the trapping experiment and in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra. This work paves a new avenue for enhancing charge separation and thus improving performances of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts by integrating a p-n heterojunction and a co-catalyst, which would accelerate commercial deployment of emerging photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]