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This comprehensive review provides an extensive analysis of ion adsorption, nucleation, and growth behaviors at the anode interface, aiming to enhance understanding of the zinc ion deposition process in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Furthermore, it investigates the associated side reactions and effective strategies for interface manipulation, and discusses key issues and standards for evaluating effectiveness in detail. [Display omitted] The deployment of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) in grid energy storage systems has gained escalating prominence and sparked significant interest. Despite considerable efforts devoted to improving the stability and reversibility of anode interface, it is necessary to remain vigilant regarding inherent flaws in electrolytes and zinc anodes that may be hidden beneath the facade of prosperity. To eliminate the notorious anode issues of dendrite formation and side reactions, a comprehensive understanding of the zinc directional deposition process is of significant importance. Devising targeted strategies based on fundamental mechanisms leads to prominent advancements and transformative leaps forward. Therefore, this review delves into ion adsorption, nucleation mechanism, and growth behavior during directional deposition, providing insights into the reasons behind the unstable anode interface. A summary of research progress on interface manipulation and viable evaluation standard protocols is discussed, which will enable the impact of aqueous ZIBs to be properly assessed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of Zn, despite many of its performance advantages (e.g., high theoretical capacity and low redox potential), are compromised by severe side reactions and Zn dendrite growth in aqueous electrolytes, due to the coordinated H2O within the Zn2+‐solvation sheath and reactive free water in the bulk electrolyte. Unlike most efforts focused on costly super‐concentrated electrolytes and single additive species, a universal strategy is proposed to boost Zn reversibility in dilute electrolytes via adding carbonyl‐containing organic solvents. Based on experimental investigations and multiscale simulations, the representative electrolyte with a N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone polar additive is proved to assist in structural reshaping of Zn2+‐solvation and stabilizing the hydrogen bond network of water. This synergy is instrumental in contributing to suppressed water‐induced parasitic reactions and dendrite formation, which enables high average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 1000 cycles in an Zn/Cu asymmetric cell, and an ultralong cycling lifespan of 2000 cycles with 99.4% capacity retention in a Zn/VS2@SS full cell. Even with an elevated cathodic mass loading (up to 9.5 mg cm‐2), the cycling stability is still maintained. The proposed strategy provides new insight into electrolyte additive design and sheds light on high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte additives, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, organic carbonyl compounds, solvation structure regulation, zinc-ion batteries A Universal Additive Strategy to Reshape Electrolyte Solvation Structure toward Reversible Zn Storage (Adv. Keywords: electrolyte additives; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; organic carbonyl compounds; solvation structure regulation; zinc-ion batteries EN electrolyte additives N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone organic carbonyl compounds solvation structure regulation zinc-ion batteries 1 1 1 04/25/22 20220421 NES 220421 B Solvation Structure Regulation b In article number 2103231, Hui Ying Yang and co-workers focus on a universal strategy to reshape zinc solvation structures via introducing carbonyl-containing polar organic solvents. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The study aim was to explore the role of DEK in tumor progression and prognostic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology: DEK protein in 178 samples of HCC was evaluated by immunohistochemical method. Additionally, the correlation between DEK expression and the clinicopathological features was evaluated by χ² test or Fisher's exact test, the survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship between prognostic factors and patient survival was also by the Cox analysis. Results: DEK protein expression was noted in 86 cases of HCC, and 61 cases of normal liver tissues. DEK positive rate were closely correlated with the tumor size, grade, AJCC stage and survival rate (P < 0.05, respectively). HCC with large tumor, lower grade, and late-stage, concomitant with DEK expression, had the lowest 5-years survival rate than HCC with above factors but without DEK expression (P < 0.01, respectively). DEK expression emerged as significant independent hazard factors for survival in HCC (P < 0.01). Conclusions: DEK could promote aggressiveness of cancer behavior, and hence poor prognosis of the HCC. It might be an independent poor prognostic factor and can serve as a useful new therapeutic biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the substantial progress in cathode materials in the past few years, rechargeable zinc batteries (RZBs) are plagued by rapid performance degradation due to dendrite formation and notorious side reactions at the Zn anode side. Here, an optimized hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) system containing methylsulfonylmethane, zinc perchlorate, and water, in which an organic ligand coordinated the solvation shell of Zn ions with water molecules constituting the eutectic network, is proposed. Compared to common aqueous solutions, this HEE system is proven effective in promoting the smooth Zn deposition and plating/stripping reversibility as well as suppressing side reactions. The vanadium‐based zinc batteries based on this new HEE exhibit exceptionally high‐capacity retention (≈100% retention even after 1600 cycles at a relatively small current density of 1000 mA g−1). This study offers a new type of electrolyte for RZBs and a deep understanding of the effect of Zn2+ solvent sheath structure on the cycle reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. A seroepidemiological study of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection was conducted in Japan, where HEV infection is not considered endemic. Methods. IgG and IgM class antibodies to HEV were measured with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which recombinant virus-like particles were used as an antigen. A total of 1253 individuals (401 males and 852 females; age range, 6-89 years) were enrolled from two different areas: area 1 (n = 478), in which hepatitis C was endemic; and area 2 (n = 775), in which it was not endemic. Results. The HEV antibody (IgG class) positive rate was 6.7% in area 1 and 4.6% in area 2. Similarly, the HAV antibody (IgG class) positive rates were 65.3% and 72.3%. The age- and sex-specific prevalence of both HAV and HEV antibodies was quite similar in the two areas, and the HAV antibody positive rate clearly increased with age in both males and females. On the other hand, the HEV antibody positive rate showed a slight tendency to increase with age in males, but not in females. None of the 32 individuals with the HEV antibody who were interviewed had a history of visiting countries in which hepatitis E was endemic. In both areas, the mean age, percentage of males, and HAV antibody positive rate were significantly higher in the group of individuals with the HEV antibody than in the group of those without it, according to conventional statistical analyses. Of the three factors age, male sex, presence of HAV antibody, and the area factor, only male sex was statistically significant (P < 0.001) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Two (0.2%) of the total of 1253 individuals were positive for the IgM class antibody to HEV.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted intensive attention due to the low cost, high safety, and abundant resources. However, up to date, challenges still exist in searching for cathode materials with high working potential, excellent electrochemical activity, and good structural stability. To address these challenges, microstructure engineering has been widely investigated to modulate the physical properties of cathode materials, and thus boosts the electrochemical performances of ZIBs. Here, the recent research efforts on the microstructural engineering of various ZIB cathode materials are mainly focused upon, including composition and crystal structure selection, crystal defect engineering, interlayer engineering, and morphology design. The dependency of cathode performance on aqueous electrolyte for ZIB is further discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges on microstructure engineering of cathode materials for ZIBs are provided. It is aimed to provide a deep understanding of the microstructure engineering effect on Zn2+ storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]