Search

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc (Polygonaceae), the root of which is included in the Chinese Pharmcopoeia under the name 'Huzhang', has a long history as a medicinal plant and vegetable. Polygonum cuspidatum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia, etc. This article reviews the pharmacological action and the clinical applications of Polygonum cuspidatum and its extracts, whether in vivo or in vitro. We also summarized the main phytochemical constituents and pharmacokinetics of Polygonum cuspidatum and its extracts. The data were retrieved from major medical databases, such as CNKI, PubMed, and SinoMed, from 2014 to 2022. Polygonum cuspidatum, pharmacology, toxicity, clinical application, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords. The rhizomes, leaves, and flowers of Polygonum cuspidatum have different phytochemical constituents. The plant contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, and stilbenes. Polygonum cuspidatum and the extracts have anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anticancer, heart protection, and other pharmacological effects. It is used in the clinics to treat dizziness, headaches, traumatic injuries, and water and fire burns. Polygonum cuspidatum has the potential to treat many diseases, such as arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cardiac hypertrophy. It has a broad range of medicinal applications, but mainly focused on root medication; its aerial parts should receive more attention. Pharmacokinetics also need to be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Online education has become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its potential for breaking down environmental, geographic, time, and space constraints, many scholars have found that online education still has much room for development. Online physical education, and especially dance education, face challenges due to the high demands of physical interactions and safety requirements. However, only a few scholars have explored the psychological motivations in the context of higher education dance students. Therefore, this study enriches this stream of literature by investigating the motivations of students' intention to use online dance learning.Methods: Structural equation modeling is performed in this study. Empirical data were collected from China to examine the relationship between constructs. This study uses self-determination theory to build a theoretical framework and deeply explore the psychological factors that affect students' attitudes and behavior towards online dance learning. Based on self-determination theory and perceived value theory, the study investigates the interrelationships among the seven latent structures: perceived autonomy on flexibility, perceived online class arrangement competence, perceived usage competence, perceived relatedness with instructors, attitudes, perceived value, and intention to use online dance education.Results: The structural equation modelling results indicate that perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relatedness have a positive influence on attitudes, and attitudes have a positive influence on perceived value and the intention to use online dance education. All hypotheses proposed in the theoretical framework are supported by the empirical data analysis.Discussion: This study extends the self-determination theory to the online dance education context, providing a new perspective for understanding students' motivation to use online dance classes. The research results also provide theoretical support and management inspiration for the sustainable development of art and physical higher education, particularly online dance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three supramolecular structures are obtained by anchoring POMs to POMOFs. • These supramolecular showcase diverse Li+ storage and transmission channels. • The semi-encapsulated channel demonstrating remarkable electrochemical performance. • The supramolecular architecture facilitates the uniform dispersion of POMs. • POMOFs present active N and S sites, enhancing the adsorption for Li+. Polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted considerable attention in research due to their efficient multi-electron collection and distribution capabilities. Overcoming the challenges associated with their practical application as anodes in Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) involves not only preventing POM dissolution in the electrolyte from the anode but also effectively utilizing their multi-electron storage and conversion properties. Three unique supramolecular frameworks have been successfully designed and synthesized, featuring customized channels optimized for LIBs. Particularly, the semi-encapsulated supramolecular structures, which demonstrate exceptional charge/discharge cycling performance and cycling rate capabilities compared to other configurations. Three distinct supramolecular frameworks have been successfully designed and synthesized, each featuring a tailored array of channels specifically optimized for Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs). Of particular significance is the incorporation of "electron sponge" Polyoxometalates (POMs) within these structures, showcasing a diverse array of electrochemical properties influenced by structural nuances. These include the formation of electron bridges with metals and interactions with the sulfur active sites present in organic ligands. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherent characteristics of abundant, stable, and swift electron transfer make polyoxometalates (POMs) exceptionally suitable for utilization in energy storage applications, particularly in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). By immobilizing POMs within metal-organic frameworks, Ag-BTBA-POM was synthesized to address the challenges associated with the low electronic conductivity and solubility of POMs. To enhance the electronic conductivity of POMOFs crystals further, CNT@Ag-BTBA-POM was developed. This carbon composite material exhibits exceptional cyclic stability and electrochemical characteristics, with the discharge specific capacity stabilizing at around 730 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles. A metal-organic framework constructed from polyoxometalates with an interpenetrating structure, along with its carbon nanotube-coated derivatives, showcasing remarkable lithium ion storage capabilities. [Display omitted] • POMOFs furnish a steadfast conduit for swift lithium ion migration, ensuring utmost structural integrity and stability. • By encapsulating POMOFs crystals with a carbon nanotube layer, the electronic conductivity of the material is improved. • CNT@Ag-BTBA-POM can mitigate the impact of a large amount of electrolyte infiltrating into the crystal lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic oxides exhibit the ability to mitigate the volume expansion associated with lithium alloying and de-alloying processes. To address the issue of low electronic conductivity in transition metal oxides and harnessing the advantages of bimetallic oxides, a one-pot synthesis strategy was employed to obtain two examples of bimetallic oxide-based carbon composites. The carbon shell of this material is derived from ethanol solution. Furthermore, the specific discharge capacity of this material is significantly higher than that of any single metal oxide present in its metal sources. [Display omitted] • Two bimetallic oxide carbon materials were prepared via one-pot synthesis method. • It is effective in addressing issues such as low electronic conductivity in TMOs. • The carbon shell of this material is derived from an ethanol solution. • The electrochemical performance are higher than its single metal oxide. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have emerged as highly promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their versatile valence states and distinctive morphological attributes. Bimetallic oxides, in particular, exhibit the ability to mitigate the volume expansion associated with lithium alloying and de-alloying processes. Despite these advantages, metal oxides often suffer from drawbacks such as poor conductivity, limited cycle stability, and a propensity for lithiation. Addressing the challenges of low electronic conductivity, significant volume expansion, and inadequate uniformity, we synthesized two bimetallic oxide-based carbon composites via a "one-pot" solvothermal approach: ZnFe 2 O 4 @C and MnFe 2 O 4 @C. These composites are enveloped in a carbon shell derived from anhydrous ethanol. Notably, the specific discharge capacities of ZnFe 2 O 4 @C and MnFe 2 O 4 @C surpass those of their respective single metal oxide counterparts. Following nearly 300 cycles of charge and discharge operations at a current density of 100 mA g−1, ZnFe 2 O 4 @C exhibited a specific discharge capacity of 1528 mAh g−1, while MnFe 2 O 4 @C demonstrated a capacity of 1283 mAh g−1. The synthesis method offers simplicity, high yield, and uniform morphology, making it a promising avenue for enhancing the performance of LIBs electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new anode materials for LIBs with high specific energy density and long cycle performance has become urgent due to the increasing demand for further applications. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a candidate for this filed, can afford multi-electron redox reactions while maintaining structural integrity, which is beneficial for a large amount of electrons and charge transfer during charging/discharging. Here, for the first time, we report a POM-based metal–organic framework with a woven fabric structure, showing a discharge specific capacity of 788 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1. After carbon nanotube coating post-synthesis, the discharge specific capacity increased to 1000 mA h g−1 and exhibited evident cycling stability. Combining POMOF with CNT, as synergistic strategy, is a feasible way to exploit new anode materials with higher performance for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of Kα line and bremsstrahlung continuous x-ray emission from high-intensity laser-irradiated thin targets are presented. The experiments were performed at the SG-II UP Petawatt laser. Self-standing Sn foils varying thicknesses and Sn foils backed by the thick substrate were irradiated by the laser pulses up to 300 J of energy with peak intensity higher than 1018 W/cm2. A transmission curved crystal spectrometer and a filter-stack spectrometer were used to measure the Kα line and bremsstrahlung x-ray spectral distribution, respectively. Both Kα and 70–200 keV x-ray yields decrease 3- to 5-fold for target backed by the substrate. 2- to 4-fold reduction of Kα and 70–200 keV x-ray yields for the 8.5 μm targets relative to 50 μm targets was observed. Moreover, a significant background x-ray emission generated from the target holder reduces the ratio of signal to noise. Adopting a low-Z material holder can mitigate the x-ray background noises. This study is instructive to optimize target design for the high-intensity laser-driven Kα or continuous x-ray sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the point-projection hard x-ray radiography of dense matter, for example, an inertial confinement fusion implosion capsule at stagnation time, a picosecond laser driven gold microwire is used to produce a short pulse point, bremsstrahlung hard x-ray source. The microwire was held by a low-Z CH thin substrate commonly used to promote experimental performance. We explored the influence of the low-Z thin substrate on the microwire bremsstrahlung hard x-ray source via particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations. It was shown that both of the microwires, with or without the low-Z thin substrate, could emit more intense hard x-ray radiation than the radiator buried in the equal-density substrate, which benefited from efficient electron recirculation. The freestanding microwire exhibited further enhanced electron recirculation compared to that with the low-Z thin substrate, while the increased hot electrons were only present for the energetic electrons of >1 MeV. Thus, the freestanding microwire could produce significantly more intense MeV gamma x-ray emission with respect to that with the substrate, but an ignorable increment was exhibited at the softer x-ray emission of 10–200 keV. These results provided valuable insights into the design of backlighter targets in point-projection x-ray radiography, such as a freestanding microwire being preferred in MeV gamma-ray radiography, while the microwire with the CH thin substrate could be used in the 10–200 keV hard x-ray Compton radiography of an implosion capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bremsstrahlung radiation hard x-ray source, produced by a picosecond intense laser irradiated solid target, was used to diagnose an implosion capsule at stagnation phase via Compton radiography in experiments. By performing Monte Carlo and particle-in-cell simulation, we investigated the influence of target materials and laser intensity on the >70 keV bremsstrahlung hard x-ray emission. We found that the brightness of the hard x-rays is proportional to the atomic number multiplied by area density (ZρL), which indicates that the higher Z and higher density gold or uranium material will produce the brightest hard x-rays source at the same thickness. In relativistic laser solid interactions, hot electron recirculation plays an important role in hard x-ray emission. Without recirculation, hard x-ray conversion efficiency decays when increasing the laser intensity. While the hard x-ray emission comes to the maximal saturated conversion efficiency at relativistic laser intensity if considering the electron recirculation. These results provide valuable insights into the experimental design of Compton radiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huzhangqingmaiyin (HZQMY) is a Chinese medicine formula used to treat small vessel disease, but the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to reveal the protective effects of HZQMY on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and explore the potential targets and mechanistic pathways using network pharmacology on treating cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). HBMECs were cultured in vitro and an endothelial cell injury model was constructed by hypoxia for 12 h followed by reoxygenation for 8 h (H/R). Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, migration ability of cells was detected by scratch assay, angiogenesis ability of endothelial cells was detected by tubulogenesis assay. Meanwhile, JC-1 staining was employed to determine the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and finally, cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. To further explore the mechanism of action of HZQMY, the target proteins of a candidate active compound was first collected from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database with analytical platform and Swiss target prediction database (www.swisstargetprediction.ch) by HPLC/MS determination of its main active components. CSVD associated targets were retrieved from four disease associated targets databases, OMIM, DisGenNET, GeneCards and GeneCLip, respectively. Using the website String, the genes overlapped between HZQMY and CSVD were imported into the database, PPI network plots were drawn using Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to explore the possible pathways and targets of HZQMY. Its most probable targets were further explored with molecular docking and verified. HZQMY at 0.5–2 μg/mL concentration range could promote cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential damage as well as inhibit apoptosis. Besides that, 29 active compounds were detected from HZQMY, including key components such as quercetin, polydatin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and resveratrol. Core targets that might include IL-1β、ICAM-1、VCAM-1 and VEGF and so on. HZQMY could regulate the levels of key targets such as IL-1β、ICAM-1、VCAM-1 and VEGF, so as to achieve the purpose of treating CSVD. [Display omitted] • Huzhangqingmaiyin can treat CSVD and make up for the dilemma that there is no western medicine for CSVD. • Huzhangqingmaiyin can reduce the level of IL-1β, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 inhibit vascular endothelial inflammation. • Huzhangqingmaiyin can promote VEGF expression and angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Intrathecal (ITH) or intraventricular (IVT) antimicrobial therapy reduces the mortality rate of post-neurosurgical meningitis or ventriculitis related to extensively-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. • Administration of ITH/IVT treatment may promote the clearance of extensively-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid. • ITH/IVT therapy improves the clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal leukocytes, glucose and cerebrospinal fluid/blood glucose of patients with post-neurosurgical infections. • ITH/IVT antimicrobial therapy is safe and does not lead to increased incidence of adverse events. Extensively-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (XDR GNB)-related post-neurosurgical infection is closely related to mortality, which represents a major challenge for neurosurgeons. There is an urgent need to review and evaluate methods to reduce mortality. Both international and Chinese databases were searched independently from their inception to 15 June 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) treatment in combination with intrathecal or intraventricular (ITH/IVT) treatment with IV treatment alone for post-neurosurgical meningitis or ventriculitis due to GNB. Mortality, microbiological clearance and adverse events were considered as primary outcomes. In total, 18 eligible studies involving 602 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The IV + ITH/IVT group was associated with significantly lower mortality (especially in the XDR GNB subgroup) and acceptable safety. In terms of microbiological clearance, a significant decrease was shown in the XDR GNB subgroup. Significant benefits were shown in laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms after patients were treated with ITH/IVT. Additional ITH/IVT treatment may promote XDR GNB clearance and reduce mortality. In addition, ITH/IVT administration can improve clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid indicators of patients with post-neurosurgical infections. Significantly, ITH/IVT treatment does not increase the incidence of adverse events at the recommended dose. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We utilise the dual synthesis strategy in terms of bimetallic inorganic building blocks and sulfur containing organic ligand. A novel sulfur-containing bimetallic metal organic framework (Fe2Co-TPDC) with two types of 4-fold meso-helical structures has been successfully synthesized. Benefitting from the uniform distribution of active sulfur sites and the structural stability of the mixed-metallic method, Fe2Co-TPDC can efficiently prevent a shuttle behavior of sulfur and endow a commendable specific capacity. As far as we know, this is the first time that a sulfur-containing bimetallic crystalline MOF with helical structure and prominent specific capacity and remarkable cycling stability has served as an electrode material for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new metal–organic frameworks, namely, [Cd 1.5 (tcpb)(DMF)(H 2 O)] ( 1 ), [Co 1.5 (tcpb)(DMF) 2 ]·3DMF ( 2 ) and [Zn(Htcpb)(4,4′-bpy) 0.5 ]·1.5H 2 O ( 3 ) (tcpb = 1.3,5-tris(4-carbonylphenyloxy)benzene) have been synthesized by solvent-thermal method. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that compound 1 is 2D grid layers, with the trinuclear cadmium clusters acting as secondary building units (SBUs), and the tcpb ligand serveing as organic linkers. Compound 1 and Compound 2 are isomorphic structures containning similar connection modes of tcpb ligands with trinuclear metal clusters. Compound 3 is a 3D interpenetrated framework based on dinuclear Zn cluster with dia topology. The fluorescence properties for solid state compound 1 and 3 were examined at room temperature. Compared with free tcpb ligands, both of them display remarkable red-shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first mixed-valence nickel-supported polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework, (H2mim)[NiIII(Hmim)4][SiW11NiIIO37(OH)2(Hmim)]·3H2O (1) (Hmim = 2-methylimidazole), has been synthesized using a steam-assisted conversion method, and is constructed from noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds and π…π stacking interactions). 1 has a repeating honeycomb-shaped internal structure with one-dimensional channels along the direction of the c axis, where the diameter of the aperture is as large as 18.83 Å. Furthermore, the stability and the optical band gaps are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assemblyof multiple components into well-defined and predictablestructures remains one of the foremost challenges in chemistry. Here,upon subtle ligand variation, we reported on the assembly of threenew polyoxometalate-based organic–inorganic hybrid compoundswith different helical channel, [Ag3(H2pyttz-I)2][PMo12O40] (1), [Ag6(H2pyttz-II)4][CoW12O40]·2H2O (2), and [Ag7(Hpyttz-II)3(H2pyttz-II)][GeW12O40]·7H2O (3) (H2pyttz-I/II= 4-/3-pyrid-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl,POM = polyoxometalates). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that compound 1is constructed by “butterfly-like” Ag5(H2pyttz-I)2subunits and POMs clusters,which are assembled into close helical channels impregnated with thecomponents selves. Both compounds 2and 3are constructed by “paddle-wheel like” Ag4(H2pyttz-II)4motifs and POMs clusters, whichbring into being the larger helical channels (10.5% and 12.5% of thecell volume, respectively). Note that the only difference in compounds 2and 3is that the former contains 1D metal–organicchain structure, and the latter contains 2D metal–organic layerstructure. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of RhB by thesecompounds was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A new Ag–pipemidic acid complex with helical structure was synthesized. [•] The complex is a positive example for the study of metal–drug complexes. [•] The complex exhibits the higher K b constant and K SV value than the PPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• S-POM-MOIC with POMs as template possesses 2D graphite-like intercalation framework. • By using ternary synthesis strategy, PPy has been loaded on surface of S-POM-MOIC. • PPy@S-POM-MOIC has excellent photocatalytic degradation for RhB under visible light. A new sulfur-doping Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) based metal organic intercalation compound (S-POM-MOIC) has been synthesized, namely, H[ Ag (BPTD) 2 ] 2 [PMo 12 O 40 ] (BPTD = 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole). Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the Keggin-type POMs as a template embedded a 2D graphite-like intercalation framework, and all the sulfur atoms have been exposed into the inner cavity of empty channels. Which means the S-POM-MOIC framework can not only give full play to the catalytic ability of POMs, but also endow the synergistic catalytic effect of sulfur. Finally, we successfully obtained the visible light photocatalyst with excellent catalytic activity by using the ternary composite nanomaterials synthesis strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact broadband Compton spectrometer is designed to measure the continuous spectrum of gamma-ray sources driven by an intense laser. The incident gamma rays are converted into electrons in low-Z materials by Compton scattering. Produced by a pair of stepped magnets, a weaker-front–stronger-rear nonuniform magnetic field in the electron magnetic spectrometer is used to spectrally resolve the scattered electrons, leading to a broadband gamma-ray spectral coverage of 2–20 MeV in a compact volume. Flat imaging-plate detectors are placed near the focused imaging points of the magnetic spectrometer to record the dispersed electrons, thereby achieving an optimal spectral resolution of 6%–13% in the energy range of 3–20 MeV. The spectrometer is used successfully to measure the gamma-ray spectrum generated by the high-energy electron beams produced by a femtosecond-laser-driven wakefield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the impact of inflammatory factors on the incidence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), we performed a mendelian randomization (MR) study to analyze the causal relationship between multiple inflammatory factors and CSVD imaging markers and utilized summary‐data‐based mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis to infer whether the impact of instrumental variables (IVs) on disease is mediated by gene expression or DNA methylation. Methods: Using public databases such as UKB and IEU, and original genome‐wide association studies, we obtained IVs related to exposure (inflammatory factors) and outcome (CSVD imaging markers). We performed the inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR‐Egger methods to assess causal effects between exposure and outcome in univariate MR analysis. To evaluate their heterogeneity, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including the Cochrane Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR‐Presso, and leave‐one‐out analysis. We also applied mediation and multivariate MR analysis to explore the interactions between positive exposures on the same outcome. Additionally, we conducted the SMR, which utilizes instruments within or near relevant genes in blood or brain tissues, to elucidate the causal associations with CSVD markers. Results: ABO Univariate MR of multiple cohorts revealed that the risk of small vessel stroke (SVS) increases with elevated levels of TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL, OR, 1.23, 95% CI, 1.08–1.39) and interleukin‐1 receptor‐like 2, (IL‐1RL2, OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.04–1.61). IL‐18 was a potential risk factor for extensive basal ganglia perivascular space burden (BGPVS, OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 1.00–1.05). Moreover, the risk of extensive white matter perivascular space burden (WMPVS) decreased with rising levels of E‐selectin (OR,.98, 95% CI,.97–1.00), IL‐1RL2 (OR,.97, 95% CI,.95–1.00), IL‐3 receptor subunit alpha (IL‐3Ra, OR,.98, 95% CI,.97–1.00), and IL‐5 receptor subunit alpha (IL‐5Ra, OR,.98, 95% CI,.97–1.00). Mediation and multivariate MR analysis indicated that E‐selectin and IL‐3Ra might interact during the pathogenesis of WMPVS. SMR estimates showed that TRAIL‐related IVs rs5030044 and rs2304456 increased the risk of SVS by increasing the expression of gene Kininogen‐1 (KNG1) in the cerebral cortex, particularly in the frontal cortex (βsmr =.10, Psmr =.003, FDR =.04). Instruments (rs507666 and rs2519093) related to E‐selectin and IL‐3Ra could increase the risk of WMPVS by enhancing DNA methylation of the gene ABO in blood tissue (βsmr =.01–.02, Psmr =.001, FDR =.01–.03). Conclusion: According to MR and SMR analysis, higher levels of TRAIL increased the risk of SVS by upregulating gene expression of KNG1 in brain cortex tissues. In addition, protective effects of E‐selectin and IL‐3a levels on WMPVS were regulated by increased DNA methylation of gene ABO in blood tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized years lived with disabilitys), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, along with prevalence rates with associated 95% CIs were estimated. Results: Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels. Conclusion: GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetland ecosystems, recognized as important carbon sinks, face challenges due to climate change. Although wetland soil microorganisms play a major role in the wetland carbon cycle, the mechanisms influencing their spatial distribution remain elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of soil properties on the spatial distribution of soil microorganisms across five saline-alkali wetlands (Xianghai [XH], Niuxintaobao [NX], Momoge [MMG], Zhalong [ZL], and Halahai [HLH]) within the Songnen Plain, China. We utilized the Biolog-ECO method to assess the carbon metabolic activity, microbial diversity, and carbon source utilization preference of soil microorganisms. Using the structural equation model, we analyzed factors influencing microbial carbon metabolic activity and microbial diversity. Results indicate that southern wetlands harbor soil microbial communities exhibiting higher carbon metabolic activity, Shannon index, and substrate richness, compared to their northern counterparts. Specifically, soil microorganisms in NX and XH wetlands demonstrate a preference for labile organic carbon, whereas those in HLH and ZL wetlands preferred to use recalcitrant carbon. Furthermore, soil microbial carbon metabolic activity is primarily regulated by soil total nitrogen content, whereas soil microbial diversity is primarily regulated by soil salinity and alkalinity. Our findings revealed the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil microorganisms in the Songnen Plain wetland, contributing to understanding the maintenance mechanism of wetland carbon sink function. [Display omitted] • Soil microbial C metabolic activity was higher in the south wetland of Songnen Plain. • Soil microbes preferred to use recalcitrant C in the north wetland of Songnen Plain. • Soil microbial C metabolic activity was primarily affected by soil nitrogen content. • Soil microbial functional diversity was primarily regulated by soil salinity and alkalinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the incidence of primary gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) of the global burden from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Data of 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange. The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were employed to quantify trends in the incidence of primary gallbladder and biliary tract cancer. The age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), age‐standardized DALY and their corresponding EAPC were used to evaluate mortality trends. Results: The global incidence of primary gallbladder and biliary tract cancer rose by 75.9% from 119 900 cases in 1990 to 210 900 cases in 2017. The highest ASIR was observed in Chile (10.8 per 100 000 in 2017), followed by Japan and South Korea. Regions with the highest social development index (SDI) quintile also had the highest death cases associated with primary gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in 2017 (60 100, 95% UI 55 800‐62 700). A high body mass index (BMI) was found to be closely related to age‐standardized deaths and age‐standardized DALY in most of the regions analyzed. Conclusions: Primary gallbladder and biliary tract cancer remains a serious threat to global public health, especially in high‐SDI countries. The ASDR and age‐standardized DALY decreased from 1990 to 2017. A high BMI may be associated with this cancer burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regorafenib (REG) is an oral multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, metastatic colorectal cancer and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. REG exists in various crystal forms and its monohydrate form (REG·H2O) is selected as the commercial form. However, the clinical efficacy of REG is severely limited by low oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. With the intention to expand the solid forms and to improve the aqueous solubility at the same time, three cocrystals of REG with malonic acid (REG–MA), glutaric acid (REG–GA) and pimelic acid (REG–PA) were successfully synthesized by liquid-assisted grinding and/or the slurry methods. The obtained cocrystals were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and were then subjected to powder dissolution, dynamic vapor sorption, stability and tabletability investigations. As compared to REG·H2O, REG–MA exhibits comparable dissolution behavior, while REG–GA and REG–PA demonstrate significantly enhanced apparent solubility and dissolution rates without compromising the hygroscopicity and physicochemical stability of the drug. In addition, the formation of the cocrystals also improves the tabletability of the powdered samples. These results suggest that REG–GA and REG–PA have great potential to be developed as new, more efficient formulations of REG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the complex synthesis process, the design of new type structures of lanthanide clusters with high nuclearity provides an opportunity to understand the nature of magnetic dynamics. Here, the homometallic dodecanuclear complexes with the formula [Ln12(H2L1)4(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(CH3COO)15]·(CH3COO)·(CH3OH)6 (Ln = Dy (1) and Gd (2)) were synthesized using 2,6-bis(2-((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide (H4L1) ligand and Ln(CH3COO)3·6H2O in CH3OH. The structural analysis showed that those complexes had novel cores in Ln-clusters. In the main core of [Ln12(μ3-OH)4(μ3-O)4(μ2-O)14], the center was a cubic [Ln4(μ3-O)4]4− structure. In the [Ln4(μ3-O)4]4− structure, each Ln(III) ion and the other two Ln(III) ions formed a triangular [Ln3(μ3-O)(μ2-O)3] structure under the connection of oxygen bridges. Magnetic property measurements revealed that complex 1 showed weak single-molecule magnetic behavior, while complex 2 showed large magnetocaloric effects (MCEs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have been explored as photoluminescent (PL) materials with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and tunable band structures arising from the structural regulating functions of organic cations. Herein, by using a simple solution reaction, we prepared one new type of one-dimensional (1D) hybrid lead halide, namely [DMEDA]PbCl4 (DMEDA = N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine). The compound contains 1D edge sharing octahedral lead chloride [PbCl4]2− anionic chains, which are surrounded and separated by organic cations of [DMEDA]2+. This 1D structure enables the formation of self-trapped excited states that give bright yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of approximately 4.81%. A white light emitting device can also be easily fabricated by coating a sample of [DMEDA]PbCl4 on a blue light chip. Its PL stability and nature are also investigated by using various experiments. This work provides a new type of structural model to probe the PL properties and understand the structure–property relationship of low-dimensional lead halide perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid weakness is a post-zygotic hybridization barrier frequently observed in plants, including rice. In this study, we describe the genomic variation among three temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) varieties 'Aranghyangchalbyeo' ('CH7'), ' Sanghaehyangheolua' ('CH8') and ' Shinseonchalbyeo' ('CH9'), carrying different hybrid weakness genes. The reciprocal progeny obtained from crossing any two varieties displayed characteristic hybrid weakness traits. We mapped and cloned a new locus, Hwc3 (hybrid weakness 3), on chromosome 4. Sequence analysis identified that a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon was inserted into the promoter region of the Hwc3 gene in 'CH7'. A 4-kb DNA fragment from 'CH7' containing the Hwc3 gene with the inserted LTR retrotransposon was able to induce hybrid weakness in hybrids with 'CH8' plants carrying the Hwc1 gene by genetic complementation. We investigated the differential gene expression profile of F1 plants exhibiting hybrid weakness and detected that the genes associated with energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated compared with the parents. Based on our results, we propose that LTR retrotransposons could be a potential cause of hybrid weakness in intrasubspecific hybrids in japonica rice. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying intrasubspecific hybrid weakness is important for increasing our knowledge on reproductive isolation and could have significant implications for rice improvement and hybrid breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, five Ag(I)-based CPs with luminescent properties have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. [Display omitted] • Five Ag(I)-based coordination polymers (CPs) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. • Organic ligand plays a key role in the formation of the final structures. • The luminescent color of compounds 1 – 5 can be tunable by varying excitation wavelengths. In this work, five Ag(I)-based coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Ag(HL)(H 2 L)] n (1), [Ag(HL)(2,2′-bpy)(H 2 O) 0.5 ] (2), [Ag(HL)(phen)(H 2 O) 0.5 ] (3), {[Ag 2 (HL) 2 (4,4′-bpy)(H 2 O) 2 ]∙H 2 O} (4) and [Ag(HL)(thpy)] n (5), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (H 2 L = 1-(3-carboxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, 2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine and thpy = 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine). These coordination polymers were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and powder X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure which can be further extended into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure via intermolecular hydrogen bond. In compounds 2 and 3 , the binuclear zero dimensional (0D) units are extended to 3D supramolecular frameworks by intermolecular hydrogen bond and π–π stacking interaction. In compound 4 , the 0D units constructed by HL− anions, 4,4′-bpy and metal ions are expanded to form a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular network. Compound 5 shows a different 2D supramolecular structure extended from 1D chain by intermolecular hydrogen bond. The results suggest that organic ligand plays a key role in the formation of the final structures. The solid-state luminescent properties of compounds 1 – 5 were studied in detail. The results show that the luminescent color of compounds 1 – 5 can be tunable by varying excitation wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and mild halogenation of 8-acylaminoquinoline at the C5 position was described. The reaction utilized easily available sodium halides as the halogen sources and proceeded smoothly under transition metal-free conditions. Various 8-aminoquinolines with a number of functional groups were compatible in this reaction to afford the corresponding halogenated products in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the reaction conditions also tolerated the substrates without the 8-aminoquinolyl auxiliary, such as N -phenyl amide and N -naphthyl amide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure of Cd-MOF-74 was obtained for the first time that possesses high sensitivity for the detection of copper ions from water and simulated biological fluids based on changes in luminescent intensity. Furthermore, Cd-MOF-74 could selectively remove Cu2+ from simulated biological fluids that contain Mg2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Na+, and K+. The adsorption capacity of this adsorbent for copper ions reached 189.5 mg g−1 and it quickly adsorbed copper ions within 10 minutes under 10 ppm Cu2+ in the simulated biological system. XPS, PXRD, and gas adsorption measurements revealed that this high sensitivity and selectivity of Cd-MOF-74 resulted from the partial substitution of Cd2+ by Cu2+ in the framework. Although many MOF materials have been employed for sensor or selective adsorption of Cu2+, Cd-MOF-74 is the first example of MOFs showing both capabilities in simulated biological fluids, which represents a pioneering work that extends the applications of MOF materials in the biological field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of reactive conditions onthe structures of Keggin POM supporting metal–organic frameworks(MOFs), five new compounds, [Ag6(2-pytz)4(H2O)2][HPMo12O40] (1), {[Ag14(2-pytz)12(H2O)4][H4PMo12O40]2}·2H2O (2), {[Ag6(2-pytz)4(H2O)4][H2SiW12O40)]}·6H2O (3), {[Ag3(3-pytz)2]2·[AgPMo12O40]}·2H2O (4), [Ag6(4-pytz)4][HPMo12O40] (5) [pytz = 5-(pyridyl)tetrazolate],were hydrothermally synthesized by tuning the reactive species andpH values and characterized by routine method and single-crystal X-raycrystallography. Although compounds 1–5all show the POM supporting 3D MOFs skeleton, MOFs exhibit diversestructures and POMs play different supporting functions, more specifically,pseudo POM chains supporting MOFs in 1and 2, isolated POM spheres supporting MOFs in 3, ture POMchains supporting MOFs in 4, and pseudo POM layers supportingMOFs in 5. The roles of the pH value, pytz derivatives,and the Keggin homologues in the formation of the POM supporting MOFshave been discussed. In addition, the photoluminescence propertiesof compounds 1–3were investigatedin the solid state at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enzymatic glycan synthesis has leapt forward in recent years and a number of glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) have been identified and prepared, which provides a guide to an efficient approach to prepare glycans containing glucuronic acid (GlcA) residues. The uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP) activated form, UDP-GlcA, is the monosaccharide donor for these glucuronidation reactions. Results: To produce UDP-GlcA in a cost-effective way, an efficient three-step cascade route was developed using whole cells expressing hyperthermophilic enzymes to afford UDP-GlcA from starch. By coupling a coenzyme regeneration system with an appropriate expression level with UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase in a single strain, the cells were able to meet NAD+ requirements. Without addition of exogenous NAD+, the reaction produced 1.3 g L−1 UDP-GlcA, representing 100% and 46% conversion of UDP-Glc and UTP respectively. Finally, an anion exchange chromatography purification method was developed. UDP-GlcA was successfully obtained from the cascade system. The yield of UDP-GlcA during purification was about 92.0%. Conclusions: This work built a de novo hyperthermophilic biosynthetic cascade into E. coli host cells, with the cells able to meet NAD+ cofactor requirements and act as microbial factories for UDP-GlcA synthesis, which opens a door to large-scale production of cheaper UDP-GlcA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penchinone A (Ia) shows protective activity against acetaminophen-induced damage to the HL7702 hepatocyte (MTT assay) with a survival rate up to 91% for a dose of 10 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]