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The Leptophlebiidae family of mayflies is diverse, with over 640 species and 140 genera worldwide. One of its subfamilies, Terpidinae, is restricted to the Neotropical region and consists of three genera, including Fittkaulus, which have four South American species. This paper redescribes the male imago and proposes a new synonym based on the rearing of nymphs identified as F. cururuensis collected in streams in the Caatinga and Amazon Forest regions of northern and northeastern Brazil. The male imago can be differentiate by having the following combination of characteristics: upper portions of eyes on short stalk; forewing with reddish brown maculae in costal, subcostal and radial sectors; abdomen whitish, with black stripes on posterior margin and dark brown maculae on lateral margins on terga I–VII; penis with proximal half fused; distal half divided, tubular and apically pointed, with latero-dorsal lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New records and notes on the distribution of the family Caenidae from Roraima state, Brazil are provided. No previous records were known of this family from Roraima. Our study reports four species of Brasilocaenis and Caenis: Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975, Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999, C. fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 and C. reissi Malzacher, 1986. In addition, an unidentified species of Latineosus, based in a unique exuvia, was also found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge about the distribution of Ephemeroptera in Brazil has increased in recent years, contributing to reduce the gaps about its distribution in this country. This paper presents an updated checklist of the species of Ephemeroptera from Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil based on bibliography and collections from numerous rivers and streams of 27 counties and 74 localities. In this study, 18 species and 11 genera are recorded for the first time from Pernambuco state, increasing from 43 to 61 the number of known species. With these results, Pernambuco becomes the state with highest number of species in Northeastern Region of Brazil. Moreover, Caenis chamie is reported for the first time from Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on collections in three coast Brazilian states, Hydrosmilodon plagatus sp. nov. and Needhamella mazama sp. nov. are described based on nymphs and adults. Besides the description of these species, new geographic records of the Hermanella complex are presented. The species included are: Hermanella maculipennis (Ulmer, 1920); Hermanella froehlichi Ferreira and Domínguez (1992); Hydrosmilodon gilliesae Thomas & Péru (2004); Hylister plaummani Domínguez and Flowers (1989); Leentvaaria palpalis Demoulin (1966); and Needhamella ehrhadti (Ulmer, 1920). In addition, in this work Leentvaaria palpalis is recorded from Brazil for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) have a wide distribution and play an important ecological role in aquatic ecosystems, primarily in nutrient cycling in lotic systems. They also exhibit high morphological and functional diversity. Although there are numerous studies evaluating the morphological and functional diversity of EPT, this knowledge is fragmented and dispersed in the literature. It is important to synthesize this information, especially in regions with high diversity like, the Amazon. This synthesis of morphological, ecological, and life history traits of EPT genera occurring in the Amazon can contribute to advancing our understanding of the functioning of freshwater ecosystems in the region and the management of their watersheds. The objective of this study was to compile information into a database of functional traits of EPT immatures stage with documented distribution in the Brazilian Amazon. The database of this study recorded information on eight morphological, ecological, and life history traits of 95 EPT genera. We also identified knowledge gaps of these traits for genera with few occurrence records (rarer records). The information from the EPT traits database can be used to address fundamental research questions in ecology regarding the functioning of freshwater ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]