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Considering the problems of high temperature and large reagent consumption in the current alkali decomposition processes, phosphate and fluoride were adopted to extract tungsten from scheelite. The results indicated that tungsten could be efficiently extracted with a decomposition rate of > 98.0% under moderate decomposition conditions, forming fluorapatite in the decomposition residue. The decomposition yield is influenced by the calcium fluoride dosage, decomposition temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and holding time. Furthermore, the decomposition reaction followed the surface chemical reaction controlling step. Additionally, the phosphorus concentration in the decomposition solution was lower than 0.2 g/L. This work may provide an alternative for the efficient tungsten extraction from scheelite, especially fluorite bearing scheelite under relatively low reagent costs and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2006, the indica photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line Yan 161S was successfully bred by crossing the Guangzhan 63S (♀) and the medium indica breeding material Yan 229 (♂), which was bred by the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province, after years' and generations' selection in different areas. It passed the identification by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. Crossing the Yan 161S with Yanhui 888, a new high-yielding and high-quality two-line hybrid rice combination Yanliangyou 1618 was developed, and it passed the variety identification in 2014. This paper introduced the breeding processes and characteristics of Yan 161S and Yanliangyou 1618 and the cultivation and seed production techniques of Yanliangyou 1618. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]