Search

Expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) transporters can be modified with potential incidence in cancers, yet they have not been considered in melanoma. Here, we demonstrate transcriptional and protein expression of OATP members in human melanoma cell lines with sodium-independent organic anion uptake activity. Importantly, uptake of different organic anions over 24 h led to a common resistance signal to apoptotic cell death, induced further by cisplatin in 24 h. The mechanism is not dependent on the transport of cisplatin by the OATP, as it is not an OATP substrate. The resistance signal was modulated by PKC, disclosing it as signal mediator. This study suggests that OATP, which can be constantly activated by endobiotics, may contribute to melanoma chemotherapeutic resistance, thereby justifying the development of OATP targeting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Crosstalk between integrins is involved in the regulation of various cell functions including cell migration. Here we identify the interplay between the integrins αvβ5/β6 and α2β1 during cell migration toward type I collagen. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29-D4 and SW480 were used as cell models. To improve our understanding of the consequences of αvβ5/β6 function on α2β1, we decreased the expression of αv integrins by either siRNA or lysosomal targeting strategies or inhibited their function using, as antagonists, blocking antibodies or disintegrins. In all cases, we observed a greatly enhanced α2β1 integrin-dependent cell migration associated with focal adhesion rearrangements and increased outside-in signaling as demonstrated by elevated phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and MAPKinase (ERK1 and ERK2). The αvβ5/β6-dependent limitation of α2β1 function could be overridden by TS2/16, an activating anti-β1 antibody. Interestingly, compared to control cells, the pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kinase or the siRNA-mediated knockdown of AKT had little effect on the high α2β1-mediated cell migration observed in the absence of αv integrins or following activation of α2β1 integrins by the TS2/16. These results suggest that integrins αvβ5/β6 repress α2β1 possibly by interfering with their activation process and thereby modify the cell signaling regulation of α2β1-mediated migration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Integrin engagement regulates cell adhesion, shape, migration, growth, and differentiation, but molecular mechanisms coordinating these functions in cells remain unclear. Because of their migratory and differentiation potential, neural crest cells constitute a powerful paradigm to address this question. Here, we describe that laminin-1, a major component of their migration routes, promotes crest cell spreading, migration and survival through two distinct integrin-binding domains that are situated on both sides of its α1 subunit and can be separated in the LN-1 elastase proteolytic fragments E1′ and E8. Interaction with either domain was mediated by the same integrin α1β1 but produced distinct, complementary responses through specific signaling cascades. FAK activation upon E8 binding induced spreading, formation of actin bundles and focal adhesions, stimulated oriented migration, but failed to support survival. Conversely, Erk activation upon E1′ binding promoted long-term survival and random migration without actin reorganization. Consistent with this, interaction with laminin-5 or laminin-10/11, which do not harbor integrin-binding domains in the N-terminal side of their α chains, failed to support survival. Thus, the signaling activity and function of integrins might depend on binding domains in their ligands, thereby revealing ligand control of integrin function as a possible mechanism for the modulation and coordination of cell response to adhesive signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grasp55 is a ubiquitous Golgi stacking protein involved in autophagy, protein trafficking, and glucose deprivation sensing. The function of Grasp55 in protein trafficking has been attributed to its PDZ-mediated interaction with the C-terminal PDZ-binding motifs of protein cargos. We have recently shown that such an interaction occurs between Grasp55 and the adhesion molecule Jam-C, which plays a central role in stemness maintenance of hematopoietic and spermatogenic cells. Accordingly, we have found that Grasp55-deficient mice suffer from spermatogenesis defects similar to Jam-C knockout mice. However, whether Grasp55 is involved in the maintenance of immunohematopoietic homeostasis through regulation of protein transport and Jam-C expression remains unknown. In this study, we show that Grasp55 deficiency does not affect hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, engraftment, or mobilization, which are known to depend on expression of Grasp55-dependent protein cargos. In contrast, using an Mycdependent leukemic model addicted to autophagy, we show that knockdown of Grasp55 in leukemic cells reduces spleen and bone marrow tumor burden upon i.v. leukemic engraftment. This is not due to reduced homing of Grasp55-deficient cells to these organs but to increased spontaneous apoptosis of Grasp55-deficient leukemic cells correlated with increased sensitivity of the cells to glucose deprivation. These results show that Grasp55 plays a role in Myc-transformed hematopoietic cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatogenesis is a dynamic process that is regulated by adhesive interactions between germ and Sertoli cells. Germ cells express the Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C (JAM-C, encoded by Jam3), which localizes to germ/Sertoli cell contacts. JAM-C is involved in germ cell polarity and acrosome formation. Using a proteomic approach, we demonstrated that JAM-C interacted with the Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa (GRASP55, encoded by Gorasp2) in developing germ cells. Generation and study of Gorasp2-/- mice revealed that knock-out mice suffered from spermatogenesis defects. Acrosome formation and polarized localization of JAM-C in spermatids were altered in Gorasp2-/- mice. In addition, Golgi morphology of spermatocytes was disturbed in Gorasp2-/- mice. Crystal structures of GRASP55 in complex with JAM-C or JAM-B revealed that GRASP55 interacted via PDZ-mediated interactions with JAMs and induced a conformational change in GRASP55 with respect of its free conformation. An in silico pharmacophore approach identified a chemical compound called Graspin that inhibited PDZ-mediated interactions of GRASP55 with JAMs. Treatment of mice with Graspin hampered the polarized localization of JAM-C in spermatids, induced the premature release of spermatids and affected the Golgi morphology of meiotic spermatocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melanoma cell adhesion molecule (CD146) contains a circulating proteolytic variant (sCD146), which is involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. Its circulating level is modulated in different pathologies, but its intracellular transduction pathways are still largely unknown. Using peptide pulldown and mass spectrometry, we identified angiomotin as a sCD146-associated protein in endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Interaction between angiomotin and sCD146 was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence, and binding of sCD146 on both immobilized recombinant angiomotin and angiomotin-transfected cells. Silencing angiomotin in EPC inhibited sCD146 angiogenic effects, i.e. EPC migration, proliferation, and capacity to form capillary-like structures in Matrigel. In addition, sCD146 effects were inhibited by the angiomotin inhibitor angiostatin and competition with recombinant angiomotin. Finally, binding of sCD146 on angiomotin triggered the activation of several transduction pathways that were identified by antibody array. These results delineate a novel signaling pathway where sCD146 binds to angiomotin to stimulate a proangiogenic response. This result is important to find novel target cells of sCD146 and for the development of therapeutic strategies based on EPC in the treatment of ischemic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Here, we report the purification and characterization of an acidic Asp49 phospholipase A2, named MVL-PLA2, with a molecular mass of 13,626.64 Da. The complete MVL-PLA2 cDNA was cloned from Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea venom gland cDNA library. MVL-PLA2 possesses 122 amino acid residues, including 14 cysteines, and belongs to group II snake venom phospholipase A2 enzymes. MVL-PLA2 was not cytotoxic up to 2 μM and completely abolished cell adhesion and migration of various human tumor cells. Chemical modification with p-bromophenacyl bromide abolished the enzymatic activity of MVL-PLA2 without affecting its anti-tumor effect, suggesting the presence of ‘pharmacological sites’ distinct from the catalytic site in snake venom phospholipase A2. We demonstrated for the first time that the anti-tumor effect of MVL-PLA2 was mediated by α5β1 and αv-containing integrins. This finding may serve as starting point for structure–function relationship studies leading to design a new generation of specific anti-cancer drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the biogenesis of a major integrin in human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. Involvement of calnexin at different temperatures; Responsibility for the adhesion of epithelial cells to laminins; Description of the biosynthesis of the integrin.