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Sulfur doping in carbonaceous anode is a popular method to improve the sodium storing performance. Regulating the C/S bond effect of carbon atom with doped sulfur atom could understand and develop superior carbonaceous anode for sodium‐ion batteries. Therefore, this study designed porous hollow carbon nanocages with synergistically‐doped C/S bonds (C‐S/C = S) by secondary‐sulfidation. The secondary‐sulfidation is conducive to the different bond formation of sulfur atom with carbon skeleton and adjust the structure via removed other groups. Thus, the C‐S/C = S anode with synergistically C‐S and C = S bonds delivered a reversible capacity of 307 mAh g‐1 at 1.0 A g−1 with initial coulomb efficiency of 80.15%, a stable cycle life of 2000 cycles, and a fast charge capability of 186 mAh g−1 at 20.0 A g−1 in sodium‐ion batteries. Through characterization and simulation results, the doped C‐S/C = S bonds creates more active sites and ion diffusion channels in carbon skeleton for enhancing the fast and durable kinetics of sodium‐ion. This work provides deep insights into C/S bonds effect of carbon anode material for developing fast charge stability sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its effectiveness in exterminating tumor cells, ferroptosis is seriously hampered by the high expression of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the inadequacy of endogenous H2O2 in tumors. Herein, metal‐phenolic nanoformulations (FNCP NFs) composed of sonosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6), the phenolic GSH consumer naphthazarin, and Fe3+, followed by the modification of PEG2000, are strategically designed and fabricated for ultrasound‐boosted ferroptosis in tumor cells through triple regulatory pathways. The carrier‐free FNCP NFs can rapidly dissociate under tumor microenvironment response with the assistance of ultrasound, releasing Fe2+, Ce6, and naphthazarin. Ce6 and Fe2+ are capable of producing singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by ultrasound‐activated sonodynamic therapy and Fenton reaction‐mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT), respectively, which not only induce apoptotic cell death but also lead to the effective accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), resulting in ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the released naphthazarin and the self‐cycling valence alternations of Fe3+/Fe2+ promote the significant decrease of intracellular GSH contents, further inducing the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the up‐regulation of LPO levels, eventually realizing the synergistically enhanced ferroptosis. This facile and feasible design for versatile metal‐phenolic nanoformulations offers a new strategy for effectively improving ferroptosis efficiency and multimodal cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High theoretical capacity, stabilized and layered 2H phase molybdenum disulfide (2H) is regarded as a promising material for superior kinetics anode in sodium ion battery, but the inherent semiconducting properties and sluggish sodium ions diffusion limit the development of 2H based anode. Hence, this study builds a unique metalloid phase with high electronic conductivity and suitable layer structure by screening non‐metallic carbon atoms doped in 2H (2H‐C). As experimental and simulation results, 2H‐C of metalloid properties after carbon atom modulation exhibit superior sodium storage kinetics and reversibility by a unique mechanism that promotes ion intercalation under high voltage window, and further good for the later uniformly conversion at lower voltage (intercalation‐conversion mechanism). The 2H‐C anode material delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 156 mAh g−1 at ultra‐high 100.0 A g−1, long‐term life of 6000 cycles, and superior performance at low temperatures of −10 °C. Otherwise, 2H‐C/Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell also performs charge/discharge capacity of 80.0/76.7 mAh g−1 with 87% capacity retention after 140 cycles at 0 °C. This discovery further explores the unique mechanism and application of 2D layered materials in sodium‐ion battery anodes for fast kinetics under extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) in hydrogen production is primarily hindered by its poor absorption of visible light, rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs, and the absence of hydroxyl radical formation. Herein, a novel g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets functionalized with sulfonic acid groups were effectively produced through thermal polymerization of melamine and 2, 4-diamino-6-phenyl-1, 3, 5-triazine (DPT), followed by sulfonation treatment. The introduction of the phenyl group brings about alterations to the initial symmetrical arrangement of g-C 3 N 4 , leading to the disruption of certain hydrogen bonds. This, in turn, facilitates the movement of electrons from the n to π* orbitals, resulting in enhanced light absorption and improved efficiency in charge separation. Moreover, it induces modifications to the band structure and amplifies the production of hydroxyl radicals. Additionally, the introduction of sulfonic acid enhances the water affinity and the ability of dispersing graphitic carbon nitride in water. The optimized sulfonated benzene-substituted g-C 3 N 4 (1000-BCN-SO 3 H) with a melamine to DPT ratio of 4:1 exhibits a maximum hydrogen production rate of 6.52 mmol·h−1·g−1 under simulated sunlight irradiation with good cycling stability, which is 3.93 times higher than that of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. This research offers a promising opportunity for a novel approach in advancing carbon nitride materials for effective photocatalytic processes. [Display omitted] • Sulfonated benzene functionalized g-C 3 N 4 was prepared by thermal polymerization and sulfonation reactions. • Sulfonation created many voids and enhanced the hydrophilicity and water dispersion. • The increased absorption at 490 nm was due to the process of n→π* excitation. • 1000-BCN-SO 3 H nanosheets exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance and stability. • The hydrogen evolution of 1000-BCN-SO 3 H is 3.93 times that of pure g-C 3 N 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A depth map fusion algorithm fuses depth maps from different perspectives into a unified coordinate framework and performs surface calculations to generate dense point clouds of the entire scene. The existing algorithms ensure the quality of these dense point clouds by eliminating inconsistencies between depth maps, but the problem of many redundant calculations often arises. In this paper, a depth map fusion algorithm based on pixel region prediction is proposed. First, the image combination is calculated to select a set of candidate neighbor images for each reference image in the scene. Second, voxels and measure estimates are constructed on a coarse scale, and an inference strategy and a corrector are proposed to merge pixel regions at a fine scale guided by the coarse scale. Finally, the deduced pixel regions at the fine scale are used as the image-space constraints for depth fusion. Public and actual oblique images datasets are used for experimental verification. Compared with the famous COLMAP, OPENMVS, Gipuma and ACMP methods, the number of redundant calculations is significantly reduced; according to Data1 ∼ Data9 in the experiment, as the number of images increases, the fusion efficiency is increased by 47.5% to 156.6%; at the same time, the point cloud accuracy is comparable to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the effect of IFN-α-2b in preventing postoperative arthrofibrosis in rats, its antiproliferation effect on fibroblasts in vitro, and its molecular mechanism. Methods. The rat model of arthrofibrosis was established and treated with different concentrations of drugs. Knee specimens were collected for histological and immunohistochemical staining to observe the effect of IFN-α-2b on arthrofibrosis in rats. The biological information was further mined according to the database data, and the possible regulatory mechanism of IFN-α-2b on fibroblasts was analyzed. The inhibitory effect of IFN-α-2b on fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), immunofluorescence analysis, cell cycle test, EdU assay, wound healing test, and Transwell method, and the analysis results were verified by Western blotting method. Results. The test results of rat knee joint specimens showed that IFN-α-2b significantly inhibited the degree of fibrosis after knee joint surgery, the number of fibroblasts in the operation area was less than that of the control group, and the expression of collagen and proliferation-related proteins decreased. In vitro experimental results show that IFN-α-2b can inhibit the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. According to the results of database analysis, it is suggested that the STAT1/P21 pathway may be involved, and it has been verified and confirmed by Western blotting and other related methods. Conclusion. IFN-α-2b can reduce surgery-induced arthrofibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and migration, which may be related to the regulation of STAT1/p21 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure from motion (SfM) method has achieved great success in 3D sparse reconstruction, but it still faces serious challenges in large-scale scenes. Existing hybrid SfM methods usually do not fully consider the compactness between images and the connectivity between subclusters, resulting in a loose spatial distribution of images within subclusters, unbalanced connectivity between subclusters, and poor robustness in the merging stage. In this paper, an efficient and robust hybrid SfM method is proposed. First, the multifactor joint scene partition measure and the preassignment balanced image expansion algorithm among subclusters are constructed, which effectively solves the loose spatial distribution of images in subclusters problem and improves the degree of connection among subclusters. Second, the global GlobalACSfM method is used to complete the local sparse reconstruction of the subclusters under the cluster parallel framework. Then, a decentralized dynamic merging rule considering the connectivity of subclusters is proposed to realize robust merging among subclusters. Finally, public datasets and oblique photography datasets are used for experimental verification. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness and has good feasibility and advancement prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 (RBBP8) affects the prognosis of patients with malignancies through various mechanisms. However, its function in gliomas is unknown. Our study explored the effects of RBBP8 on the prognosis of glioma patients, as well as its regulatory role in the glioma immune microenvironment. We used various bioinformatics methods to analyze the transcriptional profiles and methylation data of RBBP8 in gliomas from multiple databases. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of RBBP8 in gliomas was higher than that in normal tissues and positively correlated with malignant clinical features such as age and WHO grade. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high RBBP8 expression had a poor prognosis. Cox regression demonstrated that RBBP8 was an independent risk indicator and had good diagnostic value for the poor prognosis of glioma. Importantly, RBBP8 was positively correlated with many well-known immune checkpoints (e.g., CTLA4 and PDL-1). Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis revealed that RBBP8 was remarkably enriched in cancer-related pathways such as cell cycle, DNA replication and so on. In conclusion, this study is the first to elaborate on the value of RBBP8 in the pathological process of glioma for anti-tumor immunotherapy. In addition, the expression of RBBP8 and its methylation site, cg05513509, may provide potential targets for glioma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the planting density of summer maize to improve the utilization efficiency of limited soil and water resources is an effective approach; however, how the leaf water-use efficiency (WUEL), yield, and RUE respond to planting density and genotypes remains unclear. A 2-year field experiment was performed in the North China Plain (NCP) to investigate the effects of planting density (high, 100,000 plants ha−1; medium, 78,000 plants ha−1; and low, 56,000 plants ha−1) and genotypes (Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 605) on the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic characteristics, dry-matter accumulation, WUEL, and RUE of maize. The objective was to explore the effect of density and genotype on the WUEL and RUE of maize. Increasing planting density boosted LAI, light interception, dry-matter accumulation, and spike number but reduced the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and 1000-kernel weight. Both high and low planting densities were averse to RUE and yield. Zhengdan 958 increased the WUEL by 19.45% compared with Denghai 605, but the RUE of Denghai 605 was 18.19% higher than Zhengdan 958, suggesting that Denghai 605 had a greater production potential as the planting density increased. Our findings recommend using 78,000 plants ha−1 as the planting density with Denghai 605 to maintain summer maize yields in the NCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Lvwen stone" is a yellow-green carbonate jade gemstone. In this study, the gemological characteristics and color genesis of Lvwen stone were investigated using conventional gemological testing methods and analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of Lvwen stone is mainly Ca, with lesser amounts of Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, and other trace elements. The rare earth element distribution pattern indicates that Lvwen stone is characterized by MREE depletion and a positive Ce anomaly. The mineralogic composition of Lvwen stone is calcite, and trace-element- and crystal-size-induced colors result in its characteristic banded appearance. The white (or light green) bands consist of comparatively coarse calcite crystals (~100 μm) that are oriented perpendicularly to the band plane, accounting for their poor light transmittance. In contrast, the dark green matrix is composed of cryptocrystalline calcite crystals that are uniform in size (~10 μm) and tightly packed, resulting in superior light transmittance. Lvwen stone has a 6A1→4E(4D)d-d intra-ion electronic transition absorption band of Fe3+ at ~380–450 nm and a 2E→2T2(2D)d-d intra-ion electronic transition absorption band of Cu2+ at ~580–780 nm. This indicates that both the intra-ion electronic transitions of Fe3+ and Cu2+ give rise to the unique yellow-green color of the material. Lvwen stone is produced by ultra-high-pressure tectonic fluids in a relatively closed, reducing environment, and the green matrix was formed earlier than the white bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment strategy for colon cancer, a prevalent malignancy. The study intends to probe the function and mechanism of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in colon cancer. Gain or loss of functional assays of PCDH7 was performed. MTT and colony formation assay monitored cell proliferation. Transwell measured migration and invasion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot verified the profiles of PCDH7 and the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. Western blot was implemented to confirm the profiles of PP1α, MLC2, and p-MLC2 for evaluating the impact of PCDH7 on homotypic cells in cell (hocic) structures. Further, an in-vivo nude mouse model was engineered to figure out the function and mechanism of PCDH7 in tumor cell growth. As indicated by the data, PCDH7 knockdown boosted the cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. PCDH7 overexpression facilitated their proliferation and invasion, altered autophagy, induced ferroptosis and hocic, and initiated the profile of the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. MEK1/2/ERK inhibition impaired the inhibitory impact of PCDH7 on colon cancer cells' chemotherapy sensitivity and dampened its pro-cancer function in the cells. In-vivo experiments displayed that PCDH7 overexpression stepped up tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in colon cancer cells. All in all, the research has discovered that PCDH7 knockdown affects autophagy and induces ferroptosis, hence strengthening colon cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy by repressing the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site-specific recombination systems are widely used as bioengineering tools. However, the traditional site-specific recombination system requires a consensus sequence for the specific site. Such sequence-level constraints limit effective recombination between sites. Therefore, in order to develop an efficient site-specific recombination system, we investigated the attC site of the bacterial integration subsystem and built a predictive model to infer the important features that contribute to recombination. Here, we design an attC site prediction algorithm based on a combination optimisation strategy. Based on the structural features of attC sites, the prediction algorithm realises the high-precision prediction of the recombination frequencies between sites and the screening of the top 20 important features that play a role in recombination, which are effective for improving the design method of attC sites. The algorithm has better portability and higher prediction accuracy compared with the existing advanced algorithms, among which the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.87, explained variance score is 0.73, root mean square error is 0.006 and mean absolute error is 0.041. This can not only provide ideas for the research of efficient recombination systems but also provide a theoretical basis for developing genetic engineering further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesh simplification is an effective way to solve the contradiction between 3D models and limited transmission bandwidth and smooth model rendering. The existing mesh simplification algorithms usually have problems of texture distortion, deformation of different degrees, and no texture simplification. In this paper, a model simplification algorithm suitable for 3D reconstruction is proposed by taking full advantage of the recovered 3D scene structure and calibrated images. First, the reference 3D model scene is constructed on the basis of the original mesh; second, the images are collected on the basis of the reference 3D model scene; then, the mesh and texture are simplified by using the reference image set combined with the QEM algorithm. Lastly, the 3D model data of a town in Tengzhou are used for experimental verification. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper basically has no texture distortion and deformation problems in texture simplification and can effectively reduce the amount of texture data, with good feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fastening failures have frequently been found on China high-speed railway curved tracks in recent years. Thus the influence of fastening failures on high-speed train-track interaction in curved track needs to be analyzed. A train-curved slab track interaction model is built, in which the real shape of the curved rail is considered and modeled with reduced beam model (RBM) and curved beam theory, and the slabs are modeled with four-nodes Kirchhoff-Love plate elements. The present model is validated at first with different traditional models. Then the influence of fastening failure in curved slab track on train-track interaction dynamics is studied. A different number of failed fastenings is assumed to occur at the curved track, and different types of fastening failure including the fatigue fracture of the clip structure and failure of the rail pad are considered. Based on the calculation results, the fatigue fracture of the clip structure has little influence on train-track interaction dynamics. But when rail pad failure happens and its equivalent vertical stiffness and damping are less than one-tenth of its original, the fastening failure seriously affects the high-speed train operation safety, and it must be prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first-principles calculations were employed to investigated the interaction of between CeO 2 (1 1 1) and SiO 2 (0 0 1) planes to understand the polishing mechanism. [Display omitted] The adhesion and electronic characteristics of the CeO 2 /SiO 2 heterostructures were examined via the first-principles method. The influence of surface termination of CeO 2 and SiO 2 on the interfacial properties were carefully examined. The structural and electronic characteristics such as densities of states, charge redistribution, charge transfer, and work function are discussed to explain the influence on the interface. The CeO/OSi interfacial configuration exhibited the highest energy favorability among the four different CeO 2 /SiO 2 interface structures. Moreover, the influence of rare earth dopant at the interface on adhesion work was also studied. All considered rare earth impurities (La, Pr, or Nd) on Ce-site at the interface lead to contrasting effects on interfacial interaction within different CeO 2 terminations. Our findings offer valuable insights for formulating high-performance CeO 2 abrasives for quartz glass polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stem of Opuntia species, a traditional medicinal plant, is widely used as food and functional raw material because of its rich polysaccharide content. There have been many studies on the immune function of polysaccharides from Opuntia stem, but only few have examined this function with respect to intestinal microbes. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Opuntia stem polysaccharides on the immunity and intestinal microflora of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice were explored. The results showed that Tibet Opuntia ficus-indica (Linn.) Mill. polysaccharides (ODPs) could effectively increase the white blood cells (WBC) count index of mice and improve their thymus and spleen indices, while effectively promoting the secretion of IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ, with these effects being dependent on the concentration of crude polysaccharides. The intake of ODPs significantly regulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Akkermansia, and the new dominant intestinal bacterial species were Deferribacteres, Actinomycetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Actinomycetes and Pasteurella. In addition, the ODPs could effectively enhance the metabolic level of lysine synthesis and decomposition, regulate the gene expression level after immune disorders, and enhance the overall health of the immunodeficient mice. [Display omitted] • The Tibet Opuntia ficus-indica (Linn.) Mill. polysaccharides (ODPs) have unique properties and biological activity. • The Tibet ODPs have the effect of enhancing the overall health of immunodeficient mice. • The Tibet ODPs can be used as prebiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site-specific recombination systems are widely used as bioengineering tools. However, the traditional site-specific recombination system requires a consensus sequence for the specific site. Such sequence-level constraints limit effective recombination between sites. Therefore, in order to develop an efficient site-specific recombination system, we investigated the attC site of the bacterial integration subsystem and built a predictive model to infer the important features that contribute to recombination. Here, we design an attC site prediction algorithm based on a combination optimisation strategy. Based on the structural features of attC sites, the prediction algorithm realises the high-precision prediction of the recombination frequencies between sites and the screening of the top 20 important features that play a role in recombination, which are effective for improving the design method of attC sites. The algorithm has better portability and higher prediction accuracy compared with the existing advanced algorithms, among which the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.87, explained variance score is 0.73, root mean square error is 0.006 and mean absolute error is 0.041. This can not only provide ideas for the research of efficient recombination systems but also provide a theoretical basis for developing genetic engineering further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) models in real-world settings grows, their open-environment robustness becomes increasingly critical. This study aims to dissect the robustness of deep learning models, particularly comparing transformer-based models against CNN-based models. We focus on unraveling the sources of robustness from two key perspectives: structural and process robustness. Our findings suggest that transformer-based models generally outperform convolution-based models in robustness across multiple metrics. However, we contend that these metrics may not wholly represent true model robustness, such as the mean of corruption error. To better understand the underpinnings of this robustness advantage, we analyze models through the lens of Fourier transform and game interaction. From our insights, we propose a calibrated evaluation metric for robustness against real-world data, and a blur-based method to enhance robustness performance. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results, with mCE scores of 2.1% on CIFAR-10-C, 12.4% on CIFAR-100-C, and 24.9% on TinyImageNet-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic biorefinery integrated with CO 2 reduction to co-produce value-added chemicals and fuels is significant but challenging. Herein, a novel photocatalyst with dual active sites is constructed, in which Ru single atoms coordinated with N 2 O 2 on phosphorus-doped carbon nitride (Ru 1 N 2 O 2 @PCN x) via a pre-assembled pyrolysis strategy. Ru 1 N 2 O 2 @PCN 1.0 catalyst exhibits an exceptional performance in both CO 2 reduction and biorefinery processes, originating from the high photon-to-electron conversion rate. It achieves an extraordinary CO 2 reduction and biorefinery, with 100.1 μmol g−1 h−1 evolution of CO and 91.2% yield of lactic acid. Furthermore, the as-prepared Ru 1 N 2 O 2 @PCN 1.0 is successfully used in biomass-derived monosaccharides and xylan systems, validating the universality for broad applications. Experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that doping P in CN by replacing a corner C atom facilitates charge transfer/separation. Additionally, the introduction of Ru-N 2 O 2 coordination regulates the electronic structure of CN and reduces the reaction energy barrier. [Display omitted] • The dual active moieties of Ru-N 2 O 2 and P-N on CN nanosheets were designed. • Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and biorefinery were achieved simultaneously. • CO evolution rate over Ru 1 N 2 O 2 @PCN x is 2.02 times higher than pure CN. • A high lactic acid yield of 91.2% was obtained over Ru 1 N 2 O 2 @PCN x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: GINS4, an indispensable component of the GINS complex, is vital for a variety of cancer. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between GINS4 and glioma. Thus, this study aims to understand and explain the role of GINS4 in glioma. Method: First, we used the data in the CGGA, TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, and HPA databases to explore the expression level of GINS4 in glioma, the correlation between GINS4 expression and the clinical features of glioma, its impact on the survival of glioma patients, and verified the analysis results through RT-qPCR, IHC, and meta-analysis. Subsequently, GSEA enrichment analysis is used to find the potential molecular mechanism of GINS4 to promote the malignant process of glioma and the anti-glioma drugs that may target GINS4 screened by CMap analysis. Moreover, we further explored the influence of the GINS4 expression on the immune microenvironment of glioma patients through the TIMER database. Results: Our results suggested that GINS4 was elevated in glioma, and the overexpression of GINS4 was connected with a vast number of clinical features. The next, GINS4 as an independent prognostic factor, which can result in an unfavorable prognosis of glioma. Once more, GINS4 may be participating in the oncogenesis of glioma through JAK-STAT signaling pathways, etc. 6-thioguanine, Doxazosin, and Emetine had potential value in the clinical application of drugs targeting GINS4. Finally, the expression exhibited a close relationship with some immune cells, especially Dendritic cells. Conclusion: GINS4 is an independent prognostic factor that led to a poor prognosis of glioma. The present study revealed the probable underlying molecular mechanisms of GINS4 in glioma and provided a potential target for improving the prognosis of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process-induced deformation in composite laminates usually occurs during the curing process and is strongly dependent on the cure parameters. To study the influence of the cure parameters on the warpage deformation, an experimental study was carried out with different heating rates and first dwell times. The full-field process-induced deformation was captured by contactless 3 D scanning system to validate the numerical method. Second, a multi-scale thermo-viscoelastic modeling technique was employed to predict the process-induced deformation. The results showed a good agreement between the simulation and experimental deformation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the numerical model. The influence of six different cure parameters of the vacuum bagging process on the warping deformation and residual stress were considered in the numerical study. Knee points were found on the curves depicting the influence of cure parameters on the maximum residual deformation. Within the manufacturer's specified range, a slower heating rate of 1.5°C/min reduced the process-induced deformation by 7%, while the other parameters affected the process-induced deformation by less than 1.4%. Meanwhile, the residual stress was also reduced with a slower heating rate. Consequently, a lower heating rate is suggested to reduce both the process-induced deformation and the residual stress for thin parts or the zero-bleeding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The carcinogenic effect of NUP37 has been reported recently in a variety of tumors, but its research in the field of glioma has not been paid attention. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between NUP37 and prognosis or clinical characteristics of glioma patients. Methods: First, as a retrospective study, this study included thousands of tissue samples based on a variety of public databases and clinicopathological tissues. Second, a series of bioinformatics analysis methods were used to analyze the NUP37 and glioma samples from multiple databases such as the CGGA, TCGA, GEO, HPA, and GEPIA. Third, to analyze the relationship between the expression level of NUP37 in tumor tissues and cells and a variety of clinical prognostic molecular characteristics, whether it can be an independent risk factor leading to poor prognosis in glioma and whether it has clinical diagnostic value; GSEA was used to analyze the cancer‐related signaling pathways that may be activated by high expression of NUP37. Fifth, CMap was used to analyze small molecule drugs that may inhibit NUP37 expression. Finally, the meta‐analysis of thousands of tissue samples from seven datasets and cell proliferation and migration experiments confirmed that NUP37 has a malignant effect on glioma. Results: NUP37 is highly expressed in glioma patient tissues and glioma cells, significantly correlates with reduced overall survival, and may serve as an independent prognostic factor with some diagnostic value. Silencing NUP37 suppresses malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells. 4 small molecule drugs that had potential targeting inhibitory effects on NUP37 overexpression. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time a malignant role of NUP37 in glioma and provides a vision to unravel the complex pathological mechanisms of glioma and a potentially valuable biomarker for implementing individualized diagnosis and treatment of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidural fibrosis after lumbar laminectomy refers to a serious complication, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts is considered the major factor. Interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-α-2b) can exert antiviral and antiproliferative effects, which has been suggested to effectively prevent several fibrotic diseases. However, the effect of IFN-α-2b on the prevention of epidural fibrosis (EF) and its possible mechanism remain unclear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to examine the possible mechanism of IFN-α-2b for preventing EF. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell cycle test, Edu incorporation, wound healing assay, transwell test, and Western blotting assay were performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of IFN-α-2b on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in vitro. As indicated from the results, IFN-α-2b was capable of inhibiting proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and inhibiting the activity of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad signaling pathway. In vivo, the effect of IFN-α-2b on the reduction of EF was determined by performing histological macroscopic evaluation and histological and immunohistochemical staining. As suggested from the results, IFN-α-2b significantly inhibited EF after laminectomy. As revealed from the mentioned results, IFN-α-2b may have a promising application for preventing EF in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lectins are widely distributed in the natural world and are usually involved in antitumor activities. Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus. A. auricula contains many active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, melanin, flavonoids, adenosine, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenes. In this study, we expected to isolate and purify lectin from A. auricula, determine the glycoside bond type and sugar-specific protein of A. auricula lectin (AAL), and finally, determine its antitumor activities. We used ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to separate and purify lectin from A. auricula. The result was a 25 kDa AAL with a relative molecular mass of 18913.22. Protein identification results suggested that this lectin contained four peptide chains by comparing with the UniProt database. The FT-IR and β-elimination reaction demonstrated that the connection between the oligosaccharide and polypeptide of AAL was an N-glucoside bond. Analyses of its physical and chemical properties showed that AAL was a temperature-sensitive and acidic/alkaline-dependent glycoprotein. Additionally, the anticancer experiment manifested that AAL inhibited the proliferation of A549, and the I C 50 value was 28.19 ± 1.92 μ g / mL. RNA sequencing dataset analyses detected that AAL may regulate the expression of JUN, TLR4, and MYD88 to suppress tumor proliferation. Through the pulmonary flora analysis, the bacterial structure of each phylum in the lectin treatment group was more reasonable, and the colonization ability of the normal microflora was improved, indicating that lectin treatment could significantly improve the bacterial diversity characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many biomarkers have been reported for detecting glioma, the prognosis for the disease remains poor, and therefore, new biomarkers need to be identified. GNG5, which is part of the G-protein family, has been associated with different malignant tumors, though the role of GNG5 in glioma has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to identify the relationship between GNG5 and glioma prognosis and identify a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. Methods: We used data on more than a thousand gliomas from multiple databases and clinical data to determine the expression of GNG5 in glioma. Based on clinical data and CGGA database, we identified the correlation between GNG5 and multiple molecular and clinical features and prognosis using various analytical methods. Co-expression analysis and GSEA were performed to detect GNG5-related genes in glioma and possible signaling pathways involved. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and TIMER were used to detect the relationship between GNG5 and the immune microenvironment. Functional experiments were performed to explore the function of GNG5 in glioma cells. Results: GNG5 is highly expressed in gliomas, and its expression level is positively correlated with pathological grade, histological type, age, and tumor recurrence and negatively correlated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, 1p/19 co-deletion, and chemotherapy. Moreover, GNG5 as an independent risk factor was negatively correlated with the overall survival time. GSEA revealed the potential signaling pathways involved in GNG5 function in gliomas, including cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway. The ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, and TIMER based analysis indicated a correlation between GNG5 expression and various immune cells in glioma. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that GNG5 could participate in glioma cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: Based on the large data platform and the use of different databases to corroborate results obtained using various datasets, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments, our study reveals for the first time that GNG5, as an oncogene, is overexpressed in gliomas and can inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and lead to poor prognosis of patients. Thus, GNG5 is a potential novel biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: XRCC2, a homologous recombination-related gene, has been reported to be associated with a variety of cancers. However, its role in glioma has not been reported. This study aimed to find out the role of XRCC2 in glioma and reveal in which glioma-specific biological processes is XRCC2 involved based on thousands of glioma samples, thereby, providing a new perspective in the treatment and prognostic evaluation of glioma. Methods: The expression characteristics of XRCC2 in thousands of glioma samples from CGGA and TCGA databases were comprehensively analyzed. Wilcox or Kruskal test was used to analyze the expression pattern of XRCC2 in gliomas with different clinical and molecular features. The effect of XRCC2 on the prognosis of glioma patients was explored by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the possible cellular mechanisms involved in XRCC2 in glioma. Connectivity map (CMap) was used to screen small molecule drugs targeting XRCC2 and the expression levels of XRCC2 were verified in glioma cells and tissues by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Results: We found the overexpression of XRCC2 in glioma. Moreover, the overexpressed XRCC2 was associated with a variety of clinical features related to prognosis. Cox and meta-analyses showed that XRCC2 is an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of glioma. Furthermore, the results of GSEA indicated that overexpressed XRCC2 could promote malignant progression through involved signaling pathways, such as in the cell cycle. Finally, doxazosin, quinostatin, canavanine, and chrysin were identified to exert anti-glioma effects by targeting XRCC2. Conclusions: This study analyzed the expression pattern of XRCC2 in gliomas and its relationship with prognosis using multiple datasets. This is the first study to show that XRCC2, a novel oncogene, is significantly overexpressed in glioma and can lead to poor prognosis in glioma patients. XRCC2 could serve as a new biomarker for glioma diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation, thus bringing new insight into the management of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starches are glucose storage compounds in plants and are made up of relatively linear amylose and the heavily branched amylopectin. Starch can be classified into three categories, namely Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), and Resistant Starch (RS). Amylose‐lipid complex (ALC) is a recent addition to the RS category as RS type 5 (RS‐5) due to its resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic resistance of ALC depends on the lipid's molecular structure and the crystalline morphology of the helices. Naturally, present lipids in high amylase‐containing raw plant‐based foods or added lipids can form the ALC during gelatinization or other processing steps. Thermal stability and ease of production with numerous health benefits makes it suitable for research and industrial application. This review focuses on the recent developments in structural characteristics, production methodologies of RS‐5, and its application in food and medical industries. This review will provide a comprehensive overview to the readers about the production and current research development in RS‐5 and will helpful to distil this information to design desired future research studies on RS‐5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the total flavonoids of Radix Tetrastigma (RTF) on inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Extracted RTF was diluted to different concentrations for subsequent experiments. HCC cells were cotreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and RTF to investigate the effects of RTF on LPS-stimulated HCC cells. A CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected with a flow cytometer. Cell migration and invasion were quantified by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression of TLR4 and COX-2 and activation of the NF-κB pathway were determined by Western blotting. Treatment with LPS significantly enhanced cell proliferation and decreased the apoptosis rate, while cell migration and invasion were notably upregulated. RTF suppressed the proliferation and invasion induced by LPS stimulation and promoted HCC cell apoptosis. The protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased and that of Bcl-2 was increased by LPS in HCC cells, which could be rescued by RTF. RTF significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, with RTF treatment, the upregulated expression of TLR4 and COX-2 induced by LPS was obviously downregulated. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 was significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated cells after supplementation with RTF. Our study suggests that RTF exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced enhancement of the malignant behaviors of HCC cells via inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling. RTF may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent to limit HCC development and inflammation-mediated metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N2O is typically present as a trace gas in chemical processes, but its emission causes serious environmental issues. We herein demonstrate that ion-exchanged mordenite zeolites (framework code: MOR) can exhibit high capacities for N2O adsorption under ambient conditions. In particular, a natural MOR zeolite gives an adsorption capacity as high as 0.34 mmol-N2O per g-zeolite (1 atm, 25 °C), representing the best performing material among all zeolite-based adsorbents reported so far. The results contribute toward a comprehensive understanding of the structure–activity relationship and offer insights to establishing a zeolite-based adsorption system for enriching or removing N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ca 5- x (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 : x Eu3+ red-emitting phosphors were synthesized through solid-state reaction, and alkali metal ions A+ (A = Li, Na and K) were co-doped in Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 :Eu3+ to improve its luminescence property. The impacts of synthesis temperature, luminescence center Eu3+ concentration and charge compensator A+ on the structure and luminescence property of samples were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction results indicated that prepared Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 :Eu3+, A+ had a standard Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 structure with space group P 6 3 / m. Under the excitation of 392 nm, Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 :Eu3+ phosphors showed a red emission consisting of several emission peaks at 593 nm, 616 nm and 656 nm, relevant to 5D 0 →7F 1 , 5D 0 →7F 2 and 5D 0 →7F 4 electron transitions of Eu3+ ions, respectively. Luminescence intensity and lifetime of Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 :Eu3+ can be significantly enhanced through co-doping alkali metal ion A+, which play an important role as charge compensator. The results suggest that Ca 5 (PO 4) 2 SiO 4 :Eu3+, A+ red phosphors with excellent luminescence property are expectantly served as red component for white light-emitting diodes excited by near-ultraviolet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A bicriteria approximation algorithm for Max k -Uncut with ratio at least 1/2. • A bicriteria approximation algorithm for Densest k -Subgraph with ratio at least 1/4. • A new perspective to the Densest k -Subgraph problem. The Max k -Uncut problem arose from the study of homophily of large-scale networks. Given an n -vertex undirected graph G = (V , E) with nonnegative weights defined on edges and a positive integer k , the Max k -Uncut problem asks to find a partition { V 1 , V 2 , ⋯ , V k } of V such that the total weight of edges that are not cut is maximized. This problem is the complement of the classic Min k -Cut problem, and was proved to have surprisingly rich connection to the Densest k -Subgraph problem. In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm for Max k -Uncut using a non-uniform approach combining LP-rounding and the greedy strategy. The algorithm partitions the vertices of G into at least (1 − 1 e) k parts in expectation, and achieves a good expected approximation ratio 1 2 (1 + (n − k n) 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational investigation was conducted to understand the effects of various parameters on nozzle flow and cavitation in a diesel fuel injector for a diesel engine. The effects of injector parameters were simulated for different conditions including the injection pressure, the outlet pressure, the position of the needle lift, and the length of the nozzle. Results show that some parameters have obvious influence on cavitation associated with nozzle flow. When the outlet pressure was constant, the velocity through the nozzle increased with the injection pressure, resulting in the cavitation at the injection pressure over 120 MPa. When the injection pressure was constant, the velocity inside nozzle decreased with the outlet pressure. As the needle tip moved closer to the bottom of minisac, the velocity inside nozzle decreased and the cavitation did not take place. The length of the nozzle hole had little effect on the velocity at inlet, but it affected the velocity distribution at outlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some NP-hard problems in the prediction of RNA structures. Prediction of RNA folding structure in RNA nucleotide sequence remains an unsolved challenge. We investigate the computing algorithm in RNA folding structural prediction based on extended structure and basin hopping graph, it is a computing mode of basin hopping graph in RNA folding structural prediction including pseudoknots. This study presents the predicting algorithm based on extended structure, it also proposes an improved computing algorithm based on barrier tree and basin hopping graph, which are the attractive approaches in RNA folding structural prediction. Many experiments have been implemented in Rfam14.1 database and PseudoBase database, the experimental results show that our two algorithms are efficient and accurate than the other existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast-synthesized Cu-ERI with a proper copper loading exhibited unprecedented high NH3-SCR activity even after severe hydrothermal aging, which is even comparable to that of Cu-CHA, the commercial catalyst for NH3-SCR. • A fast-synthesized ERI zeolite was proven to be highly active in NH 3 -SCR. • Copper loading was crucial to the hydrothermal stability and the NH 3 -SCR activity. • Different copper locations in the Cu-ERI zeolite were proposed. • The structure-activity relationship of Cu-ERI in NH 3 -SCR reaction was elucidated. ERI zeolite is a small-pore zeolite that has been rarely explored as a catalyst in the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with ammonia (NH 3 -SCR) as the performance has been considered to be limited by its insufficient hydrothermal stability. We herein report that a fast-synthesized ERI zeolite, which can be synthesized in only 2 h at a high temperature (210 °C), shows much enhanced hydrothermal stability than the conventional ERI zeolite due to the presence of less silanol defects. The fast-synthesized ERI zeolite with an optimal copper loading (equaling a Cu/Al ratio of 0.20) is demonstrated to be highly active in the NH 3 -SCR, which even rivals Cu-SSZ-13 – the benchmark NH 3 -SCR catalyst. Various characterization techniques are employed to characterize the copper species in the fast-synthesized ERI zeolite in order to understand its high hydrothermal stability and NH 3 -SCR activity. The results indicate that the copper species sitting at different locations exhibit variant hydrothermal stability and NH 3 -SCR activity, suggesting the importance of the interplay between the copper species and the zeolite host. With a deep understanding into the structure-activity relationship, this work presents that the fast-synthesized ERI zeolite holds potential to emerge as a robust NH 3 -SCR catalyst for emission control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The function of pressure has long been overlooked in the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, which is typically carried out under an autogenous pressure (below 2 MPa). We herein report, the first of its kind, a detailed investigation on the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites under external high pressures, where crystallization behaviors contradicting the common observations were generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Fracture fixation and surgical procedures have a very important impact on the final outcome of fracture healing, but the adverse outcome of fracture healing is the result of the combined action of surgical procedures and a series of four-dimensional space events. OBJECTIVE: To explore the four-dimensional space events in fracture healing. METHODS: China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Medline were retrieved, with the key words of "fracture healing, femoral fracture, stress shielding, fracture and blood flow" in Chinese and English. Retrieval of relatively macroscopic factual descriptions corresponds to the four-dimensional space events of fracture healing process, including logically supported and refuted evidence. Combined with literature review, the main four-dimensional space events after fracture fixation were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main four-dimensional space events after fracture fixation include blood flow tides, mechanical and biological impulses, grinding disc effect of small gap in hard tissue, stress shielding effect and four-dimensional space drift effect of internal fixation material. Fractures and surgical trauma are accompanied by months of super-compensatory blood flow tides, so there is no ischemia in the macro-level after fracture surgery, but the grinding disc effect will occur in the small gap of hard tissue under unstable condition, resulting in contusion injury and micro-ischemia in the fracture gap. Stress shielding effect caused by too strong fixation is an important reason for refracture after internal fixation removal and bone atrophy and thinning after internal fixation. The small axial drift of plate fixation screw may have important theoretical significance. It has "intelligent' axial dynamic effect, which can make the stress shared by plate gradually decrease with the healing of fracture. Discussing the four-dimensional space events of fracture healing will provide basic logic for the regulation of fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y 2- x (MoO 4) 3- y (BO 3) y : x Sm3+ and Y 2- x (MoO 4) 3- y (PO 4) y : x Sm3+ orange-red phosphors were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction. The effects of Sm3+ doping concentration and substitution by anion groups BO 3 3− and PO 4 3− on the crystal structure and luminescent performance were studied in detail. XRD results indicated that all samples had a standard Y 2 (MoO 4) 3 structure with space group Pbcn, and BO 3 3− and PO 4 3− entered the lattice without initiating an impurity phase. At an excitation of 404 nm, the Y 2- x (MoO 4) 3 : x Sm3+ orange-red phosphors exhibited three narrow-band emissions at 567 nm, 605 nm, and 652 nm, due to transitions of 4G 5/2 → 6H 5/2 , 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 and 4G 5/2 → 6H 9/2 of Sm3+, respectively. In addition, substitution of MoO 4 2− by BO 3 3− and PO 4 3− resulted in significant improvement of the luminescence of the Y 2 (MoO 4) 3- y (BO 3) y :Sm3+ and Y 2 (MoO 4) 3- y (PO 4) y :Sm3+ phosphors compared to Y 2 (MoO 4) 3 :Sm3+ phosphors, especially in terms of luminescent intensity. The results indicated that Y 1.9 (MoO 4) 2.97 (BO 3) 0.03 :0.1Sm3+ and Y 1.9 (MoO 4) 2.94 (PO 4) 0.06 :0.1Sm3+ orange-red phosphors, having excellent luminescence, are promising orange-red components for warm white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line integral convolution (LIC) is a useful visualization technique for a vector field. However, the output image produced by LIC has many problems in a marine vector field. We focus on the visual quality improvement when LIC is applied in the ocean steady and unsteady flow field in the following aspects. When a white noise is used as the input in a steady flow field, interpolation is used to turn the discrete white noise into continuous white noise to solve the problem of discontinuity. The "cross" high-pass filtering is used to enhance the textures of streamlines to be more concentrated and continuity strengthened for each streamline. When a sparse noise is used as the input in a steady flow field, we change the directions of background sparse noise according to the directions of vector field to make the streamlines clearer and brighter. In addition, we provide a random initial phase for every streamline to avoid the pulsation effect during animation. The velocities of vector field are encoded in the speed of the same length streamlines so that the running speed of streamlines can express flow rate. Meanwhile, to solve the problem of obvious boundaries when stitching image, we change the streamline tracking constraints. When a white noise is used as an input in an unsteady flow field, double value scattering is used to enhance the contrast of streamlines; moreover, the "cross" high-pass filtering is also adopt instead of two-dimensional high-pass filtering. Finally, we apply the above methods to a case of the surface wave field in typhoon condition. Our experimental results show that applying the methods can generate high-quality wave images and animations. Therefore, it is helpful to understand and study waves in typhoon condition to avoid the potential harm of the waves to people's lives and property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to isolate starch and evaluate its chemical and structural characteristics from six Chinese hulless barley (HB) cultivars. Starch isolated from naked barley displays A‐type crystalline packing and a regular granular shape. We measured peak viscosity values ranging from 237 to 264 cP, trough viscosity values from 305 to 380 cP, breakdown values from 390 to 535 cP, final viscosities from 357 to 523 cP, setback values from 245 to 354 cP and 383 to 460 cP, peak times from 5.53 to 5.73 min, and pasting temperatures from 93.10 to 94.65°C by RVA. Transition temperatures (T0, Tp, and Tc), gelatinization temperature ranges (ΔTr), and enthalpies of gelatinization (ΔH) were measured on a differential scanning calorimeter analyzer (DSC) and ranged from 57.81 to 61.25°C, 64.36 to 67.57°C, 82.03 to 84.70°C, and 21.52 to 26.89°C and 7.14 to 10.66 J/g, respectively. The varying chemical and structural characteristics of HB starch isolated from different cultivars suggested the potential for broader applications of the cereal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary charge transfer cocrystals self-assembly for FET application are realized by cooperative electron donor−acceptor interactions. Cocrystal contained perylo[1,12- b , c , d ]thiophene (PET) and TCNQ exhibited a hole mobility of 0.04 cm2V−1s−1, while cocrystal formed by PET and F 4 TCNQ give rise to an electron mobility of 0.05 cm2V−1s−1. Charge transfer properties of PET -based cocrystals were tuned by changing the acceptor from TCNQ to F 4 TCNQ. The polarity of PET based charge transfer cocrystal was tuning from P-type to N-type by changing acceptor from TCNQ to F 4 TCNQ. Image 1 • Binary charge transfer cocrystals self-assembly for FET application are realized. • Cocrystal contained perylo[1,12- b , c , d ]thiophene (PET) and TCNQ exhibited a hole mobility of 0.04 cm2V−1s−1. • Cocrystal formed by PET-F 4 TCNQ give rise to an electron mobility of 0.05 cm2V−1s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Post-synthesis treatment is an effective way to modify zeolites to acquire desirable properties. Here, we present an ultrafast post-synthesis treatment to prepare core-shell structured zeolite, which is composed of a ZSM-5 core and a silicalite-1 shell. The pure silica shell, which is aimed to remove the Brønsted acid sites associated with the framework Al on the external surface of aluminosilicate core, was formed unprecedentedly within several minutes by our method. Complementary techniques, such as XRD, TG/DTA, SEM, TEM, ICP, and XPS, were employed to verify the successful coverage of the silicalite-1 shell onto the ZSM-5 core. By adjusting the treating period, temperature, and reactant compositions, the thickness of the shell can be easily tuned. Further, this ultrafast process enabled the establishment of a continuous flow reaction system, which could allow the mass production of core-shell structured zeolite catalysts. Graphical abstract Description: An established ultrafast post-synthesis treatment resulted in the formation of coreshell structured ZSM-5@Silicalite within only several minutes. Thickness of the shell formed can be facilely controlled by this treatment. Image 1 Highlights • Core-shell structured ZSM-5@Silicalite-1 catalyst was prepared within only several minutes. • The silcalite-1 shell thickness can be facilely controlled. • The ultrafast preparation enabled the establishment of a continuous flow reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeVO 4 -based photocatalysts have been actively studied, but to the best of our knowledge, P-doped CeVO 4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity has not been reported. Herein, novel P-doped CeVO 4 nanorods were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The doped P exists as PO 4 tetrahedron which replaces VO 4 tetrahedron. The crystal size, specific surface area, and light absorption ability of CeVO 4 were tuned after doping CeVO 4 by P. In particular, the separation and transmission efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs were improved due to the internal electric field caused by the large charge density around PO 4 tetrahedron. This conclusion was also confirmed by DFT calculations. The photocatalytic activities of different samples were tested via photodegradation of aqueous organic pollutants, and a feasible mechanism of photocatalytic reaction was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While bottom‐up syntheses of ordered nanostructured materials at colloidal length scales have been successful at producing close‐packed materials, it is more challenging to synthesize non‐close‐packed (ncp) structures. Here, a metal oxide nanostructure with ncp hollow sphere arrays was synthesized by combining a polymeric colloidal crystal template (CCT) with a Pechini precursor. The CCT provided defined confinement through its tetrahedral (Td) and octahedral (Oh) voids where the three‐dimensionally (3D) ordered, ncp hollow sphere arrays formed as a result of a crystallization‐induced rearrangement. This nanostructure, consisting of alternating, interconnected large and small hollow spheres, is distinct from the inverse opal structures typically generated from these CCTs. The morphology of the ncp hollow sphere arrays was retained in pseudomorphic transformations involving sulfidation and reoxidation cycling despite the segregation of zinc during these steps. Airy architecture: A new concept for the fabrication of nanostructures featuring 3D ordered, non‐close‐packed hollow sphere arrays is demonstrated through controlling dynamic changes in interfacial properties between template and precursor. The polymeric colloidal crystal provides defined confinement through its tetrahedral and octahedral voids where the arrays are formed as a result of a crystallization‐induced rearrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While bottom‐up syntheses of ordered nanostructured materials at colloidal length scales have been successful at producing close‐packed materials, it is more challenging to synthesize non‐close‐packed (ncp) structures. Here, a metal oxide nanostructure with ncp hollow sphere arrays was synthesized by combining a polymeric colloidal crystal template (CCT) with a Pechini precursor. The CCT provided defined confinement through its tetrahedral (Td) and octahedral (Oh) voids where the three‐dimensionally (3D) ordered, ncp hollow sphere arrays formed as a result of a crystallization‐induced rearrangement. This nanostructure, consisting of alternating, interconnected large and small hollow spheres, is distinct from the inverse opal structures typically generated from these CCTs. The morphology of the ncp hollow sphere arrays was retained in pseudomorphic transformations involving sulfidation and reoxidation cycling despite the segregation of zinc during these steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of RNA structure with pseudoknots is a nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem; according to minimum free energy models and computational methods, we investigate the RNA-pseudoknotted structure. Our paper presents an efficient algorithm for predicting RNA structure with pseudoknots, and the algorithm takes O(n3) time and O(n2) space, the experimental tests in Rfam10.1 and PseudoBase indicate that the algorithm is more effective and precise. The predicting accuracy, the time complexity and space complexity outperform existing algorithms, such as Maximum Weight Matching (MWM) algorithm, PKNOTS algorithm and Inner Limiting Layer (ILM) algorithm, and the algorithm can predict arbitrary pseudoknots. And there exists a 1+ε (ε>0) polynomial time approximation scheme in searching maximum number of stackings, and we give the proof of the approximation scheme in RNA-pseudoknotted structure. We have improved several types of pseudoknots considered in RNA folding structure, and analyze their possible transitions between types of pseudoknots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the ultrafast synthesis of *BEA zeolite, which constitutes one of the most industrially important zeolites. A pure *BEA phase was successfully synthesized within 10 min at 210 °C by carefully tuning the composition of the initial reactant mixture. To date, the ultrafast synthesis of several industrially important zeolites is achieved with the aid of aging pretreatment, followed by high temperature hydrothermal treatment. In this study, we first demonstrated the 10-min synthesis of *BEA zeolite employing organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs), without any aging process. The employment of sealed pipe reactor in conjunction with the optimization of chemical composition of starting materials are critical in obtaining pure *BEA phase in a short time. The fast-synthesized *BEA zeolite possesses properties that are similar to those synthesized by conventional hydrothermal synthesis methods in terms of crystallinity and micropore volume. A comprehensive investigation on the effects of various parameters on the seed-assisted crystallization of *BEA zeolite was also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aluminum phosphate protection material had high compatibility with limestone. • The mechanical strength of limestone weathering layer was improved by aluminum phosphate. • The wettability of the weathering layer was reduced and the durability was improved. • Aluminum phosphate was nucleated and stacked in situ with the aid of limestone matrix. The surface weathering of open-air limestone caused by long-term acid-rain erosion and thermal stress is an urgent issue to solve. In this study, seven concentrations of diammonium phosphate and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (fixed molar ratio of 1000:1) were used to generate aluminum phosphate protective materials in situ with high lattice matching with calcite for surface consolidation. The compatibility test, mechanical property evaluation, and protective mechanism of the material were elucidated by color change, porosity, permeability, surface hardness, infinite compressive strength, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that aluminum phosphate had good aesthetic compatibility and water–vapor exchange balance with the matrix and surrounding environment. Meanwhile, the surface coating grown by crystal accumulation could play a role in filling pores and agglomerated particles, thereby improving the hardness (83.5 HD), infinite compressive strength (4.05 MPa), and acid-rain erosion resistance of the limestone weathering layer. Aluminum phosphate can play a vital role in the treatment and prevention of limestone surface-weathering diseases and has high research value and broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]