Search

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of a multiparameter model based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) metabolic parameters and clinical variables in differentiating nonmetastatic gallbladder cancer (GBC) from cholecystitis. Patients and methods: In total, 122 patients (88 GBC nonmetastatic patients and 34 cholecystitis patients) with gallbladder space-occupying lesions who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were included. All patients received surgery and pathology, and baseline characteristics and clinical data were also collected. The metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET, including SUVmax (maximum standard uptake value), SUVmean (mean standard uptake value), SUVpeak (peak standard uptake value), MTV (metabolic tumour volume), TLG (total lesion glycolysis) and SUVR (tumour-to-normal liver standard uptake value ratio), were evaluated. The differential diagnostic efficacy of each independent parameter and multiparameter combination model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The improvement in diagnostic efficacy using a combination of the above multiple parameters was evaluated by integrated discriminatory improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and bootstrap test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Results: The ROC curve showed that SUVR had the highest diagnostic ability among the 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.698; sensitivity = 0.341; specificity = 0.971; positive predictive value [PPV] = 0.968; negative predictive value [NPV] = 0.363). The combined diagnostic model of cholecystolithiasis, fever, CEA > 5 ng/ml and SUVR showed an AUC of 0.899 (sensitivity = 0.909, specificity = 0.735, PPV = 0.899, NPV = 0.758). The diagnostic efficiency of the model was improved significantly compared with SUVR. The clinical efficacy of the model was confirmed by DCA. Conclusions: The multiparameter diagnostic model composed of 18F-FDG PET metabolic parameters (SUVR) and clinical variables, including patient signs (fever), medical history (cholecystolithiasis) and laboratory examination (CEA > 5 ng/ml), has good diagnostic efficacy in the differential diagnosis of nonmetastatic GBC and cholecystitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by high expression of prostate-specific 1membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II transmembrane protein. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) has high sensitivity and specificity and can therefore be potentially used to detect PCa. Exploiting the advantages of PSMA PET imaging, in this study, we aim to develop a novel radiopharmaceutical to facilitate biopsy punching of PCa. Methods: We synthesized a high-affinity radiopharmaceutical of PSMA (125I-PSMA-7). We evaluated the properties of 125I-PSMA-7, including the purity, stability, affinity, partition coefficient, and toxicity. (PSMA+) 22Rv1 and (PSMA−) PC3 cell lines were used to evaluate 125I-PSMA-7 in vitro. BALB/c nude mice bearing 22Rv1 and PC3 xenografts were used for biodistribution and imaging. The uptake of the main organs was evaluated in vivo using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Results: 125I-PSMA-7 had a purity of 99.6% and remained stable for seven days and was therefore always safe to use. 125I-PSMA-7 had a Ki of 4.037 × 10−11 and a partition coefficient of −1.80. The results of in vitro cellular experiments showed a high uptake by 22Rv1 cells (ranging from 2.88 ± 0.14 IA%/106 at 5 min to 61.98 ± 3.43 IA%/106 at 24 h, where the internalization was 46.1% at 1 h and 88.06% at 24 h). However, the uptake of PC3 cells was very low (ranging from 0.34 ± 0.08 IA%/106 at 5 min to 1.60 ± 0.15 IA%/106 at 24 h). The tumors' uptake of 125I-PSMA-7 ranged from 9.02 ± 0.30 ID%/g at 1 h to 4.11 ± 1.04 ID%/g at 7 d and the tumor/muscle ratios and tumor/blood ratios increased over time. In addition, we used γ-counter to measure cpm per milligram of tumor and muscle on days 4 and 7. The background on day 4 is 42 cpm and the tumor is 1739 cpm/mg and the muscle is 45 cpm/mg, and the background on day 7 is 74 cpm and the tumor is 1404cpm/mg and the muscle is 32 cpm/mg. At 1 h post-injection, the high uptake of 125I-PSMA-7 resulted in clear delineation of 22Rv1-derived tumors upon imaging. By comparison, 22Rv1-blocking mice took up less 125I-PSMA-7. Conclusions: These results show that 125I-PSMA-7 is a promising radiotracer that could be used to puncture the prostate. 125I-PSMA-7 could be applied to targeted biopsy, reducing the need for saturated biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: PSMA/PET has been increasingly used to detect PCa, and PSMA/PET-guided biopsy has shown promising results. However, it cannot be confirmed immediately whether the tissues are the targeted area. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7. First, we hope that [123I]I-PSMA-7 can provide instant confirmation for prostate biopsy. Second, we hope it will help detect PCa.We synthesized a high-affinity probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7, and evaluated its properties. We included ten patients with suspected PCa and divided them into two groups. The injection and biopsy were approximately 24 h apart. The activity in biopsy lesions was measured as the cpm by a γ-counter. Moreover, we enrolled 3 patients to evaluate the potential of [123I]I-PSMA-7 for detecting PCa.Animal experiments verified the safety, targeting and effectiveness of [123I]I-PSMA-7, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was greatest at 24 h, which confirmed the results of this study in humans. After injection of 185MBq [123I]I-PSMA-7, 18/55 cores were positive, and the cpm was significantly greater (4345 ± 3547 vs. 714 ± 547, P < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.97 and a cutoff of 1312 (sens/spec of 94.40%/91.90%). At a lower dose, 10/55 biopsy cores were cancerous, and the cpm was 2446 ± 1622 vs. 153 ± 112 (P < 0.001). The AUC was 1, with a cutoff value of 490 (sens/spec of 100%). When the radiopharmaceuticals were added to 370 MBq, we achieved better SPECT/CT imaging.With the aid of [123I]I-PSMA-7 and via cpm-based biopsy, we can reduce the number of biopsies to a minimum operation. [123I]I-PSMA-7 PSMA SPECT/CT can also provide good imaging results.Chinese Clinical trial registry ChiCTR2300069745, Registered 24 March 2023Methods: PSMA/PET has been increasingly used to detect PCa, and PSMA/PET-guided biopsy has shown promising results. However, it cannot be confirmed immediately whether the tissues are the targeted area. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7. First, we hope that [123I]I-PSMA-7 can provide instant confirmation for prostate biopsy. Second, we hope it will help detect PCa.We synthesized a high-affinity probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7, and evaluated its properties. We included ten patients with suspected PCa and divided them into two groups. The injection and biopsy were approximately 24 h apart. The activity in biopsy lesions was measured as the cpm by a γ-counter. Moreover, we enrolled 3 patients to evaluate the potential of [123I]I-PSMA-7 for detecting PCa.Animal experiments verified the safety, targeting and effectiveness of [123I]I-PSMA-7, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was greatest at 24 h, which confirmed the results of this study in humans. After injection of 185MBq [123I]I-PSMA-7, 18/55 cores were positive, and the cpm was significantly greater (4345 ± 3547 vs. 714 ± 547, P < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.97 and a cutoff of 1312 (sens/spec of 94.40%/91.90%). At a lower dose, 10/55 biopsy cores were cancerous, and the cpm was 2446 ± 1622 vs. 153 ± 112 (P < 0.001). The AUC was 1, with a cutoff value of 490 (sens/spec of 100%). When the radiopharmaceuticals were added to 370 MBq, we achieved better SPECT/CT imaging.With the aid of [123I]I-PSMA-7 and via cpm-based biopsy, we can reduce the number of biopsies to a minimum operation. [123I]I-PSMA-7 PSMA SPECT/CT can also provide good imaging results.Chinese Clinical trial registry ChiCTR2300069745, Registered 24 March 2023Results: PSMA/PET has been increasingly used to detect PCa, and PSMA/PET-guided biopsy has shown promising results. However, it cannot be confirmed immediately whether the tissues are the targeted area. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7. First, we hope that [123I]I-PSMA-7 can provide instant confirmation for prostate biopsy. Second, we hope it will help detect PCa.We synthesized a high-affinity probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7, and evaluated its properties. We included ten patients with suspected PCa and divided them into two groups. The injection and biopsy were approximately 24 h apart. The activity in biopsy lesions was measured as the cpm by a γ-counter. Moreover, we enrolled 3 patients to evaluate the potential of [123I]I-PSMA-7 for detecting PCa.Animal experiments verified the safety, targeting and effectiveness of [123I]I-PSMA-7, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was greatest at 24 h, which confirmed the results of this study in humans. After injection of 185MBq [123I]I-PSMA-7, 18/55 cores were positive, and the cpm was significantly greater (4345 ± 3547 vs. 714 ± 547, P < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.97 and a cutoff of 1312 (sens/spec of 94.40%/91.90%). At a lower dose, 10/55 biopsy cores were cancerous, and the cpm was 2446 ± 1622 vs. 153 ± 112 (P < 0.001). The AUC was 1, with a cutoff value of 490 (sens/spec of 100%). When the radiopharmaceuticals were added to 370 MBq, we achieved better SPECT/CT imaging.With the aid of [123I]I-PSMA-7 and via cpm-based biopsy, we can reduce the number of biopsies to a minimum operation. [123I]I-PSMA-7 PSMA SPECT/CT can also provide good imaging results.Chinese Clinical trial registry ChiCTR2300069745, Registered 24 March 2023Conclusion: PSMA/PET has been increasingly used to detect PCa, and PSMA/PET-guided biopsy has shown promising results. However, it cannot be confirmed immediately whether the tissues are the targeted area. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7. First, we hope that [123I]I-PSMA-7 can provide instant confirmation for prostate biopsy. Second, we hope it will help detect PCa.We synthesized a high-affinity probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7, and evaluated its properties. We included ten patients with suspected PCa and divided them into two groups. The injection and biopsy were approximately 24 h apart. The activity in biopsy lesions was measured as the cpm by a γ-counter. Moreover, we enrolled 3 patients to evaluate the potential of [123I]I-PSMA-7 for detecting PCa.Animal experiments verified the safety, targeting and effectiveness of [123I]I-PSMA-7, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was greatest at 24 h, which confirmed the results of this study in humans. After injection of 185MBq [123I]I-PSMA-7, 18/55 cores were positive, and the cpm was significantly greater (4345 ± 3547 vs. 714 ± 547, P < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.97 and a cutoff of 1312 (sens/spec of 94.40%/91.90%). At a lower dose, 10/55 biopsy cores were cancerous, and the cpm was 2446 ± 1622 vs. 153 ± 112 (P < 0.001). The AUC was 1, with a cutoff value of 490 (sens/spec of 100%). When the radiopharmaceuticals were added to 370 MBq, we achieved better SPECT/CT imaging.With the aid of [123I]I-PSMA-7 and via cpm-based biopsy, we can reduce the number of biopsies to a minimum operation. [123I]I-PSMA-7 PSMA SPECT/CT can also provide good imaging results.Chinese Clinical trial registry ChiCTR2300069745, Registered 24 March 2023Trial registration: PSMA/PET has been increasingly used to detect PCa, and PSMA/PET-guided biopsy has shown promising results. However, it cannot be confirmed immediately whether the tissues are the targeted area. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7. First, we hope that [123I]I-PSMA-7 can provide instant confirmation for prostate biopsy. Second, we hope it will help detect PCa.We synthesized a high-affinity probe, [123I]I-PSMA-7, and evaluated its properties. We included ten patients with suspected PCa and divided them into two groups. The injection and biopsy were approximately 24 h apart. The activity in biopsy lesions was measured as the cpm by a γ-counter. Moreover, we enrolled 3 patients to evaluate the potential of [123I]I-PSMA-7 for detecting PCa.Animal experiments verified the safety, targeting and effectiveness of [123I]I-PSMA-7, and the tumor-to-muscle ratio was greatest at 24 h, which confirmed the results of this study in humans. After injection of 185MBq [123I]I-PSMA-7, 18/55 cores were positive, and the cpm was significantly greater (4345 ± 3547 vs. 714 ± 547, P < 0.001), with an AUC of 0.97 and a cutoff of 1312 (sens/spec of 94.40%/91.90%). At a lower dose, 10/55 biopsy cores were cancerous, and the cpm was 2446 ± 1622 vs. 153 ± 112 (P < 0.001). The AUC was 1, with a cutoff value of 490 (sens/spec of 100%). When the radiopharmaceuticals were added to 370 MBq, we achieved better SPECT/CT imaging.With the aid of [123I]I-PSMA-7 and via cpm-based biopsy, we can reduce the number of biopsies to a minimum operation. [123I]I-PSMA-7 PSMA SPECT/CT can also provide good imaging results.Chinese Clinical trial registry ChiCTR2300069745, Registered 24 March 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the role of F-alfatide positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting the short-term outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced NSCLC had undergone F-alfatide PET/CT scans before CCRT and PET/CT parameters including maximum and mean standard uptake values (SUV/SUV), peak standard uptake values (SUV) and tumor volume (TV and TV) were obtained. The SUV of tumor and normal tissues (lung, blood pool and muscle) were measured, and their ratios were denoted as T/NT (T/NT, T/NT and T/NT). Statistical methods included the Two-example t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and logistic regression analyses. Results: We found that SUV, SUV, T/NT, T/NT and T/NT were higher in non-responders than in responders ( P = 0.0024, P = 0.016, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.004). According to ROC curve analysis, the thresholds of SUV, SUV, T/NT, T/NT and T/NT were 5.65, 4.46, 7.11, 5.41, and 11.75, respectively. The five parameters had high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in distinguishing non-responders and responders. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that T/NT was an independent predictor of the short-term outcome of CCRT in patients with advanced NSCLC ( P = 0.032). Conclusions: F-alfatide PET/CT may be useful in predicting the short-term outcome of CCRT in patients with advanced NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: CYP3A4 plays an important role in the metabolism of a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Earlier studies revealed that a high-activity variation of the CYP3A4 gene, CYP3A4*1B is significantly associated with the precocious puberty in girls. Other three variations, CYP3A4*4, CYP3A4*5 and CYP3A4*6, which were found in a study carried out in a Chinese population in Taiwan, were reported to down-regulate the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4. The four activity SNPs were typed in our study in two groups of Chinese girls: 176 girls with precocious puberty as the case group, and 192 normal girls as the control group. No variations of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A4*4 were found in all the cases and controls. Heterozygous of CYP3A4*5 was found in five subjects of the 192 controls but none in the cases, heterozygous of CYP3A4*6 was found in two subjects of the controls but none in the cases. Fisher''s exact test showed that the variation of CYP3A4*5 was associated with the onset of puberty in Chinese girls (P-trend=0.038), while the variation of CYP3A4*6 was not associated with the onset of puberty in Chinese girls (P-trend=0.272). The result suggests that these mutations in the CYP3A4 gene have no contribution to the early onset of puberty in Chinese girls, but are related in some way with the puberty development in Chinese girls. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The study investigated the predictive value of tumor angiogenesis observed by 18F-ALF-NOTA-PRGD2 II (denoted as 18F-Alfatide II) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) before concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for treatment response and survival among patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).Methods: Patients with unresectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC (AJCC Cancer Staging 7th Edition) who received CCRT were included in this prospective study. All patients had undergone 18F-Alfatide PET/CT scanning before CCRT, and analyzed parameters included maximum uptake values (SUVmax) of primary tumor (SUVP) and metastatic lymph nodes (SUVLN) and mean uptake value of blood pool (SUVblood). Tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) and changes in tumor diameter before and after CCRT (ΔD) were calculated. The ratios of SUVP to SUVblood, SUVLN to SUVblood, and SUVP to SUVLN were denoted as TBRP, TBRLN, and T/LN. Short-term treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.Results: Of 38 enrolled patients, 28 completed CCRT. SUVP, SUVLN, TBRP, TBRLN and T/LN showed significant correlation with PFS (all P < 0.05). SUVP was negatively correlated with OS (P = 0.005). SUVP and TBRP were higher in non-responders than in responders (6.55 ± 2.74 vs. 4.61 ± 1.94, P = 0.039; 10.49 ± 7.58 vs. 7.73 ± 6.09, P = 0.023). ΔD was significantly greater in responders (2.78 ± 1.37) than in non-responders (-0.16 ± 1.33, P < 0.001). Exploratory receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified TBRP (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.764, P = 0.018), with a cutoff value of 6.52, as the only parameter significantly predictive of the response to CCRT, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 71.43%, 78.57%, and 75.00%, respectively. ROC curve analysis also identified SUVP (AUC = 0.942, P < 0.001, cutoff value 4.64) and TBRP (AUC = 0.895, P = 0.001, cutoff value 4.95) as predictive of OS with high sensitivity (84.21%, 93.75%), specificity (100.00%, 66.67%), and accuracy (89.29%, 82.14%).Conclusions: Evaluation of tumor angiogenesis by 18F-Alfatide II at baseline may be useful in predicting the short-term response to CCRT as well as PFS and OS in patients with LA-NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple-input single-output (MISO) have extraordinary propagation properties, making it possible to further improve the performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). In this paper, a tilted MISO-UWOC system consists of a beam array and an aperture averaged detector, academically called multiple-input aperture-average (MIAA) systems, are proposed. Different from the original approach where beams are parallel to each other, the tilted approach has a series of multiple beam transmitters individually aimed at the receiver. The MIAA systems are extensively compared to single-input single-output (SISO) systems on scintillation index and SNR for various oceanic turbulence conditions and system configurations by wave optics simulation (WOS). Our results reveal that tilted MIAA systems show tremendous advantages over the parallel MIAA systems including the reduced scintillation and the improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) under the same configuration. The obtained results can be useful for the UWOC system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the recently proposed power-law spectrum for oceanic turbulence [Opt. Express 26 , 10188 (2018)] and the Rytov approximation, the new and exact theoretical forms for the wave structure function (WSF) of plane and spherical waves propagating in turbulent ocean are derived. To make the results easy to use, the simple formulas for the WSF and the associated spatial coherence radius in certain asymptotic regimes are also developed. Through numerical analysis, it is found that the existing results based on the Nikishov's spectrum predict a higher values for the WSF and thus a lower values for the spatial coherence radius than our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]