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Little is known about the causes of the decline in blue mussel populations in the North Atlantic. If mussel beds are to be protected, and maybe even restored, we need knowledge about environmental conditions under which blue mussels can survive and grow. Wave exposure impacts the growth and abundance of blue mussels by impacting food availability, predation, competition and sedimentation. In the field it is difficult to separate the effects of the different variables, and we therefore wanted to perform a simple, but controlled, mesocosm study on the impact of wave exposure on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) growth. We placed three replicate blue mussels in each of 12 mesocosm basins, of which six had high and six had low wave level. Each of the 36 blue mussels were measured weekly for 13 summer weeks and the measured parameters (length, width, thickness, weight and displacement volume) were analysed against wave exposure and time using a non-parametric Generalised Additive Model (GAM). Surprisingly, we found no effect of wave exposure on any of the parameters. This could be because wave exposure is not as important as we have believed, but that it usually captures other factors, such as sedimentation, predation and competition. It could also be explained by the level and span in wave exposure being too low, failing to generate measurable effects. Our advice for future studies is to increase the difference in wave exposure levels, but still perform controlled studies to separate the effect of wave exposure from other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel two-sample test for a broad class of orthogonally invariant positive definite symmetric matrix distributions. Our test is the first of its kind, and we derive its asymptotic distribution. To estimate the test power, we use a warp-speed bootstrap method and consider the most common matrix distributions. We provide several real data examples, including the data for main cryptocurrencies and stock data of major US companies. The real data examples demonstrate the applicability of our test in the context closely related to algorithmic trading. The popularity of matrix distributions in many applications and the need for such a test in the literature are reconciled by our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste is underutilized, and sometimes burning them has a negative impact on the environment and human health. This research investigates the untapped potential of extracts from maize, wheat and sunflower waste as natural materials for cutaneous, specifically, cosmetic application. The possibility of incorporating lipid and ethanol extracts from wheat, maize, and sunflower into creams was investigated together with their potential contribution to the structural and functional properties of the topical formulations. Results of the physicochemical characterization show that investigated extracts can be successfully incorporated into creams with satisfactory stability. All extracts showed a desirable safety profile and good antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Lipid extracts have proven to be promising structural ingredients of the oil phase, contributing to the spreadability, occlusivity, and emollient effect. Ethanol extracts influenced washability and stickiness of the formulation and could be considered as prospective ingredients in self-preserving formulations. The extracts affected the sensory properties of the creams, mainly the smell and color. These results suggest that the extracts from wheat, maize, and sunflower waste could be used as multifunctional natural ingredients for cosmetic formulations which can replace less sustainable raw materials. This also represents a valorization of waste and is in line with broader sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐high‐speed synchrotron‐based hard X‐ray (i.e. above 10 keV) imaging is gaining a growing interest in a number of scientific domains for tracking non‐repeatable dynamic phenomena at spatio‐temporal microscales. This work describes an optimized indirect X‐ray imaging microscope designed to achieve high performance at micrometre pixel size and megahertz acquisition speed. The entire detector optical arrangement has an improved sensitivity within the near‐ultraviolet (NUV) part of the emitted spectrum (i.e. 310–430 nm wavelength). When combined with a single‐crystal fast‐decay scintillator, such as LYSO:Ce (Lu2−xYxSiO5:Ce), it exploits the potential of the NUV light‐emitting scintillators. The indirect arrangement of the detector makes it suitable for high‐dose applications that require high‐energy illumination. This allows for synchrotron single‐bunch hard X‐ray imaging to be performed with improved true spatial resolution, as herein exemplified through pulsed wire explosion and superheated near‐nozzle gasoline injection experiments at a pixel size of 3.2 µm, acquisition rates up to 1.4 MHz and effective exposure time down to 60 ps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection of dynamic compression, high-rate material response and X-ray science has seen rapid growth, leading to the establishment of specialized end-stations at international facilities such as Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS (Matter at Extreme Conditions – MEC) and Advanced Photon Source APS (Dynamic Compression Sector – DCS), both USA. Although these facilities excel in working with X-rays tailored for small material volumes (i.e. $\lt 1\, {\rm mm}^3$ < 1 mm 3 ), it needs a different approach to delve into subsequent processes. This is particularly the case in the transition from the micro- to mesoscale: here the ESRF distinguishes itself. The large beam size (several cm2) of the ID19 beamline, in conjunction with a strong high energy component, source flux density, and outstanding imaging sensitivity, enables sub-surface visualization of engineering-scale structures as well as natural systems in representative volume, under high rate and shock. This is particularly valuable when studying materials with complex mesostructures and heterogeneities on relevant volumetric scales, which often dominate the dynamic material response. The study of the behavior of materials under dynamic loading presents a unique challenge due to inherently spanning over multiple lengths- and timescales. The evolution of sudden (thermo)mechanical excitation, starting from the lattice scale and progressing through grains, phase domains, and ultimately to structures, exhibits a spectrum of responses spanning from the microscopic to bulk length scales. Consequently, a diverse range of diagnostics as well as driver instrumentation is required to identify, study, and characterize this material response spectrum. This article shall introduce platforms available at beamline ID19 and underline their potential by selected showcase applications. Community access proposals such as the beamtime Block Allocation Group (BAG) allow for access in a routine manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweeds are foundation species on rocky shores that are exposed to a series of stressors. These include wave exposure, desiccation, grazing, and human activities, with habitat fragmentation as a common result. As part of climate and biodiversity changes, we are expecting increased winds and more frequent storm events, warmer climate, and trophic downgrading of ecosystems, causing overgrazing events. Here, we present the results from a two-factorial mesocosm experiment on the relationship between wave exposure, habitat fragmentation and growth (branching and tip elongation) of Fucus vesiculosus in the intertidal and upper subtidal. We found that intertidal seaweeds branched significantly more at low than high wave exposure. There was no effect of habitat fragmentation on branching, and no effects on tip growth from either wave exposure or habitat fragmentation. The experiment suffered greatly from uncontrolled grazing. Gastropod coverage was higher inside seaweed patches than in the seaweed free areas between and outside of the patches. In basins with highly fragmented seaweed patches, we found more gastropods at low than high wave exposure, whereas in basins with low fragmentation we found more gastropods at higher wave exposure. The percent coverage of gastropods in the basins did not seem to impact seaweed growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a vast theory of Chebyshev and residual polynomials and their asymptotic behavior. The former ones maximize the leading coefficient and the latter ones maximize the point evaluation with respect to an L ∞ norm. We study Chebyshev and residual extremal problems for rational functions with real poles with respect to subsets of R ¯ . We prove root asymptotics under fairly general assumptions on the sequence of poles. Moreover, we prove Szegő–Widom asymptotics for sets which are regular for the Dirichlet problem and obey the Parreau–Widom and DCT conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new potential characterization of Osserman algebraic curvature tensors. An algebraic curvature tensor is Jacobi-orthogonal if J X Y ⊥ J Y X holds for all X ⊥ Y , where J denotes the Jacobi operator. We prove that any Jacobi-orthogonal tensor is Osserman, while all known Osserman tensors are Jacobi-orthogonal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current flat-plate solar collectors perform best when their absorbers rotate around their axis. However, with their concentrators, reflectors, and tracking mechanisms, they take up a lot of space and are thus commercially speaking, not the best solutions. This paper proposes a novel solar collector design which employs the (relative) rotation of absorbers, but strives to combine the benefits of fixed and (absolute) tracking solar systems, i.e. volume occupancy from the former and thermal performance from the latter. The findings of our numerical analysis show that, the solar irradiance efficiency of this novel design is 20% higher than that of a fixed flat-plate collector during clear-sky days, and it is equally lower than that of an absolute tracking collector. This paper also introduces a new criterion for describing single-axis tracking solar collectors which should be included in the classifications of solar collectors. Finally, the article, which represents a continuation of our research in the field of solar energy utilization, can contribute to the future development of solar technologies and solve some of the current challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While extensive research on traditional model species has significantly advanced the biological sciences, the ongoing search for new model organisms is essential to tackle contemporary challenges such as human diseases or climate change, and fundamental phenomena including adaptation or speciation. Recent methodological advances such as next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and imaging are widely applicable and have simplified the selection of species with specific traits from the wild. However, a critical milestone in this endeavor remains the successful cultivation of selected species. A historically overlooked but increasingly recognized group of non-model organisms are cave dwellers. These unique animals offer invaluable insights into the genetic basis of human diseases like eye degeneration, metabolic and neurological disorders, and basic evolutionary principles and the origin of adaptive phenotypes. However, to take advantage of the beneficial traits of cave-dwelling animals, laboratory cultures must be established—a practice that remains extremely rare except for the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. For most cave-dwelling organisms, there are no published culturing protocols. In this study, we present the results of our multi-year effort to establish laboratory cultures for a variety of invertebrate groups. We have developed comprehensive protocols for housing, feeding, and husbandry of cave dwellers and their surface relatives. Our recommendations are versatile and can be applied to a wide range of species. Hopefully our efforts will facilitate the establishment of new laboratory animal facilities for cave-dwelling organisms and encourage their greater use in experimental biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on the common symptoms and early diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer. The study analyzed 69 respondents with BCC and found that different symptoms were more common in different types of BCC. The study also emphasized the importance of dermoscopy as a reliable diagnostic method for early detection of BCC. Additionally, the article discusses the distribution and clinical characteristics of BCC, noting that it is more commonly diagnosed in females and younger individuals. The document also includes information on superficial spreading BCC and references to other relevant studies on BCC. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Aim. Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children with febrile neutropenia (FN) after receiving chemotherapy could be followed by atypical symptoms and signs. The absence of routine urine culture (UC) sampling for analysis could lead to undiagnosed disease and inadequate treatment of these patients. The aim of the study was to indicate the importance of sampling UC in children who have developed FN and to point out the most probable causative agents of UTI in children with FN and antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of the isolated strains. Methods. During a five-year observation period, 40 UTIs were registered in 30 patients with FN. In the study group of patients with FN, the number of UTIs, the number of recurrent UTIs, isolated pathogens, their sensitivity to antibiotics, characteristics of urine sediment, the presence of localized symptoms of UTI, and the presence of urosepsis were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with the control group which consisted of children who were healthy prior to hospitalization due to febrile urinary infection. Results. When compared to the control group, significant differences in the presence of symptoms of UTI and urine sediment findings in patients with FN were observed. A higher percentage of resistant strains of Escherichia coli isolated from UC of cancer patients with FN was noted when compared to the control group. Three UTI cases were followed by urosepsis. Conclusion. UC findings are important not only in establishing the diagnosis of UTI and detecting multi-resistant bacterial strains but also in choosing appropriate antibiotics and selecting a subgroup of patients with recurrent UTI who require further monitoring and detecting potential complications in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beef meat has exceptional nutritional value that distinguishes it from other types of meat and makes it a highly valued food. However, the meat of cattle as well as other ruminants, is characterized by a more complex fatty acid profile compared to the meat of monogastric animals. This complexity is a consequence of the activity of the rumen microflora. In recent decades, changes in animal breeding, feeding practices, and modern slaughtering techniques imparted significant progress in improving beef's nutritional, sensory and market value. Different proportions of concentrated feed and roughages, as well as their types, affect the composition of intramuscular fat. Excluding genetic factors and production practices, nutrition emerges as the main factor influencing the fatty acid profile of beef meat. Today, numerous studies support the nutritional approach to modifying the fatty acid composition of beef meat by using selected feedingstuffs. Therefore, this review aims to collect and systematize data as a guide for implementing such a nutritional strategy in practice, with the health benefits of the final consumers in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues against Galen Strawson’s criticism of the narrativist identity thesis. Strawson points out that the narrativist thesis fails to portray those with an episodic perception of themselves. I claim that episodicity is rather problematic and that we should question the validity of this notion. The first step in this goal is to decipher Strawson’s basis of the self which is an amalgam between the cultural and social and is perceived differently by different people. Afterwards, I will try to use the claims derived from Strawson’s basis and apply the critique of his method. I pose a question about the relationship between episodic and diachronic and, ultimately, argue that both culturally and biologically, assuming the diachronic aspect of the self is necessary, apart from the very small number of cases. In this sense, the main conclusion is that Strawson’s thesis is limiting but does not pose a valid alternative to the narrativist identity thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives. Diet is the crucial environmental factor in sporadic colorectal cancer. Its complexity and diversity reflect our cultural and historical background, and could potentially explain why the existing public health strategies focused on colorectal cancer are failing. Materials and methods. An observational cross-sectional study encompassed 60 non-metastatic CRC patients to assess dietary factors related to colorectal cancer, with regard to their traditional diet i.e. the region they come from. Patients were recruited from two regions (30 patients per region), in one (Slavonia) traditional diet is abundant in well-known dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer, and in the second (Dalmatia) traditional diet is the Mediterranean type. Results. Based on the logistic regression analysis, patients from Dalmatia have a 24% higher risk for the high-risk diet in comparison to patients from Slavonia (OR = 1.240, 95% CI 1.195 - 9.990, P=0.022). Identified independent risk factors include weight loss in the last 3 months along with daily alcohol consumption which were found to increase CRC risk by 61.4% and 53.1%, respectively. Conclusions. Our results support statistical data showing that colorectal cancer incidence is higher in the Mediterranean region, suggesting a shift in the Mediterranean dietary pattern, which in our case were higher obesity rates, daily alcohol consumption and abundance of unfavorable dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generalize the property of Jacobi-orthogonality to indefinite scalar product spaces. We compare various principles and investigate relations between Osserman, Jacobi-dual, and Jacobi-orthogonal algebraic curvature tensors. We show that every quasi-Clifford tensor is Jacobi-orthogonal. We prove that a Jacobi-diagonalizable Jacobi-orthogonal tensor is Jacobi-dual whenever ∂X has no null eigenvectors for all nonnull X. We show that any algebraic curvature tensor of dimension 3 is Jacobi-orthogonal if and only if it is of constant sectional curvature. We prove that every 4-dimensional Jacobidiagonalizable algebraic curvature tensor is Jacobi-orthogonal if and only if it is Osserman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/purpose: During the 1999 NATO attack on Yugoslavia, three new weapons were used and tested for the first time. The first is the strategically invisible B-2 bomber, the second is the new JDAM (Joint Direct Attack Ammunition) and the third is the "soft bomb", or the blackout bomb, made of thin electrically conductive fibers. The aim of the paper is to present the new combat devices used during the aggression on the FRY and to quantitatively detect the elements of electrically conductive fibers. The paper also presents the lawsuit of the Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. The lawsuit was rejected. Methods: Physical and chemical analyzes of the fibers were performed. An electron microscope, SEM JSM Jeol 6610LV, was used to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of electrically conductive fibers. It provides the information on the morphology of the sample surface, resulting in a highresolution image.The microscope is equipped with an X-ray detector (Oxford Instrumets X-Max 20 mm2) for EDS analysis (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). It enables the determination of the chemical composition of the material in the analyzed sample volume, based on the interaction between the directed electron beam and the sample atom. Results: The characteristics of the B-2 stealth aircraft used to bomb the FRY are shown. The JDAM bomb is an improved ordinary MK bomb with electronic devices added to guide the bomb via satellites. A semiquantitative analysis of the fibers was performed on the SEM, confirming that the metal layer of the fiber predominantly consists of aluminum, and the non-metallic layer has the highest proportion of silicon dioxide. The fiber is carcinogenic. Conclusion: In 1999, the territory of Yugoslavia was a testing ground for new combat weapons of NATO aviation - B-2 and JDAM guided bombs. Blackout bombs were dropped on the electrical power systems of Yugoslavia leaving the whole Serbia without electricity for hours. Not only was the bombing-caused environmental pollution radiological and chemical but it was also caused by glass-aluminum electrically conductive fibers as pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of complete commercially available feeds with varying nutritive profiles in the diet of juvenile largemouth bass (LMB) reared in a closed tank system. LMB is a lean fish rich in health-promoting ω3 fats. It is a promising new species for aquaculture worldwide, given its lack of intramuscular bones and delicious taste. Conditions for rearing LMB in tank systems as well as its nutritive demands from the early life stage have not yet been defined. The results of this study revealed monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) ω3 fatty acids to be important nutrients for juvenile LMB, with MUFA possibly outbalancing the potential negative effects of oxidative stress caused by membrane-stabilizing ω3 fats. In addition, this study suggested an interesting feature of juvenile LMB: to sacrifice the development of some parts of the skeleton (possibly scales) for rapid growth. Among the tested feeds, one was selected as optimal for tank-reared juvenile LMB. This study aimed to evaluate different commercial diets (Otohime C1, Aller Futura (AF), Biomar Inicio Plus (BIP)) and one experimental feed (EF) in terms of their effectiveness as post-larval diets for indoor weaned largemouth bass, LMB (Micropterus salmoides). Key variations in the content of nutritive values were monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) ω3. Fish were fed with one of four tested diets from the 33rd to the 40th day post-hatch (DPH). Biometric indices, digestive enzyme-specific activities, thyroid hormone status, and mRNA expression of genes coding for skeleton, neuron, and muscle growth were analyzed. The lowest skeletal deformity rate and highest survival among the treatments were seen in BIP-fed fish. Dietary lipids, with an appropriate balance between MUFA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), alongside amino acid balance, were shown to be the main contributors to the growth of the skeleton and/or fish survival. On the other hand, fish growth is correlated with fish digestive capacity and feed moisture percent rather than feed quality. Unexpectedly, BIP-fed fish were attributed with the lowest expression of skeleton differentiation markers, which may reflect the sacrifice of scale and/or cranium growth at the expense of somatic growth. This study highlights the role of non-marine ingredients in the nutrition of post-larval LMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lévy distribution, alongside the Normal and Cauchy distributions, is one of the only three stable distributions whose density can be obtained in a closed form. However, there are only a few specific goodness-of-fit tests for the Lévy distribution. In this paper, two novel classes of goodness-of-fit tests for the Lévy distribution are proposed. Both tests are based on V-empirical Laplace transforms. New tests are scale free under the null hypothesis, which makes them suitable for testing the composite hypothesis. The finite sample and limiting properties of test statistics are obtained. In addition, a generalization of the recent Bhati–Kattumannil goodness-of-fit test to the Lévy distribution is considered. For assessing the quality of novel and competitor tests, the local Bahadur efficiencies are computed, and a wide power study is conducted. Both criteria clearly demonstrate the quality of the new tests. The applicability of the novel tests is demonstrated with two real-data examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to data from the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) from 2021, the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in European countries was between 67 and 170 per 100,000 inhabitants with an average survival rate of 8%. The European country with the highest OHCA survival rate of 25% is Norway, where the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course has been an integral part of the national school curriculum since 1961.1-3 Aim: To examine general knowledge about recognizing emergency situations and the correct procedure for performing CPR among high school students and teachers in the General Gymnasium in Valpovo, Croatia. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 47 teachers and 47 students in the second grade. An anonymous survey containing 10 questions with 4 proposed answers was used, and the number of correct answers was unknown. Results: Knowledge of the etiology of cardiac arrest and the purpose of CPR is unsatisfactory among both teachers and students (2% of teachers vs 0% of students answered correctly). Teachers achieved better results in questions about the EpiPen mechanism of action (51% compared to 17% of students), accurate localization of pulse palpation in unconscious persons (68% compared to 60% of students) and recognition of situations in which emergency medical help should be called (38% compared to 26% of students), while the students achieved better results regarding the correct ratio of heart massage and ventilation during the CPR procedure (38% compared to 15% of teachers). Knowledge of proper handling of an unconscious person was satisfactory in both observed groups. Conclusion: First aid and CPR courses should be understood as lifelong learning programs that should be implemented at a young age and repeated regularly. As a result, the survival rate of OHCA would increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated host response to infection.1 Myocardial dysfunction is common in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Establishing the diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy is a great challenge, and echocardiography as a key diagnostic tool provides several possibilities for the diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is present in 50-60% of patients with sepsis. Right ventricular dysfunction is present in 50-55% of cases, while isolated right ventricular dysfunction is present in 47% of cases.2,3 Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is very common in septic shock, and this represents an early biomarker and has prognostic significance.4 Aim: To examine the influence of sepsis on systolic and diastolic myocardial function in patients with sepsis and septic shock using echocardiographic parameters. Patients and Methods: The research included 20 adult patients with a diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2, hospitalized at the University Hospital Centre Osijek. Each patient underwent two echocardiographic evaluations: the first one on the second day of hospitalization, and the second between the seventh and tenth day of hospitalization for comparison. Key echocardiographic parameters were monitored, which included mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), left ventricular ejection fraction according to Simpson biplane, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic wave prime (S') for assessment of left and right ventricular systolic function, and for assessment of left ventricular diastolic function the early diastolic transmitral flow by Doppler (E wave), late diastolic transmitral flow by Doppler (A wave) E/A ratio, mitral annular velocity obtained by tissue Doppler (E'), E/E' ratio, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Results: In the follow-up examination, compared to the first examination, the values of E' were significantly higher (median 1.0 vs. 0.06) (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.01), and IVRT values were significantly lower (median 81 vs. 99), while there were no other significant differences between measured values in two examinations (Table 1). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a reversible form of diastolic dysfunction caused by sepsis. It is a common phenomenon in septic cardiomyopathy, where cardiac function can be significantly compromised in the acute phase, but with appropriate treatment, function is restored within a few days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgenerational effects enable the transmission of environmental cues from parents to offspring. Adaptive maternal effects are expected to evolve if the maternal (or parental) environment contains information about the environment experienced by offspring. This correlation between maternal and offspring environments should be strongest in plant species with reduced dispersal ability. However, studies relating dispersal ability to the strength of maternal effects are rare. This study aimed to explore whether and how the dispersal distance of species and individuals affects offspring plant performance. Using seven common European plant species, we conducted a multi‐year common garden experiment exposing maternal plants to three different water conditions (mesic, drought and waterlogging). At the end of the season in the first year, seed heads were collected from the lower and upper parts of each mother plant and used for dispersal distance calculation. Offspring coming from the maternal lower and upper parts were exposed to the same water treatments as mothers. Contrasting our hypothesis, we found that maternal water experience and species' dispersal abilities did not influence offspring performance (plant aboveground, belowground, reproductive and dead biomass). We did not detect maternal effects, meaning that offspring plants with the same water conditions as their mothers had the same fitness as offspring with different water conditions. However, opposite to our expectations, the longer dispersal distance of individual seeds ensured a stronger maternal effect when exposed to the same water stress as their mothers. Consequently, a stressful environment would select for long‐distance dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant population spread has fundamental ecological and evolutionary importance. Both determinants of plant population spread, fecundity and dispersal, can be density‐dependent, which should cause feedback between population densities and spread dynamics. Yet it is poorly understood how density‐dependence affects key characteristics of spread: spread rate at which the location of the furthest forward individual moves, edge depth (the geographical area over which individuals contribute to spread) and population continuity (occupancy of the spreading population).We present a general modelling framework for analysing the effects of density‐dependent fecundity and dispersal on population spread and parameterize this framework with experimental data from a common‐garden experiment using five wind‐dispersed plant species grown at different densities.Our model shows that density‐dependent fecundity and dispersal strongly affect all three population spread characteristics for both exponential and lognormal dispersal kernels. Spread rate and edge depth are strongly correlated but show weaker correlations with population continuity. Positive density‐dependence of fecundity increases all three spread characteristics. Increasingly positive density‐dependence of dispersal increases spread rate and edge depth but generally decreases population continuity. Density‐dependent fecundity and dispersal are largely additive in their effect on spread characteristics. For population continuity, the joint effects of density‐dependent fecundity and dispersal are somewhat contingent on the dispersal kernel.The common‐garden experiment and the experimentally parameterized mechanistic dispersal model revealed density‐dependent fecundity and dispersal across study species. All study species exhibited negatively density‐dependent fecundity, but they differed qualitatively in the density‐dependence of dispersal distance and probability of long‐distance dispersal. The negative density‐dependence of fecundity and dispersal found for three species reinforced each other in reducing spread rate and edge depth. The positively density‐dependent dispersal found for two species markedly increased spread rate and edge depth. Population continuity was hardly affected by population density in all study species except Crepis sancta in which it was strongly reduced by negatively density‐dependent fecundity.Synthesis. Density‐dependent fecundity and seed dispersal profoundly alter population spread. In particular, positively density‐dependent dispersal should promote the spread and genetic diversity of plant populations migrating under climate change but also complicate the control of invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition are important factors contributing to the nutritional value of meat. Beef meat is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) which can contribute to elevated serum cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease in humans. Consumer concerns regarding the association between beef consumption and chronic cardiovascular diseases have motivated increased interest in developing strategies for reducing the lipid content and improving the fatty acid (FA) composition of beef. Although beef fat quality is determined by many factors, such as breed, gender, age, live weight, fatness degree, but the bovine diet has a key role in enhancing the nutritional quality of beef lipids. Nutritional strategies to improve the FA composition of beef focussed mainly on reducing the SFA and the n-6:n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, simultaneously increasing the PUFA of beef fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kratovska Reka is a short (17.3 km) left tributary of Kriva Reka, whose watershed (68.5 km2) is located on the northwestern slopes of the Osogovo Mountains (North Macedonia). Due to the favorable natural conditions and anthropogenic factors, the Kratovska Reka catchment is under a high risk of natural hazards, especially water erosion and landslide occurrences. For this reason, the paper presents an approach of modelling of potential erosion and areas susceptible to the above-mentioned hydro-meteorological hazards in the Kratovska River catchment. Firstly, this study analyzed the main geographical features that contribute to intensive erosion processes in the area. Then, using the Gavrilović EPM erosion potential method, an average value of 0.56 was obtained for the erosion coefficient Z, indicating areas prone to high erosion risk. Furthermore, by using landslide susceptibility analysis (LSA), terrains susceptible to landslides were identified. The results shows that 1/3 of the catchment is very susceptible to mass movements in wet conditions (landslides). According to the combined multi-hazard model, 3.13% of the total area of the Kratovska River catchment is both at high risk of landslides and under severe erosion. The Kratovska River catchment is significantly endangered by the excessive water erosion processes (39.86%), especially on the steep valley sides, i.e., terrains that are completely exposed, under sparse vegetation, and open to the effects of distribution/concentration of the rainfall amounts throughout the year. Identifying locations with the highest erosion risk serves as the initial step in defining and implementing appropriate mitigation measures across local and regional scales, thus enhancing overall resilience to environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent empirical research on internal migration has focused on the change in migration volume, before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, by the degree of urbanization. Less is known about the types of rural areas that are attracting internal migrants. This study aims to explore the changes in internal rural migration patterns in Serbia due to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the types of rural settlements as places of destinations and types of urban settlements as places of the origin of migrants. Relying on the additionally processed official national annual statistical data for the period 2018–2021, we offer findings on the differences in volume and socio-demographic characteristics of migrants across six internal migration flows (from small towns, medium-sized towns, and large cities, to suburban and non-suburban rural settlements). The results reveal that the pandemic affected an increase of rural–rural migration as well as rural in-migration from mediumsized towns. We also find that after an initial drop in values for in- and out-migration rates in 2020, relocation intensity exceeded the pre-pandemic level in 2021, with a positive net migration rate for all age groups except 15–30. The unfavorable economic characteristics of rural in-migrants shifted slightly in pandemic years since the share of active and population with personal means rose in non-suburban settlements, while the percentage of dependent population decreased. The opposite holds for suburban settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two methods (theoretical and numerical) for the thermal analysis of the previously experimentally installed solar collector construction at the Faculty of Engineering in Kragujevac -- a fixed flat-plate solar collector with Sn-Al2O3 selective absorber and gravity water flow. The theoretical research was based on the application of a specific calculation algorithm with a triple iterative procedure, i.e. with a three-stage check of all important performance indicators of the fixed flat-plate solar collector. In the numerical phase of the research, simple linear regression was applied to experimentally measured values of solar radiation intensity and experimentally determine values of heat power to form simple equations that could be used to predict the thermal performance of similar solar structures in the future. The results of theoretical and numerical studies showed agreement with experimental studies, because in the first case, the absolute measurement error was less than 10%, while in the second case, the determination coefficient was greater than 90%, so the authors hope that this work will be useful to the wider scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper talks about the facts that were established in the research of the origin of fruits and vegetables in the markets of Novi Sad. The results of the research are presented using graphic and cartographic methods. Observed illogicalities are clarified in communication with consumers and sellers. The obtained results were compared with foreign works. One of the goals of the work was to determine the extent of suburban agriculture, which should be the most competitive with others further away from the city. Economic factors have a decisive influence from where the city will be supplied with fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dinaric Karst is a global hotspot for subterranean diversity, with two distinct peaks of species richness in the northwest and southeast, and an area of a lower species richness in the central part. In this article, we present a species list and describe the ecological conditions of the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system, located in the central part of the Dinaric Karst. This cave system is the deepest and one of the most logistically challenging cave systems sampled so far in the Dinaric Karst. Repeated sampling resulted in a list of 45 species, including 25 troglobionts, 3 troglophiles, 16 stygobionts, and 1 stygophile. Most of the recorded species are endemic to the Velebit Mountain, while three species are endemic to the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system. Within the system, species richness peaks in the deepest third of the cave, most likely reflecting the harsh ecological conditions in the upper parts, including ice, cold winds, and occasional waterfalls. Milder and more stable deeper parts of the cave contain a rich subterranean species community, part of which is associated with two very distinct aquatic habitats, the cave hygropetric and the phreatic zone. The newly recognized hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in the central Dinaric Karst, which has emerged between the two known centers of biodiversity, further highlights the species richness in large cave systems, but also challenges the diversity patterns in the Dinaric Karst overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop insurance is used to reduce risk in agriculture. This research is focused on selecting an insurance company that provides the best policy conditions for crop insurance. A total of five insurance companies that provide crop insurance services in the Republic of Serbia were selected. To choose the insurance company that provides the best policy conditions for farmers, expert opinions were solicited. In addition, fuzzy methods were used to assess the weights of the various criteria and to evaluate insurance companies. The weight of each criterion was determined using a combined approach based on fuzzy LMAW (the logarithm methodology of additive weights) and entropy methods. Fuzzy LMAW was used to determine the weights subjectively through expert ratings, while fuzzy entropy was used to determine the weights objectively. The results of these methods showed that the price criterion received the highest weight. The selection of the insurance company was made using the fuzzy CRADIS (compromise ranking of alternatives, from distance to ideal solution) method. The results of this method showed that the insurance company DDOR offers the best conditions for crop insurance for farmers. These results were confirmed by a validation of the results and sensitivity analysis. Based on all of this, it was shown that fuzzy methods can be used in the selection of insurance companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to evaluate the reproductive potential of hatchery-reared (F1) pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) broodstock fed a commercial diet with low levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Lc-PUFA) and wild (F0) pike-perch broodstock fed forage fish. Reproductive parameters, including pseudogonadosomatic index (PGSI), egg size, latency time, hatching rate, embryo survival, and eggs' fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as plasma sex hormone, glucose and immunoglobulin levels after hormone injection, were analyzed. The results showed low PGSI (10% in F1 vs. 14% in F0) and embryo survival (24% in F1 vs. 61% in F0) in F1 broodstock, but a satisfactory hatching rate (63% in F1 vs. 78% in F0) and larval size (4.6 mm in F1 vs. 4.7 mm in F0). A low arachidonic acid (ARA) percentage in F1 fish eggs (1.32%), along with increased immunoglobulin levels (17.31 g/L), suggests that immune system activation might have depleted the reserves of ARA in F1 fish, which is the key fatty acid for successful oocyte maturation. We assumed that the administration of more sustainable diets, based on terrestrial plant ingredients, is not inferior to higher-quality diets based on marine ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we present an in-depth description of the colorimetric values for the lowest section of the Dukatar Loess Palaeosol Sequence (LPS) pedocomplex S5. Formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13-15, it represents the oldest pedocomplex exposed at the base of the Titel loess plateau (TLP), near the confluence of the Tisa and Danube rivers in Vojvodina (northern Serbia). The results of low-field magnetic susceptibility measurements (X/r)were compared to colour properties (obtained by conventional methods as well as instrumental measuring) and quantified Soil Development Indices (SDI). Of these measurements we found that the Redness Index (RI1) yielded the most useful results, as this index appears most sensitive to lithological changes and soil development intensity. It was also observed that a high level of correlation existed between X/r, and a* chromaticity. The initial results of this study highlight the utility of colorimetric methods as an interdisciplinary tool when evaluating the presence of ferromagnetics, and the application of rock magnetism to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene LPS of the Middle Danube Basin. The presented approach can be used to observe the evolution of climatic and ecological conditions in the given study area, and for establishing correlations between sites extending over the Eurasian LPS provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very little is known about the feeding of naupliar and juvenile life stages of omnivorous fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca). Here, we aim to reveal whether the fairy shrimp Branchinecta orientalis is an ontogenetic omnivore and at which age and ontogenetic stage they gain the ability to feed on zooplankton. We assess how food uptake rates change with age until reaching maturity by providing algae (pico- and nanoplanktonic unicellular algae) and zooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) as food in individual experiments. We found that the fairy shrimp B. orientalis started to feed on both types of algal prey immediately after hatching. Nanoplanktonic algae likely represented the most important food source until reaching maturity. Moreover, fairy shrimps started to feed on zooplankton already when they were 7 days old. Slow-moving rotifers gradually gained importance in the fairy shrimp diet with time. Our results reveal an ontogenetic change in the prey spectrum of fairy shrimp. The systematic shift towards omnivory likely affects both phyto- and zooplankton community composition, possibly contributing to temporal changes in food web dynamics in fairy shrimp habitats, and temporary ponds, which may warrant more detailed investigations in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: High flesh quality, along with a good potential for intensive farming in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), make the pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) a valuable fish species both from the industry and the research point of view. Although high electricity demands have been attributed to it, fish farming in a RAS is recognized as the key strategy for sustainable fish farming, given its minimal usage of natural resources as well as its independence of outdoor weather conditions. Although the older juvenile stages of pike-perch are well adapted to indoor rearing conditions, the larval and early juvenile stages seem to be particularly sensitive to indoor rearing. Switching to the indoor production of pike-perch larvae would support the continuous, weather-independent, production of fish throughout the year. Hence, our study aimed to identify the pros and cons of rearing pike-perch larvae and early juveniles (nursing period) in indoor versus outdoor systems. For this purpose, we compared the effects of pike-perch nursing in both systems on the later growth and survival of the fish. Our results show that, although nursing indoors increases fish mortality, it provides a basis for improved fish growth later in life. This can eventually shorten the period for the production of market-size fish, and, along with the advantages related to the year-round production of larvae, provide higher yields to fish farmers in the long run. This study aimed to estimate the efficacy of two pike-perch juvenile production technologies: exclusive Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) culture (the RAS group) and pond larviculture with a transfer to the RAS at the 42nd day post-hatch (DPH). Both direct weaning on dry feed (the Pond-D group) and 10-day gradual weaning using bloodworms (the Pond-B group) after transfer to the RAS were evaluated in pond-nursed fry. Their survival and morphometric indices were monitored after the RAS habituation period (first 10 days), after the 18-day post-habituation period and after an additional 30 days of on-grow. Our results indicate a negative allometric growth of the pond-nursed fish during the nursing period, which was slower (p < 0.0001) in comparison to the RAS-nursed fry (16.3 ± 0.4 vs. 17.8 ± 0.7%/day). After transfer, these fish grew faster than the RAS-nursed fry (7.7 ± 0.1, 4.9 ± 0.5 and 6.1 ± 0.6 during habituation, 8.5 ± 0.6, 9.3 ± 0.5 and 6.7 ± 0.1%/day during post-habituation period, in the Pond-B, Pond-D and RAS groups, respectively). However, four weeks afterwards, the RAS-nursed fry were again superior in terms of growth (4.0 ± 0.1, 3.6 ± 0.2 and 4.6 ± 0.2%/day, for the Pond-B, Pond-D and RAS groups, respectively), and this was accompanied by a significantly lower feed conversion ratio in this group. Although the survival of the RAS-nursed fry during the nursing period was lower in comparison to the pond-reared fry (11.3 vs. 67.3%), the RAS seems to provide a long-term growth advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a vast theory of the asymptotic behavior of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a measure on \mathbb {R} and its applications to Jacobi matrices. That theory has an obvious affine invariance and a very special role for \infty. We extend aspects of this theory in the setting of rational functions with poles on \overline {\mathbb {R}} = \mathbb {R} \cup \{\infty \}, obtaining a formulation which allows multiple poles and proving an invariance with respect to \overline {\mathbb {R}}-preserving Möbius transformations. We obtain a characterization of Stahl–Totik regularity of a GMP matrix in terms of its matrix elements; as an application, we give a proof of a conjecture of Simon – a Cesàro–Nevai property of regular Jacobi matrices on finite gap sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the time-dependent Hamiltonian dynamics, we extend the notion of Arnold–Liouville and noncommutative integrability of Hamiltonian systems on symplectic manifolds to that on cosymplectic manifolds. We prove a variant of the non-commutative integrability for evaluation and Reeb vector fields on cosymplectic manifolds and provide a construction of cosymplectic action–angle variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve solar collector efficiency, a variety of designs and materials have been introduced into production practice. Studies describing solar collector specifics, therefore, are particularly valuable to the scientific community as they contribute to the overall body of knowledge and constant improvement the in the scientific field. In that regard, the study presented in this paper analyses the thermal performance of the fixed flat-plate collector with an Sn-Al2O3 selective absorber. The fixed flat-plate collector design utilizes gravity water flow in an open loop system. A two-month study was conducted to perform the analysis. The experiment was based on measurements of water flow in the fixed flat-plate collector, the water temperature at the fixed flat-plate collector inlet and outlet, and solar radiation intensity on a horizontal surface. Results for three randomly selected measurement days have shown that fixed flat-plate collector can achieve relatively satisfactory values for average daily specific heat power, thermal efficiency, and inlet-outlet water temperature gradient, respectively: June 29 (381.78 W/m2, 60.67%, and 9.06 °C), June 30 (364.33 W/m2, 59.43%, and 7.46 °C), and July 15 (373.06 W/m2, 59.85%, and 8.69 °C). Apart from the relatively good measurement results, this type of solar collector does not require circulating pumps for operation, which brings a double advantage: energy saving and energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of managing working capital, i.e. net working capital in trade, is very specific, challenging, current, significant and complex. In order to achieve the target financial performance, it is necessary to manage working capital as efficiently as possible. Based on that, this paper analyses the dynamics of size and the impact of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia. In the period 2013 - 2021, in the trade of Serbia, the maximum amount of net working capital was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from assets was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from sales was achieved in 2021, and the maximum profitability was achieved in 2021. In the specific case, there is a strong correlation between profitability and net working capital of trade in Serbia. The coefficient of determination is high (Adjusted R Square .941; Sig. F Change .000). The influence of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia is very significant (Sig. .000). This means, in other words, that more efficient management of net working capital can have a significant impact on the profitability of trade in Serbia. Observed dynamically, the amount of net working capital of trade in Serbia has increased recently. This had a positive impact on its liquidity, solvency, efficiency and profitability. Recently, the productivity of trade in Serbia has also increased. The factors that influenced it were: favourable economic climate, foreign retail chains, application of new business models, new concepts of management of costs, income, profit, customers, product categories, application of the concept of sustainable development and digitization of the entire business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this research is to examine thermal comfort in the central area of Belgrade (Serbia), over a period of 30 years (1991-2020). The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as a measure for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The obtained results were considered separately for each season, as well as at the annual level. The analysis was carried out on the basis of an extensive database, which included hourly values (7h, 14h, 21h CET) of meteorological parameters, as well as their average daily, minimum, and maximum values. The obtained values of UTCIs show a positive growth trend during all four seasons. A significant increase in the annual values of UTCIs was also recorded. Four of five years with the highest average UTCIs were recorded in the last decade of the survey, more precisely in the period 2015-2020. The years that stand out for the frequency of record spring, autumn and winter UTCIs values are 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. On an annual level, minimum UTCI value has rising trend of 0.099°C/year, while at maximum UTCI value, that trend is 0.081°C/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify and map the zones of different vulnerability to flash floods based on the geospatial analysis of natural conditions in the Porečka River basin (Republic of Serbia). The analysis covers the catchment area of the Porečka River (493.82 km²). Geospatial analysis was conducted using GIS software (QGIS 3.18). The Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) was used to determine the terrain's predisposition to flash floods, where the input data for determining the value of the index were the values of the following coefficients: the terrain slope, the type of geological substrate, the way of land use, and the bareness of the terrain. The analysis determined that 50.43% of the total territory of the basin belongs to the class of high and very high susceptibility to flash floods, and when looking at the length of watercourses in the basin, that percentage is 81.94%. The results of this study clearly indicate the advantages of using modern GIS technologies in the land use and risk management. Geospatial analysis is of particular importance in the field of managing regions that stand out as particularly vulnerable to some natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Balkans (WB) region is highly prone to water erosion processes, and therefore, the estimation of rainfall erosivity (R-factor) is essential for understanding the complex relationships between hydro-meteorological factors and soil erosion processes. The main objectives of this study are to (1) estimate the spatial-temporal distribution R-factor across the WB region by applying the RUSLE and RUSLE2 methodology with data for the period between 1991 and 2020 and (2) apply cluster analysis to identify places of high erosion risk, and thereby offer a means of targeting suitable mitigation measures. To assess R-factor variability, the ERA5 reanalysis hourly data (0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution) comprised 390 grid points were used. The calculations were made on a decadal resolution (i.e., for the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s), as well as for the whole study period (1991–2020). In order to reveal spatial patterns of rainfall erosivity, a k-means clustering algorithm was applied. Visualization and mapping were performed in python using the Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Cartopy libraries. Hourly precipitation intensity and monthly precipitation totals exhibited pronounced variability over the study area. High precipitation values were observed in the SW with a >0.3 mm h−1 average, while the least precipitation was seen in the Pannonian Basin and far south (Albanian coast), where the mean intensity was less than an average of 0.1 mm h−1. R-factor variability was very high for both the RUSLE and RUSLE2 methods. The mean R-factor calculated by RUSLE2 was 790 MJ mm ha−1·h−1·yr−1, which is 58% higher than the mean R-factor obtained from RUSLE (330 MJ mm ha−1·h−1·yr−1). The analysis of the R-factor at decadal timescales suggested a rise of 14% in the 2010s. The k-means algorithm for both the RUSLE and RUSLE2 methods implies better spatial distribution in the case of five clusters (K = 5) regarding the R-factor values. The rainfall erosivity maps presented in this research can be seen as useful tools for the assessment of soil erosion intensity and erosion control works, especially for agriculture and land use planning. Since the R-factor is an important part of soil erosion models (RUSLE and RUSLE2), the results of this study can be used as a guide for soil control works, landscape modeling, and suitable mitigation measures on a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the perspectives of incarcerated persons on health and illness, as well as the social contexts influencing these perspectives, is important for developing healthcare interventions that effectively address their specific needs and improve overall well-being. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the complex, multi-dimensional experiences of health and illness among incarcerated persons within the Slovenian correctional system. This study employed an interpretative descriptive design. Using purposive sampling, ten incarcerated persons—five females and five males—were invited to individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted in accordance with the interpretative description analytical process. Four major themes were identified: (1) Perspectives on health and illness during incarceration, (2) Healthcare access and self-care during incarceration, (3) Social contacts and their impact on health, and (4) Programmes and activities to enhance well-being. The findings highlighted a shift in perception among participants from a traditional view of health as merely the absence of illness to a more dynamic and holistic understanding, encompassing physical, mental, and social determinants of health. The structured environments within prisons can sometimes paradoxically improve physical health by promoting positive health behaviours, yet they often exacerbate mental health challenges due to restricted freedom and social isolation. The study's implications are significant for policy-making, suggesting that integrated health strategies can significantly improve health outcomes for incarcerated populations, aligning with public health objectives and ensuring better community reintegration. • Identified key themes focused on healthcare access, self-care, and social impacts on health. • Found incarceration can paradoxically improve physical health but affect mental health. • Programs and activities to enhance well-being are supported and recognized. • Identified the need for integrated health strategies to enhance well-being and reintegration. • Social support networks are critical in mitigating health risks during incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor imagery (MI) involves recreating a movement mentally without physically performing the movement itself. MI has a positive impact on motor performance, motor learning and neural plasticity. We analysed the connection between motor imagination and altered movement execution in individuals with dystonia, a complex sensorimotor disorder. The aim of our study was to examine MI ability in patients with functional dystonia (FD) in comparison to organic dystonia (OD). Our case-control study involved 46 patients, 22 with FD and 24 with OD. The assessment consisted of specific questionnaire and standardized motor, cognitive and psychiatric scales. The KVIQ-20 was used to test MI in each patient. Patients with FD scored lower on both global visual and kinaesthetic scales of the KVIQ-20 exam compared to patients with OD (63.1 ± 18.5 vs. 73.7 ± 13.2, and 54.9 ± 21.9 vs. 68.8 ± 18.2, respectively). Patients with FD also exhibited visual and/or kinaesthetic MI impairment in different body segments. The internal perspective when imagining movements was preferred in both patients with FD and OD. FD patients showed global dysfunction of visual and kinaesthetic MI abilities. Techniques for MI improvements might have a potential role in dystonia rehabilitation. • Functional dystonia patients have global impairment of motor imagery abilities. • Motor imagery might be linked to altered body image in functional dystonia. • Cognition and disability due to dystonia might affect motor imagery. • Motor imagery improvement could be a target in dystonia rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease is narrowing or occlusion of the arteries in the lower extremities. Typical symptom is pain in the lower extremity muscles during walking and relieved with rest. Some patients have pain at rest or even ulcerations on the legs. Therapy includes surgical revascularization, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) or stenting, and atherectomy. Atherectomy is a procedure that uses various endovascular devices for physical removal of calcified plaque by cutting or scraping. Directional atherectomy is a procedure that uses a catheter with a rotating blade to remove plaque from arteries. Aim: To present the procedure of directional atherectomy for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Case report: 74-year-old patient with polyvascular disease complained of pain in the right calf after 100 meters of walking. He had no angina or dyspnea. He was admitted for PTA of right common and superficial femoral artery. An arteriography was performed following a puncture of the left femoral artery, and showed severely calcified lesions. We decided first to perform a directional atherectomy for plaque preparation, before balloon PTA. Using the crossover technique, an introducer was placed in the right external iliac artery. A Spider FX protective mesh was placed in the popliteal artery, and a HawkOne directional atherectomy of the right common and superficial femoral artery was performed. In addition, PTA with scoring and drug eluting balloon was performed. The result was excellent and the procedure went without complications. Conclusion: Directional atherectomy is an interventional procedure used for the treatment of highly calcified atherosclerotic lesions as a preparation for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty by cutting out the calcified plaque in the artery wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the performance of aquatic organisms in a future warmer climate depends critically on understanding how current temperature regimes affect the organisms' growth rates. Using a meta‐analysis for the published experimental data, we calculated the activation energy (Ea) to parameterize the thermal sensitivity of marine and freshwater ciliates, major players in marine and freshwater food webs. We hypothesized that their growth rates increase with temperature but that ciliates dwelling in the immense, thermally stable ocean are closely adapted to their ambient temperature and have lower Ea than ciliates living in smaller, thermally more variable freshwater environments. The Ea was in the range known from other taxa but significantly lower for marine ciliates (0.390 ± 0.105 eV) than for freshwater ciliates (0.633 ± 0.060 eV), supporting our hypothesis. Accordingly, models aiming to predict the ciliate response to increasing water temperature should apply the environment‐specific activation energies provided in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the utility of comprehensive GC×GC gas chromatography metabolomics in finding varietal markers among volatile compounds in non-aromatic red wines, representative samples of the two most important Croatian monovarietal red wines, Plavac mali and Teran, were subjected to analysis by both conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). GC-MS was useful for the determination of the basic volatile profile composed mainly of major esters and acids, followed by terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids. GC×GC-TOF-MS allowed the identification of 209 volatiles, among which 49 were significantly different across monovarietal wines. The compounds most characteristic for Teran were two theaspirane isomers, ethyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate, ethyl methyhexanoate, and ho-trienol, whereas Plavac mali stood out with higher concentrations of tridecane and a 2,3-butanediol isomer. The two monovarietal wines were successfully differentiated between each other by multivariate statistical methods mostly based on GC×GC-TOF-MS data. The presented approach that combines conventional GC-MS and advanced GC×GC-TOF-MS showed a great potential for tracking chemical markers of varietal origin and could be practically applied in managing wine production, quality and typicity, marketing, and protection from forgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy for in-situ measurements of trace gases with changeable spatial and temporal distribution requires high sensitivity, selectivity, and easy handling devices. In order to improve PAS characteristics in trace gases measurements, we have applied computational intelligence. Computational intelligence as a combination of learning, adaptation, and evolution may increase efficiency and precision of measurements and provides possibility of system–environment interactions. Two metaheuristic techniques are applied to improve accuracy in simultaneous determination of photoacoustic signal parameters: particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony optimization. Swarm intelligences are applied to simultaneously determination of unknown parameters of photoacoustic signal: radius of the laser beam spatial profile r L and vibrational-to-translational relaxation time τ V - T . Experimental PA signals are generated in the SF6 + Ar mixture in multiphoton regime. Results produced by particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony are discussed. Values of common parameters: population size and number of iterations in both algorithms are chosen to be the same. Advantages, such as easy implementation, high precision, and the possibility of finding solutions in a wide range of parameters make swarm intelligence algorithms efficient and perspective tool for in-situ measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to determine the risk level of a contract extension with the existing policyholders, which is further propagated to the business effectiveness and long-term sustainability of the company. The uncertainties in the relative importance of risk factors, their values, and risk levels are described by the linguistic forms, which are modeled by using the fuzzy sets theory. The evaluations of the relative importance of risk factors are stated as a fuzzy group decision-making problem. The weights of risk factors are obtained by using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The determination of production rules for the assessment of the risk level is based on fuzzy IF-THAN rules. The verification of the model is performed by using real-life data originating from the insurance company which operates in the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Serbia, primary education is compulsory, and it lasts eight years with two educational cycles, while in the Czech Republic, primary education lasts nine years with three cycles. Analysis of the teachers' attitudes toward primary education in Serbia and the Czech Republic has a goal to determine the current educational state in the two countries. Also, in this research it has been shown if there are similarities, as well as differences between the two educational systems. Views of the teachers on this topic are significant for this paper, so the survey was used as an instrument. The survey should have revealed whether the primary education was in line with the need of modernization and enhancement of young peple's intellectual potential. It was necessary to reveal if the education in the two countries is in accordance with the modern world and whether the teachers agree with this. One of the aims of the research was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the teachers' answers and to relate those differences to the general educational situation in Serbia and Czechia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]