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In the era of artificial intelligence, there has been a rise in novel computing methods due to the increased demand for rapid and effective data processing. It is of great significance to develop memristor devices capable of emulating the computational neural network of the brain, especially in the realm of artificial intelligence applications. In this work, a memristor based on NiAl-layered double hydroxides is presented with excellent electrical performance, including analog resistive conversion characteristics and the effect of multi-level conductivity modulation. In addition, the device's conductance can be continuously adjusted by varying pulse width, interval, and amplitude. The successful replication of synaptic features has been achieved. In order to implement the functions of "NOT," "AND," and "OR," a logic gate is constructed using two synaptic devices. The confirmation of the potential use of synaptic devices in brain-like computing was demonstrated. In addition, it demonstrates the potential of these devices in supporting computing models beyond von Neumann architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the malegenitourinary system, ranking second in incidence worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, shows unique advantages in cancer treatment. Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of multiple ingredients and involves multiple signaling pathways, which showed function of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, reducing drug resistance, and regulating immune function. Physical therapyis also an important treatment of TCM. Currently, Physical therapy such as acupuncture or Tai Chi and Qigong are gaining increased recognition in the management of PCa, particularly in addressing issues like urinary incontinence and bone metastasis-related pain. This article reviews the TCM treatment and therapy of PCa, in order to provide new research avenues and treatment options for the treatment of PCa with TCM and improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), one of the most abundant protein phosphatases, has divergent functions in multiple types of cells. Its inactivation has been closely associated with leukemia diseases. However, the physiological function of PP2A for hematopoiesis has been poorly understood in organisms. Drosophila hematopoiesis parallels the vertebrate counterpart in developmental and functional features but involves a much simpler hematopoietic system. Here, utilizing the Drosophila major larval hematopoietic organ lymph gland, we studied the function of PP2A for hematopoiesis in vivo. By knocking down the expression of Pp2A‐29B that encodes the scaffold subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme complex, we found that PP2A silencing in the differentiating hemocytes resulted in their excessive proliferation. Furthermore, this PP2A inhibition downregulated the expression of Smoothened (Smo), a crucial component in the Hedgehog pathway, and smo overexpression was able to rescue the phenotypes of PP2A depletion, indicating that Smo functions as a downstream effector of PP2A to restrict the hemocyte proliferation. PDGF/VEGF‐receptor (Pvr) overexpression also restored the Smo expression and lymph gland morphology of PP2A silencing, suggesting a PP2A‐Pvr‐Smo axis to regulate lymph gland growth and hemocyte proliferation. Moreover, inhibiting PP2A activity in the blood progenitor cells promoted their differentiation, but which was independent with Smo. Together, our data suggested that PP2A plays a dual role in the Drosophila lymph gland by preserving the progenitor population and restraining the hemocyte proliferation, to properly regulate the hematopoietic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is regulated by methylation modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, knowledge of N7-methylguanosine (m7G)-related lncRNAs that predict ccRCC prognosis remains insufficient. A prognostic multi-lncRNA signature was created using LASSO regression to examine the differential expression of m7G-related lncRNAs in ccRCC. Furthermore, we performed Kaplan–Meier analysis and area under the curve (AUC) analysis for diagnosis. In all, a model based on five lncRNAs was developed. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the risk model precisely separated the patients into different groups. The IC50 value for drug sensitivity divided patients into two risk groups. High-risk group of patients was more susceptible to A.443654, A.770041, ABT.888, AMG.706, and AZ628. Moreover, a lower tumor mutation burden combined with low-risk scores was associated with a better prognosis of ccRCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) exhibited that the expression levels of LINC01507, AC093278.2 were very high in all five ccRCC cell lines, AC084876.1 was upregulated in all ccRCC cell lines except 786-O, and the levels of AL118508.1 and DUXAP8 were upregulated in the Caki-1 cell line. This risk model may be promising for the clinical prediction of prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in patients with ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic anomaly detection technologies have been widely used for tracking moving targets. In this paper, we present a fast-tracking method for magnetic abnormalities using a distributed Overhauser magnetometer system based on the genetic algorithm. Our proposed framework of the Overhauser magnetometer system employs multiple sensors to eliminate background interference, and the genetic algorithm efficiently solves magnetic anomaly data without requiring the derivation of the objective function. Test platforms were built to evaluate the distributed Overhauser magnetometer system and the genetic algorithm. Results from the natural outdoor magnetism laboratories showed that the noise of our presented magnetometers was below 0.134 nT. The optimal factors for solution precision and effectiveness in the genetic algorithm were obtained from the simulation. Moreover, the outdoor tracking experiments indicated that the proposed method could accurately and quickly detect the moving ferromagnetic object within 6.9% maximum positioning error in 0.55 m, and the tracking precision of the object velocity can get 5.88% maximum error in 4.33 km/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The novel structural system can protect the pipe-jacking tunnel in normal faults. • The novel system reduces tunnel rotations and bending moments. • The shelf may prevent the development of new ruptures in some situations. Tunnels are inherently susceptible to deformations induced by fault activity. However, the current state of the art lacks robust countermeasures tailored to mitigate tunnel damages. In response to this gap, this study proposed a novel structural system for the pipe-jacking tunnel to mitigate the damages during normal faulting. This system is composed of a circular pipe segment complemented by a rigid concrete shelf that is securely affixed to the segment. Seven sandbox tests are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the novel structural system, considering different structure types and different tunnel locations. The results show that the normal fault deformation threatens the safety of the tunnel, where both great rotation and additional bending moments occur in the tunnel. The novel structural system can protect the pipe-jacking tunnel at normal faults. The tunnel rotation is reduced by the shelf through anti-rotation torque on the shelf. The additional bending moments could be decreased to some extent as well. The existence of the shelf may prevent the development of new ruptures in some situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a mechanical analog of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, ferroelasticity has made outstanding contributions in the fields of energy conversion, information processing, and mechanical switching. However, research on 2D ferroelasticity is lacking so far, and it is still a challenge to synthesize 2D perovskite ferroelastics. Here, we successfully constructed three 2D organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelastics: (PEA)2CdCl4 [PEA = phenethylamium cation, 1], (3-FPEA)2CdCl4 [3-FPEA = 3-fluorophenethylamium cation, 2] and (4-FPEA)2CdCl4 [4-FPEA = 4-fluorophenethylamium cation, 3]. These compounds undergo a structural phase transition between 379–385 K, exhibit temperature-triggered ferroelasticity, and possess a dielectric transition. The structural analysis of temperature-variable single crystals indicates that the reason for the phase transition of the ferroelastics is the order–disorder transition of cations and distortion of the anion framework. This research provides new options for a new generation of 2D perovskite ferroelastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecule-based switchable dielectrics with distinct changes of dielectric constant, which enable conversion of electronic properties between different states under external stimuli, are technologically important. The crown-ether clathrate system is a highly promising class of molecule-based switchable dielectrics. Herein, by choosing yttrium nitrate to be assembled with a 15-crown-5 molecule, we synthesized a new crown-ether clathrate, namely [15-crown-5][Y(NO3)2(H2O)5][NO3] (1). One relatively small thermal anomaly peak was observed centered at 230 K (Ttr) for compound 1. Single-crystal structures obtained at various temperatures revealed its reversible phase transition to be driven by the synergistic effect of the dynamic changes of the counter [NO3]− anions from an ordered to disordered state and the relatively strong thermal vibrations of the 15-crown-5 molecules, along with the rearrangement of [Y(NO3)2(H2O)5]+ cations in the crystal. Meanwhile, compound 1 also displayed a bistable dielectric response characteristically found in different structural phases. This discovery confirmed the possibility of using compound 1 as a molecule-based dielectric switching material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy is recognized as the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Rapid and accurate dose prediction is crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of radiotherapy planning. However, the current dose prediction model based on 2D architecture cannot effectively learn the spatial information among slices. Although some studies have explored the incorporation of interslice features through 3D architecture, the resolution properties of medical image anisotropy significantly limit the predictive performance. To address the issues, we propose a novel deformable dose prediction network based on hybrid 2D and 3D convolution for NPC radiotherapy. Specifically, the proposed model innovatively incorporates a 2.5D architecture based on hybrid 2D and 3D convolution, and effectively utilizes the directional information within anisotropic resolutions to achieve cross-scale feature extraction. Additionally, deformable convolution is introduced into the model to enhance the receptive field and effectively handle multi-scale spatial transformations. To improve channel correlation and reduce redundant features, we design a Residual Deformable Squeeze-and-Excitation Module. We conduct extensive experiments on an internal dataset, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms other existing methods in most dosimetric criteria. The proposed model has superior dose prediction performance in NPC radiotherapy, and has important clinical significance for assisting physicists to optimize the treatment plan and improve standardization of radiotherapy planning. The source code is available at https://github.com/CDUTJ102/2.5D-Deformable-UNet.Graphical abstract: Radiotherapy is recognized as the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Rapid and accurate dose prediction is crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of radiotherapy planning. However, the current dose prediction model based on 2D architecture cannot effectively learn the spatial information among slices. Although some studies have explored the incorporation of interslice features through 3D architecture, the resolution properties of medical image anisotropy significantly limit the predictive performance. To address the issues, we propose a novel deformable dose prediction network based on hybrid 2D and 3D convolution for NPC radiotherapy. Specifically, the proposed model innovatively incorporates a 2.5D architecture based on hybrid 2D and 3D convolution, and effectively utilizes the directional information within anisotropic resolutions to achieve cross-scale feature extraction. Additionally, deformable convolution is introduced into the model to enhance the receptive field and effectively handle multi-scale spatial transformations. To improve channel correlation and reduce redundant features, we design a Residual Deformable Squeeze-and-Excitation Module. We conduct extensive experiments on an internal dataset, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms other existing methods in most dosimetric criteria. The proposed model has superior dose prediction performance in NPC radiotherapy, and has important clinical significance for assisting physicists to optimize the treatment plan and improve standardization of radiotherapy planning. The source code is available at https://github.com/CDUTJ102/2.5D-Deformable-UNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor ablation has been widely applied in Asia, accounting for 44.65% of clinical studies worldwide. We reviewed 5853 clinical studies to provide insight on the advance of tumor ablation in Asia chronologically and geographically among different techniques and organs. Since 1998, tumor ablation application has dramatically evolved in Asia. All kinds of ablation techniques, including percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), laser ablation (LA), cryoablation (CA), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and irreversible electroporation (IRE), have been applied, with the first application of PEI and the most popular application of RFA. Twenty-five countries and one district in Asia have applied tumor ablation in various organs, including liver, lung, uterus, thyroid, kidney, pancreas, bone, prostate, breast, adrenal gland, lymph node parathyroid, esophagus, etc. Due to the high incidence of tumors as well as advanced economy and technology, East Asia accounted for 93.87% of studies, led by China (45.00%), Japan (32.72%), South Korea (12.10%), and Taiwan (4.03%). With the enrichment of evidence from large-scale multicenter and randomized control studies, China and South Korea have issued several guidelines on tumor ablation for liver, lung, and thyroid, which provided recommendations for global standardization of tumor ablation techniques. Therefore, Asia has made active contribution to global tumor ablation therapy.KeypointsKey point 1: Asia accounted for 44.65% of clinical studies worldwide on tumor ablation.Key point 2: Twenty-five countries and one district in Asia have used tumor ablation in various organs, and East Asia accounted for 93.87% of studies, led by China (45.00%), Japan (32.72%), South Korea (12.10%), and Taiwan (4.03%).Key point 3: China and South Korea have issued several guidelines on tumor ablation for liver, lung, and thyroid, which provided recommendations for global standardization of tumor ablation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of DNA nanotechnology has enabled the systematic design of diverse bionic dissipative behaviors under the precise control of nucleic acid nanodevices. Nevertheless, when compared to the dissipation observed in robust living systems, it is highly desirable to enhance the anti-interference for artificial DNA dissipation to withstand perturbations and facilitate repairs within the complex biological environments. In this study, we introduce strategically designed "trash cans" to facilitate kinetic control over interferences, transforming the stochastic binding of individual components within a homogeneous solution into a competitive binding process. This approach effectively eliminates incorrect binding and the accumulation of systemic interferences while ensuring a consistent pattern of energy fluctuation from response to silence. Remarkably, even in the presence of numerous interferences differing by only one base, we successfully achieve complete system reset through multiple cycles, effectively restoring the energy level to a minimum. The system was able to operate stably without any adverse effect under conditions of irregular interference, high-abundance interference, and even multiplex interferences including DNA and RNA crosstalk. This work not only provides an effective paradigm for constructing robust DNA dissipation systems but also greatly broadens the potential of DNA dissipation for applications in high-precision molecular recognition and complex biological reaction networks. [Display omitted] • By eliminating cumulative errors we built an anti-interference DNA dissipation system first time. • Affinity trash bring the dissipation network closer to living organisms to multiple complex stimuli. • Be able to stably work in high abundance, irregular, multiple interference, and RNA and DNA crosstalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometry, which measures the difference between a reference surface and a test surface, is widely used in high-precision testing. Usually the reference surface is considered as perfect and the surface errors there can be ignored during the testing. Considering the interferometry for fine optics with large apertures where the error of the reference surface is non-ignorable, we propose a stitching algorithm based on an orthonormal polynomial fitting method that can be used to accomplish the testing of both the reference surface and the surface under test simultaneously. To evaluate the accuracy of the above algorithm, the performance of the proposed method was analyzed by testing the tertiary mirror for the Thirty-Meter Telescope project (TMT project) and utilizing the algorithm in the simulation. Further, a practical experiment was implemented to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-defined carbon materials with tailored unique pore structure are crucial to develop advanced zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs), but effective synthesis is still a challenge. Herein, hierarchically porous carbon nanorods (HPCNs) are successfully synthesized by Pluronic P123 (PEO 20 PPO 70 PEO 20) mediated dynamic dual template method that tetraethylsiloxane (TEOS) and sucrose are adopted as silicon (Si) and carbon (C) precursors, respectively. During synthesis, the rod-like organic mesomorphous complexes are generated by self-assembly of cetyltrimethyl ammonium/poly-(acrylic acid) (CTAB/PAA) under the assistance of Pluronic P123 as dynamic soft templates and in-situ formed silica particles as hard templates. The synthesized HPCNs have uniform rod-like morphology, high surface area and notable specific capacity. Furthermore, the HPCNs are activated to afford AHPCNs with enriched micropores and increased surface area of 905 m2 g−1. Consequently, ZIHCs with the AHPCNs as cathode display attractive electrochemical performances including large capacity (157.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), exceptional rate performance (110.3 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), high energy density (125.7 Wh kg−1) and power density (16 kW kg−1). Moreover, ZIHCs demonstrated brilliant capacity retention of 100% even after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Our work presents an effective approach for controllable engineering of hierarchically porous carbon nanorod materials. Meanwhile, it also offers theoretical and technical support to develop advanced zinc ion capacitor energy storage devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past intervals of warming provide the unique opportunity to observe how the East Asia monsoon precipitation response happened in a warming world. However, the available evaluations are primarily limited to the last glacial-to-interglacial warming, which has fundamental differences from the current interglacial warming, particularly in changes in ice volume. Comparative paleoclimate studies of earlier warm interglacial periods can provide more realistic analogs. Here, we present high-resolution quantitative reconstructions of temperature and precipitation from north-central China over the past 800 thousand years. We found that the average precipitation increase, estimated by the interglacial data, was only around one-half of that estimated for the glacialto-interglacial data, which is attributed to the amplification of climate change by ice volume variations. Analysis of the interglacial data suggests an increase in monsoon precipitation of ~100 mm for a warming level of 2°C on the Chinese Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnels subjected to reverse faulting are dangerous, experiencing large inner forces and movements. However, there is a lack of effective mitigation measures to protect shield tunnels from reverse faulting. This study proposed a novel mitigation measure, inclined rigid sliding walls, for shallow buried shield tunnels subjected to reverse faulting. Validated numerical modeling is performed to explore the responses of the tunnel, the effects of the walls, and some influence factors. The results show that the walls are effective to protect the shield tunnel from revere faulting. The function of the walls is to release the fault deformation by sliding and develop a relatively stable condition between the walls with less shearing. The walls can decrease the soil pressures, inner forces, and movements of the tunnel. Three possible interaction mechanisms are summarized: hanging wall mechanism, shear mechanism, and footwall mechanism. The walls work best under the footwall mechanism. The detailed protection effects of IRSWs depend on the relative tunnel location, burial depth of the tunnel, the distance between the tunnel and walls, angle of walls, relative depth of walls, and fault dip angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rapid analysis for long-range multi-site haplotypes was developed. • Thermodynamically designed LNA-button probes combine high specificity and yield. • Rapidly determine whether SNP sites apart > 1000 bp are located on the same DNA strand. • Rapid analysis of all haplotype combinations of two DNA strands. • Modularized algorithm proposed is highly scalable for different setting and platform. Some combinations of statistically related SNPs (tag SNPs) distributed within individual chromosomes may reflect richer medical and genetic information than isolated SNPs, called haplotypes. However, unlike the rapidly growing number of rapid SNP tests, determining whether SNP loci separated thousands of bases are located on the same chromosome is so difficult and time-consuming that its personalized application in clinical settings is slow. First, we designed special targets that retain modularized haplotype information; through DNA nanotechnology, we developed Holliday-junction button probes that specifically identify much longer double-stranded targets; through exploration of thermodynamic mechanisms, we overcame the paradox of probe specificity and yield to significantly improve detection; through mathematical logic reasoning, we designed modular algorithms to simplify difficult long-range multilocus haplotype analysis. The multidisciplinary intersection allows us to quickly and accurately read known haplotypes. Most importantly, haplotype analysis based on mathematical logic is universally applicable, and other effective molecular biological techniques can be combined with our algorithm to obtain more professional results. This study provides a new perspective on the field's efforts to solve the thorny problem of haplotype analysis. It is promising to contribute to the development of personalized applications of haplotype analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long afterglow materials feature long-lasting luminescence after the cessation of the excitation source. The rising demand for afterglow materials in many applications such as deep tissue imaging, ultrasensitive sensing, and radiation detection has led to extensive research on X-ray-activated afterglow systems. However, the progress in this field is constrained by the limitation and shortage of radiation-induced afterglow materials. Herein, a newly X-ray-excited long afterglow phosphor CaZnOS:Tb3+ has been developed by using lithium-assisted synthetic protocol. Afterglow properties of Tb3+-doped CaZnOS microcrystals are systematically investigated by considering the dopant concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction atmosphere, and gas flow. As the gas flow of argon atmosphere increases from 0.05 to 0.5 L/min, the CaZnOS:Tb3+ microcrystals exhibit a distinct change in trap depth from 0.59 to 0.75 eV, corresponding to a gradual increase in afterglow time. Together with thermoluminescence analysis, the long afterglow mechanism is also discussed in this work. These results highlight the importance of reaction gas flow for the efficient regulation of traps and defects in afterglow materials. Furthermore, they provide a fundamental design principle and new route for the creation of lanthanide-doped CaZnOS afterglow phosphors. • X-ray-excited long afterglow phosphor CaZnOS:Tb3+ has been developed by using lithium-assisted synthetic protocol. • Afterglow luminescence of terbium ions in CaZnOS hosts with high brightness and long duration time has been achieved for the first time. • The defects and traps in the long afterglow luminescent materials can be regulated by changing the gas flow of argon atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic hybrid molecular ferroelectrics have attracted broad attention in the field of research of ferroelectric materials. Following the surge of stable candidates, hybrid bimetal molecular-based materials have been recently explored to achieve excellent ferroelectricity. However, rare hybrid bimetal molecular ferroelectrics were reported. Inspired by "ferroelectrochemistry", a chiral nitrite-based hybrid bimetal molecular ferroelectric material, [(R)-3-quinuclidinol]2[LiCo(NO2)6] (1), was reported. The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition (C2 ↔ P321) behaviour of 1; was found at 343 K (Curie temperature, Tc) with a spontaneous electronic polarization (Ps) of 0.52 μC cm−2 and a coercive field (Ec) of 48 kV cm−1 at 298 K. Various-temperature single crystal structural analysis and dielectric constant measurements reveal that the rapid rotation of the organic cation and slight order–disorder transition of the NO2− anion are the origin of the ferroelectricity. To our knowledge, 1 is the first example of a nitrite-based hybrid bimetal molecular ferroelectric material that is triggered by an external electric field. This finding establishes a clear stimulus–structure–response relationship in advanced hybrid ferroelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a new method for saliency detection is proposed. Based on the defined features of the salient object, we solve the problem of saliency detection from three aspects. Firstly, from the view of global information, we partition the image into two clusters, namely, salient component and background component by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering. Secondly, the maximal salient information is applied to find the position of saliency and eliminate the noise. Thirdly, we enhance the saliency for the salient regions while weaken the background regions. Finally, the saliency map is obtained based on these aspects. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better results than the state of the art methods. And this method can be applied for graph based salient object segmentation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is essential for maintaining wrist stability. Injury-caused pain is the primary cause of ulnar wrist pain. The TFCC injury refractory to conservative treatment requires further surgical treatment, and because Palmer type IB tears belong to peripheral injuries due to their proximity to the blood supply area, arthroscopic suture repair has become the preferred surgical method for TFCC injury repair, exhibiting strong healing ability. This study reviewed the anatomy of TFCC, injury classification, and advances in arthroscopic suturing for treating Palmer type IB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scintillating materials that convert ionizing radiation into low‐energy photons hold great potential for radiation detection, nondestructive inspection, medical radiography, and space exploration. However, organic scintillators are characterized by low radioluminescence, while bulky inorganic scintillators are not suitable for the development of flexible detectors. Here, high‐resolution X‐ray imaging using solution‐processable lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks as microscale scintillators is demonstrated. Mechanistic studies suggest that lanthanide ions absorb X‐rays to generate high‐density molecular triplet excitons, and excited linkers subsequently sensitize lanthanide ions via nonradiative resonance energy transfer. Furthermore, the crystalline nature offers a delocalized electronic feature rather than isolated subunits, which enables direct trapping of charge carriers by lanthanide emitters. By controlling the concentration ratio between Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions, efficient and color‐tunable radioluminescence of lanthanide ions can be achieved. When coupled with elastic, transparent polymer matrices, these metal–organic framework‐based microscintillators allow the fabrication of flexible X‐ray detectors. Such detectors feature a detection limit of 23 nGy s−1, which is 240 times lower than the typical radiation dose for medical diagnosis. X‐ray imaging with resolution higher than 16.6 line pairs per millimeter is further demonstrated. These findings provide insight into the future design of hybrid scintillators for optoelectronics and X‐ray sensing and imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive and specific detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) has great potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Hybridization probes based on DNA strand displacement have shown high SNV discrimination and programmability. However, it remains a challenge to balance the specificity and sensitivity of hybridization reactions due to the limited adjustability of probe sequences. Herein, we inserted bulge-loops in probes to fine-tune the thermodynamic changes of the entropy-driven catalytic reaction (EDC), significantly improving the selectivity (the DF of CAC>CGC mutation was promoted from 17.66832 ± 2.25913–72.54 ± 8.21) and responsiveness of SNV identification. In addition, oligonucleotides with chromophores (Tags) were used to impart microspheres with different fluorescence characteristics, to construct a set of convenient and flexible barcodes. Coupled with the bulge-loops tuned EDC probes and the Tag-encoded barcodes, the designed biosensor achieved higher specificity (DF=194.86 ± 62.11) and lower signal leakage. Most importantly, it allowed simultaneous detection of low-abundance five-plexed EGFR mutations in the same system. This work provided insights into a rational design of DNA cascade reaction networks and advanced the construction of customizable multiplexed detection systems in the suspension array technology. • We insert bulge-loops into EDC probes to achieve superior specificity while maintaining satisfactory yield. • We propose a flexible and stable suspension array composed of ten optical barcodes. • As-proposed probes with barcodes reaches a detection limit of down to 0.05% CAC > CGC mutation. • Constructed Multiplexed detection system simultaneously detected five 1% EGFR mutations from 1 femtomolar gene sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  This paper deals with the portfolio selection problem when the returns of assets obey LR-type possibility distributions and there exist the limits on holdings. A new possibilistic mean–variance model to portfolio selection is proposed based on the definitions of the possibilistic return and possibilistic risk, which can better integrate an uncertain decision environment with vagueness and ambiguity. This possibilistic mean–variance model can be regarded as extensions of conventional probabilistic mean–variance methodology and previous possibilistic approaches since it contains less parameter and has a more extensive application. A numerical example of a possibilistic fuzzy portfolio selection problem is given to illustrate our proposed effective means and approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new crisp possibilistic variance and a new crisp possibilistic covariance of fuzzy numbers, which are different from those introduced by Carlsson and Fullér. We show that the possibilistic variance and covariance preserve many properties of variance and covariance in probability theory. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between several crisp possibilistic variances and covariances of fuzzy numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, which (IGFBP-3) inhibits the proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by inducing apoptosis, is lost in about half of stage I NSCLC cases. Since promoter methylation can silence gene expression, we investigated whether hypermethylation of the IGFBP-3 promoter is involved in loss of IGFBP-3 expression in NSCLC. We found the IGFBP-3 promoter to be methylated in seven of 13 NSCLC cell lines and in 16 of 23, seven of 9, eight of 11, and six of six tumor specimens from patients with stage I, II, III, and IV NSCLC, respectively. Methylation status correlated with IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein levels in a subset of NSCLC cell lines tested in our study. However, treatment with 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-dC) restored IGFBP-3 expression in four of seven NSCLC cell lines with the methylated promoter, suggesting that multiple mechanisms regulate IGFBP-3 expression in NSCLC. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that methylation of the Sp-1/Sp-3-binding element in the IGFBP-3 promoter influenced the binding of Sp-1, methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2), and histone deacetylase (HDAC). A luciferase construct expressing IGFBP-3 promoter in which the Sp-1/Sp-3 binding element was methylated showed significantly reduced transcriptional activity. The reduction in promoter activity was further suppressed by overexpression of MeCP2, which was rescued by 5'-aza-dC. Thus interference with Sp-1 transactivation by MeCP2 may contribute to the transcriptional defect of IGFBP-3 expression in NSCLC cells with methylated promoter.Oncogene (2004) 23, 6569-6580. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207882 Published online 12 July 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a listing of recently-released research reports in Australia from January to June 1995. Includes reports on aboriginal issues; Economic policy; Management issues; Women's issues.

The resistive switching behaviors by using a cobalt oxide (CoO) were demonstrated. In this memory device, rectifier characteristics and analog bipolar resistive switching behavior were obtained. On account of analog resistance conversion features, the nonlinear transmission characteristics of synapses, pulse-time-dependent plasticity, long-term/short-term memory, and "learning" and "forgetting" behaviors of synapses are simulated and carried out. The analog bipolar resistance switch was ascribed to the change of schottky barrier due to the local migration of oxygen ions in CoO/Al junction. This kind of memristor with analog resistance switch is very promising to provide a new implementation method for the development of electronic synapse function. • The resistive switching behaviors of CoO were demonstrated. • Rectifier characteristics were obtained. • Analog resistive switching were used in artificial synapse. • Behaviors of synapses are simulated and carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new style of micro-structured LED (light-emitting diode) diffusion plate was developed using a highly efficient and precise hybrid processing method combined with micro injection molding and micro-grinding technology to realize mass production and low-cost manufacturing of LED lamps with excellent lighting performance. Firstly, the micro-structured mold core with controllable shape accuracy and surface quality was machined by the precision trued V-tip grinding wheel. Then, the micro-structured LED diffusion plate was rapidly fabricated by the micro injection molding technology. Finally, the influences of micro injection molding process parameters on the illumination of the micro-structured diffusion plate were investigated. The simulated optical results show that the illumination of the micro-structured diffusion plate can achieve a maximum value when the V-groove depth and V-groove angle are designed to be 300 μm and 60°, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the developed micro-structured diffusion plate may improve the illumination by about 40.82% compared with the traditional diffusion plate. The prediction accuracy of the designed light efficiency simulation method was about 90.33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out‐of‐plane polarization is a highly desired property of two‐dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics for application in vertical sandwich‐type photoferroelectric devices, especially in ultrathin ferroelectronic devices. Nevertheless, despite great advances that have been made in recent years, out‐of‐plane polarization remains unrealized in the 2D hybrid double perovskite ferroelectric family. Here, from our previous work 2D hybrid double perovskite HQERN ((S3HQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3HQ=S‐3‐hydroxylquinuclidinium), we designed a molecular strategy of F‐substitution on organic component to successfully obtain FQERN ((S3FQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3FQ=S‐3‐fluoroquinuclidinium) showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response. Remarkably, compared to the monopolar axis ferroelectric HQERN, FQERN not only shows multiferroicity with the coexistence of multipolar axis ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity but also realizes out‐of‐plane ferroelectric polarization and a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 94 K. This is mainly due to the introduction of F‐substituted organic cations, which leads to a change in orientation and a reduction in crystal lattice void occupancy. Our study demonstrates that F‐substitution is an efficient strategy to realize and optimize ferroelectric functional characteristics, giving more possibility of 2D ferroelectric materials for applications in micro‐nano optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out‐of‐plane polarization is a highly desired property of two‐dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics for application in vertical sandwich‐type photoferroelectric devices, especially in ultrathin ferroelectronic devices. Nevertheless, despite great advances that have been made in recent years, out‐of‐plane polarization remains unrealized in the 2D hybrid double perovskite ferroelectric family. Here, from our previous work 2D hybrid double perovskite HQERN ((S3HQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3HQ=S‐3‐hydroxylquinuclidinium), we designed a molecular strategy of F‐substitution on organic component to successfully obtain FQERN ((S3FQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3FQ=S‐3‐fluoroquinuclidinium) showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response. Remarkably, compared to the monopolar axis ferroelectric HQERN, FQERN not only shows multiferroicity with the coexistence of multipolar axis ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity but also realizes out‐of‐plane ferroelectric polarization and a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 94 K. This is mainly due to the introduction of F‐substituted organic cations, which leads to a change in orientation and a reduction in crystal lattice void occupancy. Our study demonstrates that F‐substitution is an efficient strategy to realize and optimize ferroelectric functional characteristics, giving more possibility of 2D ferroelectric materials for applications in micro‐nano optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brood pollination mutualism is a special type of plant-pollinator interaction in which adult insects pollinate plants, and the plants provide breeding sites for the insects as a reward. To manifest such a mutualism between Stellera chamaejasme and flower thrips of Frankliniella intonsa, the study tested the mutualistic association of the thrips life cycle with the plant flowering phenology and determined the pollination effectiveness of adult thrips and their relative contribution to the host's fitness by experimental pollinator manipulation. Results: The adult thrips of F. intonsa, along with some long-tongue Lepidoptera, could serve as efficient pollinators of the host S. chamaejasme. The thrips preferentially foraged half-flowering inflorescences of the plants and oviposited in floral tubes. The floral longevity was 11.8 ± 0.55 (mean ± se) days, which might precisely accommodate the thrips life cycle from spawning to prepupation. The exclusion of adult thrips from foraging flowers led to a significant decrease in the fitness (i.e., seed set) of host plants, with a corresponding reduction in thrips fecundity (i.e., larva no.) in the flowers. Conclusions: The thrips of F. intonsa and the host S. chamaejasme mutualistically interact to contribute to each other's fitness such that the thrips pollinate host plants and, as a reward, the plants provide the insects with brooding sites and food, indicating the coevolution of the thrips life cycle and the reproductive traits (e.g., floral longevity and morphology) of S. chamaejasme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed a high stability Ag/AgCl sensor used in deep-sea electric field measurements. • Ball-milling and sintering processes can ensure the performance of Ag/AgCl electrodes. • Designed an electrode housing to block currents and withstands deep sea high pressure. • Surface oxidation of the electrode does not affect electrode performance. • The proposed all-solid-porous electrodes have higher stability and longer service life. Marine electromagnetic (EM) methods can be used for marine geophysical exploration. We proposed an all-solid-state porous Ag/AgCl electrode with high stability and a long service life as a marine electric field sensor with the ability to withstand deep sea high pressures while improving the accuracy of electric field measurements for long-period marine EM method engineering projects. Compared with a plate electrode, the all-solid-state porous electrode has excellent polarization resistance in seawater. To avoid the short service life of the sensor used in marine EM method engineering, the all-solid-state porous Ag/AgCl electrodes were manufactured by a ball-milling and sintering process, and the electrochemical channel of the electrodes was observed under a scanning electron microscope. A sensor casing based on the porous electrodes used in the deep sea environment was designed. An experimental system for evaluation and characterization was designed to measure the polarization resistance, sensitivity, noise, self-potential and drift of the proposed electrodes, which are important properties and will affect the accuracy of marine electric field measurements. The results show that the source resistance of the electrode is 2.13 Ω/cm2, the electrode noise level is 1.57 nV/rt(Hz), the self-potential of the proposed electrode pair is less than 35 μV, and the potential drift is less than 10 μV/day. After more than 180 days of use, the electrodes showed outstanding stable drift potentials of below 15 μV/day. The proposed all-solid-state porous electrodes can ensure the measurement accuracy of marine electric field signals and promote the exploration of marine resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical impact and technical feasibility of augmented reality laparoscopic navigation (ARLN) system in laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. Methods: The clinical data of 17 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy using ARLN (ARLN group) and 26 patients without ARLN guidance (Non-ARLN group) between January 2018 and April 2020 were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed between the patients with and without ARLN guidance at a ratio of 1:1. Results: Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the ARLN-group than in the Non-ARLN group (306.6 ml vs. 462.6 ml, p = 0.047). All the patients in the ARLN-group achieved successful splenic artery dissection, while surgical success was achieved in 12 patients in the Non-ARLN group (p = 0.044). Postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the Non-ARLN group (3.8 days vs. 4.5 days, p = 0.040). Conclusions: ARLN can provide feasible and accurate intraoperative image guidance, and it could be helpful in the performance of laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last deglaciation is considered a key period for exploring the underlying dynamics of temperature changes because it was characterized by multiple millennial-scale abrupt climatic events. However, the limited number of quantitative temperature records in Northeast (NE) China covering the last deglaciation hampers a complete understanding of the mechanisms and processes behind the temperature changes that occurred in that region. Here, we present a quantitative reconstruction of summer temperature over the last deglaciation based on bacterial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) analyzed from the sediment sequence of Lake Kielguo, a small volcanic lake in NE China. The results show that summer temperature was lowest during the interval ca. 20–18.2 calibrated (cal.) k.y. B.P. with a value of ∼11.1 °C and increased by ∼1.9 °C during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and by ∼2.7 °C during the transition to the Bølling-Allerød (B-A). The summer temperatures during the B-A warm interval and Younger Dryas cold interval were ∼14.1 °C and ∼12.0 °C, respectively. The summer temperature record from the Lake Kielguo sediment sequence indicates that summer warming dominated the climate change state during HS1 in East Asia, which is different from the cooling pattern controlled by winter temperatures in the North Atlantic and Greenland realms. This distinction can be explained by weakened winter cooling signals triggered by the collapse of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation when these signals propagated to East Asia, and increased summer temperature warming controlled by orbital and greenhouse gases during HS1 in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gene expression signatures offer tremendous potential in diseases diagnostic and prognostic, but massive gene expression signatures caused challenges for experimental detection and computational analysis in clinical setting. Here, we introduce a universal DNA-based molecular classifier for profiling gene expression signatures and generating immediate diagnostic outcomes. The molecular classifier begins with feature transformation, a modular and programmable strategy was used to capture relative relationships of low-concentration RNAs and convert them to general coding inputs. Then, competitive inhibition of the DNA catalytic reaction enables strict weight assignment for different inputs according to their importance, followed by summation, annihilation and reporting to accurately implement the mathematical model of the classifier. We validated the entire workflow by utilizing miRNA expression levels for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical samples with an accuracy 85.7%. The results demonstrate the molecular classifier provides a universal solution to explore the correlation between gene expression patterns and disease diagnostics, monitoring, and prognosis, and supports personalized healthcare in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The failure mode of the tunnel is highly dependent on the tectonic stress. • Tectonic stress affects tunnel displacement and the damage range. • The H-shaped tunnel behaves the worst among all types of tunnels. Deep-buried tunnels are vulnerable to strike-slip faulting, the responses of which are complicated. However, the effects of tectonic stress and cross-sectional shape on behaviors of tunnels in strike-slip faults have not been detailly investigated. This study performs numerical modeling to study the deformations and damages of tunnels subjected to strike-slip faulting, focusing on the effects of tectonic stress and cross-sectional shape. A three-dimensional numerical model is applied, which is validated by the test from the previous study. Different lateral stress coefficients (from 0.5 to 3.0) and cross-sectional shapes of tunnels (circular shape, horseshoe shape, and egg shape) are modeled. The results show that tectonic stress and cross-sectional shape have a great influence on tunnel responses during strike-slip faulting. The failure mode of the tunnel is highly dependent on the tectonic stress. The tensile damage controls in low tectonic stress conditions, while compressive damage domains in high tectonic stress conditions. The tensile damage initials at the arch waist in the vicinities of fault planes, while the compressive damage mainly occurs at the tunnel vault and bottom in the whole fracture zone. Besides, tectonic stress has apparent effects on the transverse displacement of the tunnel axis and the compressive damage range. The H-shaped tunnel behaves the worst, experiencing the largest cross-sectional deformation, the largest compressive damage range, and the smallest required fault deformation for compressive damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begonia daunhitam, a new species from West Kalimantan, Indonesia with strongly bullate black leaves is described and illustrated here, and details of the distribution, ecology and conservation status are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of soft magnetic nanogranular FeCo-TiO2 films with different compositions of FeCo were fabricated on Si substrates by co-sputtering FeCo and TiO2, and the magnetic and high frequency properties were studied in details. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the films were nanocrystalline/amorphous composites. A high saturation magnetization of 14 kGs, a low coercivity of 5.3 Oe, a FMR frequency of 3.2 GHz, and a high resistivity of 1068 lX cm were obtained when the volume fraction of FeCo was 0.68. The excellence electromagnetic properties make the films an excellent candidate for microwave applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Atlantic jet stream (NAJ) has a profound impact on the climate of the North Atlantic-European sector, especially in winter. Observations show that the winter NAJ (NAJw) has strengthened over the past ~140 yr. However, it remains unclear whether this long-term trend has deviated from the natural variability. Here, we present a 2500-yr-long reconstruction of NAJw strength using high-quality stalagmite δ18O records from southeastern Europe. Our results show that the NAJw weakened during both the Roman Warm Period (300 B.C.- A.D. 200) and the Medieval Warm Period (A.D. 900-1250) but that it has strengthened under anthropogenic warming (since A.D. 1850). This indicates that its current trend has already deviated from the natural variability. The best explanation for this present anomalous trend of NAJw strength is that it was triggered by the appearance of the North Atlantic warming hole under anthropogenic forcing. This anomalous trend suggests that continued global warming may further strengthen the NAJw in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the simplicity of device integration, high energy efficiency, and the ability to achieve robust neuromorphic calculation, the explore of artificial synaptic devices has attracted extensive attention. In this work, an electronic synaptic organic transistor based on a mixture of p-type polymer and n-type small molecule semiconductor colloids by spin coating was designed to achieve synaptic plasticity. Typical synaptic behavior, including excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation, is simulated using electrical impulse stimulation. In addition, the transition from short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity were realized by adjusting input pulse operation. More importantly, the logic function of "AND" and "NAND" gate is designed and realized based on the operability of organic transistor pulse modulation. Our work offers a new approach for the exploitation of organic multifunctional neuromorphic electronic devices. [Display omitted] • An electronic synaptic organic transistor was designed. • Typical synaptic behavior is simulated. • The transition from short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity were realized. • Logic functions of "AND" and "NAND" were implemented in the synaptic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a hairpin probe-mediated exponential amplification reaction (HEAR) strategy that combines DNA strand displacement with a "who triggers, who gets generated" mode, providing excellent single-base discrimination and a reduced background signal. The detection limit is 19 aM, which is reduced by 3 orders of magnitude compared to traditional exponential amplification approaches. This one-pot strategy also exhibits a wide dynamic range, high specificity and short detection time. It is expected to become a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cross passage leads to the tunnels being more vulnerable to faulting. • The cross passage is under compression and twisted during faulting. • Stress level and cross passage location affect the structure's behaviors. Many transportation tunnels are twin tunnels with cross passages. Plenty of research has investigated the responses of a single tunnel under fault deformation. However, few studies have paid attention to the behaviors of twin tunnels with cross passages in the fault zones. The study conducts three-dimensional numerical modeling to analyze the damage and failure of twin tunnels with cross passages subjected to strike-slip faulting. The responses of twin tunnels with and without a cross passage are compared. Besides, some influence factors are discussed, such as lateral stress coefficient, location of the cross passage, and length of the cross passage. The results show that the cross passage has great effects on twin tunnels' behaviors. The cross passage leads to the twin tunnels being more vulnerable to fault deformation. The connection section of tunnels and the cross passage rather than the fault plane sections is the most dangerous section, where both peak compressive and tensile damage are induced. The cross passage is under compression and twisted during faulting. A larger lateral stress coefficient leads to more severe damage to the tunnels and the cross passage. Both the tunnels and the cross passage become safer when the cross passage is located out of the fault. The length of the cross passage has limited effects on the behaviors of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces lung adenocarcinoma through formation of DNA adducts. Our previous research on susceptibility to tobacco-induced carcinogenesis focused on benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) as the in vitro mutagen for phenotype measurements of DNA repair capacity (DRC) in mammalian cells. Here, we present a modified host-cell reactivation (HCR) assay to measure lymphocytic DRC for alkylating DNA damage as is induced by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK. We substituted dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to create alkylating damage in pCMVluc plasmid DNA and established the damage-repair dose–response curves in both normal and nucleotide excision repair-deficient lymphoblastoid cell lines and in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated primary lymphocytes. We then successfully measured the DRC in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from 48 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 45 cancer-free controls and tested our hypothesis that lower DRC for alkylating damage is associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma. The cases exhibited a lower mean DRC than did the controls. A >3-fold increased risk (odds ratio = 3.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.25–8.21) was found for those with DRC levels below the control median. There was no correlation between the DRC measured with this DMS-HCR assay and that from the parallel BPDE-HCR assay. Interestingly, risk increased to >10-fold for those with sub-optimal DRC measured by both DMS- and BPDE-HCR assays. We conclude that variability in DRC is a risk factor for lung cancer and our results provide proof of principle for a new assay that can assess DRC for NNK-induced DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [CuK(C17H15N2O4)(CH3OH)] n, the CuII ion has a square-planar coordination geometry and is coordinated by two N and two O atoms. One phenoxo and the amide O atom also interact with the methanol-coordinated K+ ion along with the methoxy O atom of the trianion. Two bridging interactions to K+ give rise to a linear chain structure. The chains are further linked by hydrogen bonds involving the amido methanol O atoms into a two-dimensional network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [Cu(NCS)2(C10H8N2)]n, the CuII ion (site symmetry 2) has an elongated octa­hedral coordination. Four N atoms of two thio­cyanate anions and two 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) ligands are sited at the equatorial positions, while two S atoms of two coordinating thio­cyanate anions occupy the axial positions. The complete 4,4′-bipy mol­ecule is generated by the twofold axis and one of its pyridine rings is disordered over two sets of positions. The copper ions are bridged by the 4,4′-bipy ligands, giving rise to a one-dimensional chain. The chains are further linked by the NCS− anions, through the long axial Cu—S contacts, yielding a two-dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of FeCoTiO thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using oblique sputtering and stripe patterning at the same time and the static and high frequency magnetic properties were studied in details. For the single-layered films, if the anisotropy fields induced by the two methods are in the same direction, the effective anisotropy field will be greatly enhanced, closed to 300 Oe. But if the two anisotropy fields are perpendicular to each other, there will be an opposite result. In the FM/NM/FM sandwich structures, the influence of shape anisotropy will be suppressed by the exchange coupling effect between the two FM layers. The resonance frequency and permeability are still above 3.5 GHz and 75 even the width of stripes change from 40 µm to 10 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials with tunable emission colors has attracted increasing interest in both fundamental research and applications. As a key member of light‐emitting materials family, lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been intensively demonstrated to emit light in any color upon near‐infrared excitation. However, realizing the trichromatic emission in UCNPs with a fixed composition remains a great challenge. Here, without excitation pulsed modulation and three different near‐infrared pumping, we report an experimental design to fine‐control emission in the full color gamut from core–shell‐structured UCNPs by manipulating the energy migration through dual‐channel pump scheme. We also demonstrate their potential application in full‐color display. These findings may benefit the future development of convenient and versatile optical methos for multicolor tuning and open up the possibility of constructing full‐color volumetric display systems with high spatiotemporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials with tunable emission colors has attracted increasing interest in both fundamental research and applications. As a key member of light‐emitting materials family, lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been intensively demonstrated to emit light in any color upon near‐infrared excitation. However, realizing the trichromatic emission in UCNPs with a fixed composition remains a great challenge. Here, without excitation pulsed modulation and three different near‐infrared pumping, we report an experimental design to fine‐control emission in the full color gamut from core–shell‐structured UCNPs by manipulating the energy migration through dual‐channel pump scheme. We also demonstrate their potential application in full‐color display. These findings may benefit the future development of convenient and versatile optical methos for multicolor tuning and open up the possibility of constructing full‐color volumetric display systems with high spatiotemporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleic acid nanotechnologies based on toehold-mediated strand displacement are ideally suited for single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) detection. But only a limited number of means could be used to construct selective hybridization probes via finely designed toehold and regulation of branching migration. Herein, we present a cooperative hybridization strategy relying on a dual-toehold and bulge-loop (DT&BL) probe, coupled with the strand displacement catalytic (SDC) cycle to identify SNVs. The dual-toehold can simultaneously hybridize the 5′ and 3′ ends of the target, so that it possessed the mutual correction function for improving the specificity in comparison with the single target-binding domain. Insertion of BLs into the dual-toehold probe allows tuning of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and control of the reaction rate during branching migration. Using the SDC cycle, the reactivity and selectivity of the DT&BL probe were increased drastically without elaborate competitive sequences. The feasibilities of this platform were demonstrated by the identification of three cancer-related genes. Moreover, the applicability of this biosensor to detect clinical samples showed satisfactory accuracy and reliability. We envision it would offer a new perspective for the construction of highly specific probes based on dynamic DNA nanotechnology, and serves as a promising tool for clinical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A sequence-unconstrained strategy integrates DSN cycling and PER circuitry to implement versatile molecular logic circuits. • Leakage reactions are minimized by employing linear capture probe (CP) with MBs compared to molecular beacon probes (MBP) for DNA barcoding. • This platform allows sensitive detection of various miRNAs via freely designed "barcodes" completely independent of target binding sequence. • Common logic computations and hierarchical circuit operation can be successfully programmed in response to a specific pattern of diverse miRNAs. DNA strand displacement and enzyme-driven catalysis are pivotal in regulating molecular interactions and constructing molecular logic circuits. However, their application in intricate hierarchical cascading networks has been hindered by sequence crosstalk restrictions on the multiple inputs and outputs. In this study, we present a sequence-unconstrained strategy to implement versatile molecular logic circuits, relying on duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted cycling and primer exchange reaction (PER) amplification circuitry (DSN-PER). Employing linear capture probe (CP) conjugated with magnetic beads (MBs) significantly minimizes crosstalk reactions compared to the previous molecular beacon probe (MBP) for DNA barcoding. Importantly, the sequence design of "barcodes" is fully independent of target binding sites on MBs, allowing for the sensitive detection of a broad range of microRNAs (miRNAs) using the DSN-PER method. Specifically, this platform supports the programming of common logic computations (YES, NOT, OR, INHIBIT, AND, and NOR) and hierarchical circuit operation (OR-AND) in response to a specific pattern of varying miRNAs. These versatile logic circuits offer unique features with flexible sequence design, potentially broadening the applications of dynamic nucleic acid nanotechnologies in multiplexed bio-computation, intelligent diagnostics, and sophisticated DNA nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]