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The paper describes a new design of a directional coupler with four plug-in quarterwave loops. Four loops increase the operating frequency band several times, but the area of the device also grows by two quarter-wave segments in length. It is not always possible to use such a large device area, for this reason, techniques are used to reduce the size of the device with minimal loss in its characteristics. Using miniaturization, which is the use of compact structures, it was possible to reduce the size of a quarterwave coupler by 59.85% at its center frequency of 2 GHz. This integration of the device resulted in a 22.3% reduction in the original frequency band. The topology was developed in the program of electrodynamic modeling, which allows using the optimization to obtain the topology of the device with the best characteristics. Then, based on the simulation, a prototype of the proposed four-loop coupler was manufactured. Its measured characteristics showed good agreement with its results obtained during the simulation. The proposed method of reducing the size can be used not only on directional couplers, but also on a number of other microstrip devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directional couplers can divide the input power between its outputs in different proportions. This is due to the ratio of wave resistances between two pairs of quarterwave segments. Due to the fact that at frequencies of 2 GHz and lower couplers are also actively used, it is necessary to take care that their dimensions satisfy the radio system where they will be installed. Due to the fact that it is not always possible was investigated miniaturization as an opportunity to reduce the area occupied by the branch while maintaining its performance. Miniaturization also allows you to save material and costs for its production. In this paper, a directional coupler with a power division of 2 to 1 was investigated. The area of such a device with the help of compact structures was reduced by 60%, at a Central operating frequency of 2 GHz. The frequency band was reduced by almost 23%. By etching the surface, a prototype of a compact directional coupler was obtained. The experiment showed the efficiency of the theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the design of a crossover whose dimensions are miniaturized using compact elements. Crossover is a directional coupler that allows you to transmit the incoming power to the input diagonally to one output, the rest can be considered untied. Compact units are designed in such a way as to achieve identical characteristics with replaceable lines. The number of connected loops in the crossover design will affect the dimensions and bandwidth of the device. With the help of mathematical modeling, the topology of the standard design was obtained, and after its dimensions were reduced by installing compact elements. Miniaturization allows not only to save the material on which they are made, but also the cost of the associated costs associated with the manufacture of such devices. Compact crossover has an area that is a percentage of 65.7% less than the usual design. However, with the decrease in the size of the structure increased losses and narrowed the band operating frequencies. Miniaturization also requires additional time to calculate compact elements, and design optimization to achieve acceptable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the design of a compact Wilkinson coupler with an operating frequency of 1000 MHz. This device belongs to the class of power dividers, which are widely used in various microwave systems. The classical design consists of two segments of the transmission line with a length of a quarter of the wavelength, which are connected through the resistance R with a nominal value of 100 Ohms. The presence of resonant segments leads to the fact that the device has large dimensions at low frequencies of the microwave range. The use of compact elements, in the form of a set of capacitance and inductance, allows to obtain equivalent characteristics of the chain to the quarter-wave segments. These elements are calculated in such a way that they are simple and easy to produce. Miniaturization of taps saves the dielectric and the cost of producing them. The design, operates at a Central frequency of 1 GHz and has an area of 67.7% less than that of a conventional design. With a significant miniaturization of the area of the device, negative effects such as narrowing of the frequency band, and an increase in losses occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an original design of a directional coupler with five connected quarter-wave plumes is proposed. This number of loops allowed to increase the bandwidth of operating frequencies, but at the same time the length of such a device becomes large. This leads to the fact that it is necessary to use more dielectric material on which the micro-plane couplers are made. In order to reduce the cost of manufacturing the device can be used miniaturization of microplane devices. In this article the design of the compact five-loop coupler which dimensions were reduced due to application of original compact structures is offered. The taper with a Central frequency of 2 GHz was reduced by 56.8% relative to the size of the standard taper on the quarter-wave segments. At the same time, miniaturization led to such a negative fact as the reduction of the working band by 18.2%. The design and study of the proposed design was implemented in a specialized program, the use of programs allows you to accelerate the design process of various radio devices. After the coupler was designed, its topology was made by etching method. The model of the proposed coupler was investigated and its frequency characteristics showed good agreement with its theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]