Search

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of agricultural subsidies and agricultural employment on economic growth in Türkiye by utilizing annual data for the period 2000-2022. Benefiting from empirical analysis, the variables in the study were primarily tested with the unit root test. The differences of the variables for which unit roots were determined were purified from unit roots as the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test suggests. Appropriate lag test was applied to the series and then the causality relationship between economic growth, agricultural employment rate and agricultural support amount was analyzed according to the results of cointegration, error-corrected VAR estimation, and Granger causality test. Based on the results of the analysis, agricultural subsidies do not have a significant effect on economic growth or economic growth on agricultural subsidies, whereas agricultural employment has a bidirectional and positive effect on economic growth. Causality findings indicate no causality between agricultural subsidies and economic growth. A bidirectional and positive economic growth as a result of agricultural employment was determined, and the existence of a causality relationship between the two variables has been demonstrated. In conclusion, it has been found that agricultural subsidies provided for economic growth in Türkiye have not yielded effective results, whereas agricultural employment provided positive reflections. Therefore, taking measures for a controlled transition from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural sectors over time, thus increasing the quality and adaptability of the workforce in the sector, and recording employment through incentives will make a great contribution to the solution of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production is economically complex and competitive. Agricultural production both meets the nutritional needs of the population and increases life expectancy at birth. In this context, the contribution of labor force to the production process increases and life expectancy increases relatively. Besides all these, the agricultural sector; It supplies raw materials to the manufacturing industry, creates domestic demand and increases the domestic savings supply that can be used to finance industrialization. Based on these factors, it is thought that the agricultural sector has a direct or indirect impact on economic growth. Although the Turkish economy has faced many internal and external tensions in recent years, growth in the economy has continued. Determining the economic factors affecting this growth in the agricultural sector constitutes the main theme of the study. In this context, based on 23-year time series data between 2000 and 2022, regression analysis was performed and economic factors affecting agricultural growth were tried to be determined. In the study; Agricultural supports, agricultural fixed capital investments made by the public sector and private sector, the share of agriculture in GDP, the relationship between agricultural employment and agricultural GDP were subjected to a regression analysis. Within the scope of the findings obtained from the research, it was found that agricultural supports, fixed capital investments and the share of agriculture in GDP affected growth positively, while the number of agricultural employment negatively affected agricultural growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its territory of 6437 square kilometers, 50,7% of the total population lives in rural areas in Gümüşhane Province. Agricultural activities are mainly performed by small family businesses in the province. Considering land structure, climate, vegatation, diversity of flora and the life styles, apiculture comes forward as one of the most convenient sectors for economic activity. In Gümüşhane, the number local residents engaged in apiculture is rather low. Capital acumilations of domestic farmer families are insufficient; yet their ability for taking advantage of state subsidies efficiently are complicated by buraucratic mechanisms. In this context, the migratory beekeepers from Ordu, Trabzon, Giresun and Rize, who comes to the province after spring, earn the main income from the beekeeping in Gümüşhane. Therefore, in face of the province's problems such as depleting of the population and poverty, the potential of the beekeeping to bring solutions has not been utilized. The number of producers engaged in beekeeping is slightly over 500 in Gumushane. 480 of them are registered in the province's beekeepers association and produce 1360 tons of honey per year with 60000 bee colonies. Other producers keeping hives, continue the activities to operate at a level that meets the family needs. In this context, beekeeping does not reach beyond to be a supporting factor after the other economic activities for the subsistence of households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a territory where earth forms and flora were fashioned by mountainous structure, Gümüşhane has rich potentiality in the terms of alternative tourism. The direct distance of the province from the sea is about 50 kilometers. However, reaching to 3300 meters at highest, the territorial structure is the disadvantage of the province at the same time. The difficulty in traveling to any other provinces or to the locations within Gümüşhane has always been determinative for the social and economical life. The utilization of the advantages of natural environment could be managed with determining the dimensions of potentiality completely. This advantage could contribute to the economical, social and cultural development. To gather data from the field, a survey form was used, consisting the same questions in two languages. The forms were applied to 201 domestic tourists, to 100 foreign tourists and to 100 tourism business managers as three separate categories of the research. The data obtained have been analyzed with SPSS software for the tests of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage values, and frequencies. Then, the results of analyses were evaluated in the tables. The results demonstrate that the province of Gümüşhane has sufficient potential of alternative tourism to ensure the significant mobility of national and international tourism. However, it is concluded that this has not been used sufficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the current economic structure, the social problems of Gümüşhane province, which exist in a relatively under-developed region of Turkey, is demonstrated, in comparison with entire Turkey, and partly with Black Sea sub-division. Many social and economic problems can be underlined abaout the underdevelopment of the province. The study intends to propose the economic potential of the Gümüşhane Province as evaluating the ability for economic development and social progress with the guidance of respected data. In the study, the strong and weak aspects of Gümüşhane in the terms of economics have been examined with the scientific approach of SWOT analysis. The existence of the significant reserves such as, gold, copper, lead, and silver which are actively operated; the rapid growth of Gümüşhane University; the achieving patent rights in the manufacturing of traditional fruit products as pestil, köme and rosehip jam, environmental conditions suitable for organic farming; the hydro-electric power plants established in Harshit Valley are the emerging aspects of strengths of the province. In addition it is concluded that, the province's first rank in the organic dairy cattle in Europe; the presence of fertile agricultural lands in Kelkit, Köse, Şiran (Upper Euphrates Basin); fishing aquaculture in the various dams along the Çoruh Basin (in Harşit Valley; Gümüshane, Torul, Kürtün); performing small cattle breeding and apiculture, bring agrarian sectors forward, stating an enormous potential for new investments networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]