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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in China and is associated with high mortality. The occurrence and development of gastric cancer are related to genetic and environmental factors. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is activated by the extracellular matrix and growth factors. FAK is highly expressed in cancer and promotes its development by regulating cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The expression of IL-8 is increased in many types of malignant tumor cells and is linked to their proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and EMT. In this study, we found FAK to be essential for the proliferation, migration, and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells. To examine the molecular regulatory mechanisms of FAK in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer, we performed RNA-seq analysis of MKN-45-FAK−/− and MKN45 cells and demonstrated that IL-8 was downregulated in FAK-deficient cells. Conversely, we confirmed that IL-8 activates FAK activity. We established that IL-8 promotes the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of gastric cancer cells that are partially mediated by FAK. Thus, we propose that an IL-8-FAK-IL-8 positive feedback loop effects the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The park-level integrated energy system characterized by electricity heat cooling storage is regarded as a viable solution to energy and environmental crises due to its cleanliness and high efficiency. However, decision-makers encounter challenges in picking the optimum construction scheme. The paper introduces the matter element extension into the investment decision-making of the park-level integrated energy system. To begin, the paper analyzes the composition of the evaluation index system from the basic composition of the park-level integrated energy system, and establishes a standard system for comprehensive performance analysis, including economic, environmental, energy, security, and intelligence. Second, the subjective weight is calculated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, the objective weight is calculated using the entropy weight. The matter element extension is used to evaluate the alternatives' performance. Finally, an industrial park in Jiangsu Province of China is selected as a case to verify. The results show that good comprehensive performance can be obtained by using photovoltaic, wind turbines, electric energy storage, ice storage, and heat pumps. The decision-making results will not be affected by the change in subjective and objective weight and the change in index weight within 20 %, but changes in matter-element classification would. • Intelligent performance criterion is introduced. • The evaluation system includes economy, environment, energy, security, intelligence. • A decision-making framework for the park-level integrated energy system is established. • A variety of sensitivity analyses were performed. • Using renewable energy and energy storage can obtain good comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reasonable regional integrated energy system (RIES) structure is the key to achieving its economic and efficient operation. However, in actual engineering construction, only the maximum load is considered as a prerequisite for energy design, which leads to waste of energy allocation. In view of this, this article proposes an electricity-thermal-cooling RIES energy stations and networks planning model that coordinates the operation of multiple-user loads, energy networks, and energy stations based on the idea of load clustering. Firstly, an average peak valley difference rate covering electricity, thermal, and cooling loads was proposed to evaluate the load characteristics of the RIES. Secondly, based on the load cluster characteristics and network costs of RIES, a RIES planning optimization framework is proposed, which includes load cluster division, RIES site selection and network planning, and RIES capacity planning. Thirdly, based on the P-median model and load cluster characteristics, establish an RIES location and network layout model. Fourthly, establish an RIES capacity planning model with the goal of annual total cost and carbon emissions. Finally, Dijkstra, improved particle swarm optimization, and VIKOR were used to solve the model. The results showed that the proposed model reduced the annual total cost by 7.13 % and the annual carbon emissions by 3.72 %. • Establish an average load peak valley difference index. • Establish a RIES planning framework includes network layout and capacity planning. • Establish an IES planning model with the goal of cost and carbon emissions. • Total annual cost decreased by 7.13 % and CO 2 emissions decreased by 2.77 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the tracking control problem of the projectile hitting point of the moving tank is studied. First, a multi-body dynamic model with stability systems is established. Second, the nonlinear coupling dynamic equation of turret-barrel pointing system is established. Third, the trajectory equation of exterior ballistic (EB) projectile in six degree-of-freedom is established, and the pointing problem was transformed into a problem of hitting point tracking through coordinate transformation. Forth, an adaptive robust feedback control method is proposed to make the predicted hitting point tracking the expected position accurately. Finally, Chebyshev surrogate model is used to replace the EB differential equation, which effectively reduces the time required by co-simulation. This paper combines the EB process with the tracking control problem, which effectively ensures the first-round chance of hit for the tank gun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of better biomarkers currently limits early diagnosis and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our previously published study reported that the cyclic-peptide SD01 exhibited specific binding to EphA2 (Ephrin type-A receptor 2) on TNBC. To develop a novel PET imaging agent, we prepared gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled-DOTA-SD01 and evaluated its specificity and effectiveness through micro PET/CT imaging in a TNBC-bearing mouse model. SD01 and a control linear peptide YSA were conjugated to DOTA and subsequently labeled with 68Ga, obtaining 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 and 68Ga-DOTA-YSA. Both showed high radiochemical purity, stability, good hydrophilicity, and high binding affinity to 4T1 cells. Micro PET/CT imaging showed high radioactivity accumulation in tumors; SUVmean (mean standardized uptake value) of tumors in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 was 3.34 ± 0.25 and 2.65 ± 0.32 in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-YSA; T/NT ratios (target to non-target, SUVmean ratios of tumor to muscle) were 3.12 ± 0.06 and 2.77 ± 0.11 at 30 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The biodistribution study showed that tumor uptake % ID per g (percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue) in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 was 2.73 ± 0.34, and 1.77 ± 0.38 in the group of 68Ga-DOTA-YSA; T/NT ratios (radioactivity of tumor to muscle) were 3.55 ± 0.12 and 3.05 ± 0.10 for both groups at 30 min, respectively (p < 0.05). All these suggest that 68Ga-DOTA-SD01 may act as a better novel PET imaging agent for EphA2 positive tumors, such as TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in-depth understanding of the relationship between development patterns of carsharing stations and built environment are important to the comprehensive station evaluation, layout optimization and urban spatial resources planning. However, the previous researches mainly study the operation of carsharing by aggregate methods with cross-sectional data and rarely discovered patterns within carsharing operation time series. Therefore, an interpretable analytic framework is proposed for predicting development patterns of carsharing stations, which is composed of a development pattern construction method based on Time Series Clustering and an interpretable prediction method based on CatBoost and SHAP models. The temporal variations of time series data are sufficiently utilized by time series clustering to identify patterns and CatBoost-SHAP has better classification performance and interpretability than general machine learning methods. The proposed framework is applied to explore the relationship between the development pattern of one-way carsharing stations and the built environment influencing factors. The result shows that the carsharing stations of Nanjing EVCARD are divided into two types: increasing pattern and decreasing pattern. The built environment factors that have the greatest impact on model output and the impact of pairwise factors are visually analysed. Moreover, this is also effective for a specific individual station to analyze the causes of its status quo. Therefore, this study provides data-driven intuitive decision references for carsharing operators, which helps the operators effectively manage carsharing stations. • Mining the development patterns of carsharing stations. • Constructing an interpretable prediction model of development patterns. • Collecting a variety of data relating to stations through a carsharing APP. • Applying the proposed framework to an actual carsharing operator. • Providing graphical data-driven management references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi energy demand response is an important measure to achieve the economic and efficient operation of the integrated energy system (IES), which is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the IES. The concept of demand response (DR) is extended to IES, and a double objective operation optimization model of IES considering integrated demand response (IDR) mechanism is proposed. Firstly, based on the electro-thermal IES, this paper proposes a demand response mechanism considering electric load and thermal load. According to the load composition (transferable load, reducible load, adjustable thermal load), the load management strategy is established. Then, based on the DR mechanism of electro-thermal IES, a multi-objective operation optimization model is established for the first time, which takes the economic benefits and comprehensive energy efficiency as the objective function. The model involves the equipment constraint in the process of energy production and energy transmission. The relationship between total operation cost and comprehensive energy efficiency of electro-thermal IES is analyzed in the part of Data, Simulation Results and Analysis. Finally, the results show that the model effectively improves the economic benefits and comprehensive energy efficiency of IES, and reduces the pollutants emissions to a certain extent. • The information and energy flow framework of an integrated energy system is proposed. • An integrated demand response mechanism considering load composition is established. • A dual objective operation optimization model of integrated energy system is established. • The model aims at economy and comprehensive energy efficiency. • The model can improve the economic, efficiency and environmental benefits of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A series of new 68Ga-labeled tracers based on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 were developed to augment the tumor-to-kidney ratio and reduce the activity accumulation in bladder, ultimately minimize radiation toxicity to the urinary system. Methods: We introduced quinoline group, phenylalanine and decanoic acid into different tracers to enhance their lipophilicity, strategically limiting their metabolic pathway through the urinary system. Their binding affinity onto LNCaP cells was determined through in vitro saturation assays and competition binding assays. In vivo metabolic study, PET imaging and biodistribution experiment were performed in LNCaP tumor-bearing B-NSG male mice. The most promising tracer was selected for first-in-human study. Results: Four radiotracers were synthesized with radiochemical purity (RCP) > 95% and molar activity in a range of 20.0-25.5 GBq/μmol. The binding affinities (Ki) of TWS01, TWS02 to PSMA were in the low nanomolar range (< 10 nM), while TWS03 and TWS04 exhibited binding affinities with Ki > 20 nM (59.42 nM for TWS03 and 37.14 nM for TWS04). All radiotracers exhibited high stability in vivo except [68Ga]Ga-TWS03. Micro PET/CT imaging and biodistribution analysis revealed that [68Ga]Ga-TWS02 enabled clear tumor visualization in PET images at 1.5 h post-injection, with higher tumor-to-kidney ratio (T/K, 0.93) and tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M, 107.62) compared with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (T/K: 0.39, T/M: 15.01) and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (T/K: 0.15, T/M: 24.00). In first-in-human study, [68Ga]Ga-TWS02 effectively detected PCa-associated lesions including primary and metastatic lesions, with lower accumulation in urinary system, suggesting that [68Ga]Ga-TWS02 might be applied in the detection of bladder invasion, with minimized radiation toxicity to the urinary system. Conclusion: Introduction of quinoline group, phenylalanine and decanoic acid into different tracers can modulate the binding affinity and pharmacokinetics of PSMA in vivo. [68Ga]Ga-TWS02 showed high binding affinity to PSMA, excellent pharmacokinetic properties and clear imaging of PCa-associated lesions, making it a promising radiotracer for the clinical diagnosis of PCa. Moreover, TWS02 with a chelator DOTA could also label 177Lu and 225Ac, which could be used for PCa treatment without significant side effects. Trial registration: The clinical evaluation of this study was registered On October 30, 2021 at https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (No: ChiCTR2100052545). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage degeneration is highly associated with synovial inflammation. Although recent investigations have revealed a dysregulated crosstalk between fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of synovitis, limited knowledge is available regarding the involvement of exosomes. Here, increased exosome secretion is observed in FLSs from OA patients. Notably, internalization of inflammatory FLS‐derived exosomes (inf‐exo) can enhance the M1 polarization of macrophages, which further induces an OA‐like phenotype in co‐cultured chondrocytes. Intra‐articular injection of inf‐exo induces synovitis and exacerbates OA progression in murine models. In addition, it is demonstrated that inf‐exo stimulation triggers the activation of glycolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis using 2‐DG successfully attenuates excessive M1 polarization triggered by inf‐exo. Mechanistically, HIF1A is identified as the determinant transcription factor, inhibition of which, both pharmacologically or genetically, relieves macrophage inflammation triggered by inf‐exo‐induced hyperglycolysis. Furthermore, in vivo administration of an HIF1A inhibitor alleviates experimental OA. The results provide novel insights into the involvement of FLS‐derived exosomes in OA pathogenesis, suggesting that inf‐exo‐induced macrophage dysfunction represents an attractive target for OA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men, with the overexpression of prostate-specific membrane. In this study, we developed four new 68Ga-labeled PSMA-targeting tracers by introducing quinoline, phenylalanine and decanoic acid groups to enhance their lipophilicity, strategically limiting their metabolic pathway through the urinary system. Four radiotracers were synthesized with radiochemical purity >95 %, and exhibited high stability in vivo and in vitro. The inhibition constants (K i) of SDTWS01-04 to PSMA were in the nanomolar range (<10 nM). Micro PET/CT imaging and biodistribution analysis revealed that 68Ga-SDTWS01 enabled clear tumor visualization in PET images at 1.5 h post-injection, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, the kidney uptake of 68Ga-SDTWS01 significantly reduced, with higher tumor-to-kidney ratio (0.36 ± 0.02), tumor-to-muscle ratio (24.31 ± 2.10), compared with 68Ga-PSMA-11 (T/K: 0.15 ± 0.01; T/M: 14.97 ± 1.40), suggesting that 68Ga-SDTWS01 is a promising radiotracer for the diagnosis of PCa. Moreover, SDTWS01 with a chelator DOTA could also label 177Lu and 225Ac, which could be used for the treatment of PCa. [Display omitted] • Four novel radiotracers were developed. • 68Ga-SDTWS01 displayed reduced kidney uptake, with high T/K and T/M ratios. • 68Ga-SDTWS01 is a promising radiotracer for the diagnosis of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of target tracking control of marching tanks under the condition of high-speed maneuver based on sliding mode disturbance observer. First, the dynamic model of marching tank is established by using multi-body dynamics software. The nonlinear factors such as barrel flexibility, clearance between barrel and bushing, and uncertainty sources such as road excitation are considered. Second, the mechatronics model of tank bidirectional stabilization system considering transmission clearance and friction is established in numerical simulation software. Aiming at the tank bidirectional stabilization system, an adaptive robust controller based on sliding mode disturbance observer is designed. Finally, the real-time control and target tracking of the tank bidirectional stabilization system are realized by co-simulation. The results show that the sliding mode disturbance observer improves the stability accuracy of the system by 43.22 %. Comparing the simulation results with the PID control, the controller designed in this paper has the characteristics of rapid tracking speed and high robustness, and the advantage is more obvious under the condition of high-speed maneuver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Inflammatory Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocyte‐Derived Exosomes Aggravate Osteoarthritis via Enhancing Macrophage Glycolysis" explores the role of exosomes in the development of synovitis and osteoarthritis. The authors discovered that inflammatory fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) secrete more exosomes compared to intact FLSs. These exosomes act as messengers, spreading inflammation from FLSs to macrophages and triggering macrophage M1-like polarization, which worsens osteoarthritis. The study also reveals that this communication involves the activation of glycolysis in macrophages through the upregulation of the transcription factor HIF1A. This research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of synovitis and offers potential avenues for future therapeutic approaches for osteoarthritis. [Extracted from the article]

In addition to serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids can be used as an energy source, through catabolism. The transamination, oxidative deamination, and decarboxylation processes that occur during amino acid catabolism are catalyzed by specific enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC); however, the overall molecular mechanisms through which amino acid catabolism occurs remain largely unknown. To examine the role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on amino acid catabolism, mTORC1 was inactivated by rapamycin or shRNA targeting Raptor, versus activated by overexpressing Rheb or amino acids in human hepatocytes. The expression of amino acid catabolic genes and related transcription factor was investigated by RT/real-time PCR and western blot analysis. A few types of amino acid metabolite were examined by ELISA and HPLC analysis. The data showed that inactivated mTORC1 resulted in inhibition of NF-κB and the expression of AST, GDH, GAD, and ODC, whereas activated mTORC1 enhanced NF-κB activation and the expression levels of the catabolism-associated genes. Further, inhibition of NF-κB reduced the expression levels of AST, GDH, GAD, and ODC. mTORC1 upregulated NF-κB activation and the expression of AST and ODC in response to glutamate and ornithine treatments, whereas rapamycin inhibited the utilization of glutamate and ornithine in hepatocytes. Taken together, these results indicated that the mTORC1/NF-κB axis modulates the rate of amino acid catabolism by regulating the expression of key catabolic enzymes in hepatocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate forecasting of regional energy supply and demand is of great significance for exploring alternative energies and promoting a strategic energy transformation. To support this transformation in China, we predict the Chinese energy demand and explore connections between energy substitution and energy structure transformation. To study how the electric-power substitution (EPS) policy affects energy demand in China, we construct a dynamic management model based on the approach of system dynamics and implement it by using Vensim software. This model is used to simulate and assess how, under different scenarios, the EPS policy affects energy demand and CO2 emissions in China for the period 2015–2035. The simulation shows the indispensable role of the EPS policy in promoting the transformation of China's energy structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stearic acid (C18:0, SA) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) that has a prominent function in lactating dairy cows. It is obtained primarily from the diet and is stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is also known as fatty acid translocase, but whether SA promotes lipid synthesis through CD36 and FAK/mTORC1 signaling is unknown. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of CD36-mediated SA-induced lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). SA-enriched supplements enhanced lipid synthesis and the FAK/mTORC1 pathway in BMECs. SA-induced lipid synthesis, FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and the expression of lipogenic genes were impaired by anti-CD36 and the CD36-specific inhibitor SSO, whereas overexpression of CD36 effected the opposite results. Inhibition of FAK/mTORC1 by TAE226/Rapamycin attenuated SA-induced TAG synthesis, inactivated FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and downregulated the lipogenic genes PPARG , CD36 , ACSL1 , SCD , GPAT4 , LIPIN1, and DGAT 1 at the mRNA and protein levels in BMECs. By coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screen, CD36 interacted directly with Fyn but not Lyn, and Fyn bound directly to FAK; FAK also interacted directly with TSC2. CD36 linked FAK through Fyn, and FAK coupled mTORC1 through TSC2 to form the CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling axis. Thus, stearic acid promotes lipogenesis through CD36 and Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling in BMECs. Our findings provide novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LCFA supplements promote lipid synthesis in BMECs. • SA promotes lipid synthesis, FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and the expression of lipogenic genes in BMECs. • CD36, as a potential receptor, mediates and senses exogenous SA signaling to regulate the lipid synthesis. • CD36 couples FAK through Fyn to form the CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling axis to mediate SA-induced lipid synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared electric vehicles (SEVs) have emerged as a promising mode of transportation with the growth of EVs and the sharing economy. However, current challenges, such as suboptimal station planning and inflexible operation schedules, are limiting the user experience and the growth of the industry. Therefore, our study adopts the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm to divide the stations into two categories: the residential station and the business office station. We then apply the Spatial-Temporal Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (ST-DBSCAN) algorithm to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of SEVs from three aspects: hotspot area, travel volume and travel speed, based on trajectory data from the two types of stations. Results suggest that the distribution hotspot and travel volume of SEV at residential and business office stations is similar during the morning peak, concentrated in office, residential and transportation hub areas, whereas it is obviously different during the evening peak. Unlike the commuting demand of users in residential stations, users in business office stations prefer to use SEVs to travel to leisure and entertainment areas. Furthermore, we found that the driving speed of SEVs is primarily determined by actual road conditions and not significantly affected by station type. These findings provide valuable insights for SEV operators to optimize station layouts and spatial planning of vehicles during peak periods. [Display omitted] • Identify different types of SEV stations using AP. • Analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of SEV using ST-DBSCAN. • Discover the typical patterns of hotspot areas, travel volume, and travel speed during peak hours. • Provide operational management suggestions for station selection and vehicle deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exergy efficiency with consideration for the quantity and quality of energy is taken as an index of energy utilization. • A collaborative planning model is proposed on energy structure selection and equipment capacity optimization configuration. • The solution methods used in this model include Matter-element information theory, Frequent Pattern-growth algorithm, and the tabu search algorithm embedded in the multi-objective genetic algorithm. • The comparison between the three schemes verifies the effectiveness of the model. This paper introduces the exergy efficiency that takes into account both the quantity and quality of energy, and constructs a bi-level planning optimization model of the regional integrated energy system. Factors such as equipment exergy efficiency are considered by the upper-level planning model. Through matter-element information theory and Frequent Patterm-growth algorithm, the energy structure of the regional integrated energy system planning is determined by quantitative means. The lower-level planning model is intended for economy and exergy efficiency, and the tabu search algorithm is embedded in the solving algorithm of the multi-objective genetic algorithm for solving, determining the capacity of each equipment in the energy structure. In the case study, three comparison schemes are used to verify the proposed model and method through the regional integrated energy system in a resort town in northern China. Among them, Scheme 1 is devised for economy, Scheme 2 is proposed for economy and energy efficiency, and Scheme 3 is intended for economy and exergy efficiency. The results show that compared with the Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, the system exergy efficiency of Scheme 3 corresponding to this model has increased by 17.34% and 11.17%, respectively. Despite an increase of 10.61% in total annualized cost in Scheme 3 compared to Scheme 1, there is a decrease of 6.37% compared to Scheme 2. Despite the conflict in improving exergy efficiency and economy, there is still a balance to draw in the proposed model in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Transmission and Distribution (T&D) tariff reform has constrained the revenue and increased the operating pressure of the China's power grid companies. The contradiction between investment demand and investment capacity is increasingly prominent. It is urgent to carry out relevant research on how to alleviate the negative impact of the reform of transmission and distribution prices and realize the sustainable development of power grid enterprises. In order to provide reference for the investment decision-making and operation management of China's power grid companies, and to achieve the goal of coordinating investment demand and investment capacity as much as possible, this paper analyzed the specific content and impact of the T&D tariff reform, constructed a power grid investment capacity calculation model, and established the coordination and optimization model of grid investment capacity and investment demand is developed. Then, an empirical analysis was carried out by taking two provincial grid companies in different situations as examples to determine a reasonable investment scale, verify the validity of the model, and put forward investment strategies and policy recommendations that adapt to the reform of transmission and distribution prices. • An investment capacity analysis model adapted to the T&D tariff reform is established. • The coordination evaluation index of investment capacity and investment demand is put forward. • A coordination optimization model of grid investment capacity and investment demand is established. • Asset-liability ratio and depreciation have a key impact on grid investment. • The main strategy is to increase financing fund to coordinate capacity and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyroptosis is a recently identified pathway of caspase-mediated cell death in response to microbes, lipopolysaccharide, or chemotherapy in certain types of cells. However, the mechanism of how pyroptosis is regulated is not well-established. Methods: Herein, the intracellular bacteria were detected by staining and laser confocal microscopy and TEM. Live/dead cell imaging assay was used to examine macrophage death. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the protein changes. IFA was used to identify typical budding vesicles of pyroptosis and the STAT3 nuclear localization. SEM was used to observe the morphological characteristics of pyroptosis. ELISA was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis was filmed in macrophages by LSCM. Results: S. aureus was internalized by human macrophages. Intracellular S. aureus induced macrophage death. S. aureus invasion increased the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1 (Casp-1 p20) and the accumulation of GSDMD-NT, GSDMD-NT pore structures, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages. Macrophages pyroptosis induced by S. aureus can be abrogated by blockage of S. aureus phagocytosis. The pyroptosic effect by S. aureus infection was promoted by either rapamycin or Stattic, a specific inhibitor for mTORC1 or STAT3. Inhibition of mTORC1 or STAT3 induced pyroptosis. mTORC1 regulated the pyroptosic gene expression through governing the nuclear localization of STAT3. mTORC1/STAT3 axis may play a regulatory role in pyroptosis within macrophages. Conclusions: S. aureus infection induces human macrophage pyroptosis, inhibition of mTORC1/STAT3 axis facilitates S. aureus-induced pyroptosis. mTORC1 and STAT3 are associated with pyroptosis. Our findings demonstrate a regulatory function of the mTORC1/STAT3 axis in macrophage pyroptosis, constituting a novel mechanism by which pyroptosis is regulated in macrophages. Dm4iGs5nWD8FkGrYCfJL2M Video Abstract Macrophages were infected with S. aureus for 3 h (MOI 25:1), and pyroptosis was filmed in macrophages by laser confocal microscopy. A representative field was recorded. Arrow indicates lysing dead cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the coordination and complementarity of multiple energy sources, the optimal capacity planning of integrated energy system under limited financial constraints can promote the local absorption of renewable energy, realize the optimal utilization of resources and improve the utilization rate of comprehensive energy. Aiming at the integrated energy system formed by multi-energy coupling, this paper adopts three investment restraint schemes, simulates the economic operation of the system based on typical daily load characteristic curves in different seasons, and establishes an optimal capacity allocation model of the integrated energy system taking into account the investment cost restraint and minimizing the total annual cost and carbon dioxide emissions. Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2) and Technology for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are used to optimize the solution. Finally, a park in Beijing is taken as an example to verify the model optimization results and the actual results. The deviation of the target results is less than 5%. This study realizes the scientific capacity allocation of integrated energy system, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the planning and design of integrated energy system. • Capacity planning optimization under different equipment investment constraints. • Bi-level model framework for universal capacity planning optimization. • The model of multi-objective capacity planning considering economic-environmental cost. • Three schemes are simulated and compared, and sensitivity analysis is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reforms, the Chinese power grid is transitioning to a more dynamic and competitive power market. Transmission and distribution tariff policies have changed the profit model and influence the financial capacity of the Chinese power-grid companies. This study analyzes the specific content of the reform, the calculation related to each component of power-grid financial capacity, and the interaction and feedback characteristics among the components. On this foundation, we establish a financial capacity model using the system dynamics theory. Taking a power-grid company as a case to undertake empirical and sensitivity analyses, we put forward management strategies and policy recommendations. • Discuss policy implications with an explicit concern on investment capacity issue. • Define the interaction and feedback characteristics between the components of investment capacity. • Establish a system dynamics calculation model of power grid investment capacity. • The investment capacity of power grid companies will keep growing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A RIES energy network modeling and operation problem is studied. • An operation optimization model considering ladder environmental trading is established. • The optimization of the energy network is studied by optimizing the EH in the system. • The economic and environmental benefits of the system could be realized. The energy network is a hub center connecting the energy supply side and the energy demand side, which has high flexibility. At the same time, energy hub is the key to coupling different energy networks. Therefore, from the optimization of the output of the energy hub to the optimization of the coordinated operation state of the multi-energy network is the core of the regional integrated energy system operation optimization research. This paper focuses on the operation optimization of regional integrated energy systems based on modeling of Electricity-Thermal-Natural Gas Network. Firstly, a general model of Electricity network, Natural Gas network, and Thermal network is established, on this basis, according to the coupling mechanism of multi-energy network, a comprehensive model of Electricity-Thermal-Natural Gas coupling system is established. Secondly, considering the constraints such as energy balance and transmission power of external network, an economic dispatching model of regional integrated energy system considering ladder carbon trading mechanism is established with the objective of minimizing economic cost. Thirdly, Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm is used to solve the economic dispatch model, and the optimization results of the energy hub are obtained. Combined with the general energy network model, the optimization results of each energy network are further obtained according to the characteristics of energy balance and energy flow transmission of the system, including equipment output, gas turbine efficiency, thermal medium velocity, etc. Finally, in order to illustrate the advantages of this method, "Following power load", "Following heat load", and "Optimal scheduling" are set up in the simulation, and the simulation results show that the total operation cost of "Optimal scheduling" mode is reduced by 8.44% and the environmental emission is reduced by 15.03% compared with the other two modes, and the technical and economic characteristics of "Optimal scheduling" mode have strong advantages in the three modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]