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BACKGROUND: Men with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have decreased sexual function due to factors related to the underlying disease, medication, and/or surgery. We aimed to examine the use of erectile dysfunction (ED) medications in men with IBD.Methods: This is a nationwide cohort study based on the Danish registries, comprising all men >18 years old with IBD during 1 January 1995 through December 2016. The cohorts included 31,498 men with IBD and 314,980 age-matched men without IBD. Our main outcome was a first prescription of an ED medication. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the hazard rate (HR) for use of ED medications, controlled for multiple time-varying covariates.Results: Overall, 21,966 (69.7%) men had ulcerative colitis (UC) while 9532 (30.3%) had Crohn’s disease (CD). Men with a first ED prescription numbered 3749 (11.9%) (men with IBD) and 30,635 (9.7%) (men without IBD). Adjusting for central nervous system and intestinal anti-inflammatory medications, systemic corticosteroids and co-morbidities, the HR was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.13-1.26) (IBD and no prior IBD operation), and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.20-1.43) (IBD and prior IBD operation). The adjusted HR for UC was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.10-1.24) (no operation) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.27-1.61) (prior operation), and for CD 1.26 (95% CI: 1.15-1.38) (no operation) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35) (prior operation).Discussion: Men with IBD are more likely to fill an ED prescription than men without IBD. This result is significant regardless of a history of IBD surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose We examined the effect of preconception paternal use of azathioprine (AZA)/6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or methotrexate (MTX) and the risk of adverse long-term outcomes in the offspring. Methods This study included all children born in Denmark from 1 January 1997 through 2013. Exposed cohort: children fathered by men who used AZA/6-MP (N = 735) or MTX (N = 209) within three months before conception; unexposed cohort: children fathered by men who did not use AZA/6-MP/MTX (N = 1,056,524). Outcomes: malignancies, autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/schizophrenia/psychosis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results Outcomes: of children: AZA/6-MP exposure: one with leukemia (0.14%), one with ASD/schizophrenia (0.14%) and three with ADHD (0.41%); MTX exposure: three with ADHD (1.4%). Unexposed: 1710 with malignancies (0.16%), 2107 with ASD/schizophrenia (0.20%), 2799 with ADHD (0.26%). Median follow up times were 6.7 [IQR:3.6-11.3] and 9.9 [IQR:5.7-14.3] years respectively. Conclusions There was no negative impact of paternal preconception use of AZA/6-MP/MTX on selected childhood health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A nutrition rich in fruit and vegetables and a healthy lifestyle become more and more important in the industrial countries to counteract oxidative stress and promote health. For many years, it has been possible to control human cutaneous carotenoids noninvasively by resonance Raman spectroscopic systems and by spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. Methods: Ten volunteers took a commercially available fruit and vegetable extract daily for a time period of 5 weeks. A second group served as control group and did not take any supplements (10 volunteers). To monitor the status of the cutaneous carotenoids noninvasively, an optical sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy was applied once a week. Results: The study could demonstrate that the intake of the supplement significantly increase the cutaneous carotenoid values of the young adults by 50%. The control group without any supplementation showed also significantly increased values, ie, by 10%, which might be due to the fact that their lifestyle was controlled. Conclusion: The results illustrate that a biofeedback by measuring the skin carotenoids could improve the lifestyle of young adults and that a regular consumption of fruit and vegetables directly or as a drink can increase the concentration of cutaneous carotenoids significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]