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This article provides a comprehensive overview of projectile motion, specifically focusing on the effects of gravity and the absence of air resistance. It covers various aspects of projectile motion, including the trajectory, maximum height, range, and hitting a moving target. The article explores two scenarios: minimizing launch speed for a given range and maximizing range for a given initial speed. It offers equations and formulas to calculate the launch angle and speed of a projectile on a tilted plane. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating projectile motion in educational settings and concludes that the optimal launch angle is halfway between the vertical and the surface of the plane. [Extracted from the article]

A Book of Forms Containing Forms of Policies, Endorsements, Certificates, and Other Valuable Matter, for the Use of Agents and Others i (New York: Sackett & Mackay, 1866) and C. C. Hine, I Fire Insurance: A Book of Instructions for the Use of the Agents of the United States i (New York: Office of the Insurance Monitor, 1870). Charles Hine, a veteran insurance executive, did not list peddler insurance, covering horse(s), wagon, and stock, in his first two books of forms for fire insurance agents (1866 and 1870), which suggests that the peddler with wagon was not being insured at this time; see C. C. Hine, I Fire Insurance. In late October of 1866, Alexander Stoddard, the general agent of the Underwriters' Agency, an umbrella group of four fire insurance companies based in New York, wrote a circular to their agents. [Extracted from the article]

For years there has been an acknowledged interest in having students assess the rationality of their solutions to physics problems. In fact, many textbooks now routinely include end-of-problem assessments as part of the authors' detailed solutions to examples. Over the past two decades, I have experimented with various forms of end-of-problem assessment strategies for my students in introductory, college-level physics classes. In this note, I will share my observations and recommendations for how this aspect of students' solutions can be productive and valuable for them, while providing insights into the students' understanding for the instructor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Jewish agricultural colonies established by Eastern European Jewish immigrants in Kansas in the 1880s, particularly the Leeser and Touro colonies. The immigrants were sponsored by the Montefiore Agricultural Aid Society (MAAS), the Hebrew Union Agricultural Society (HUAS), and a Missouri Reform congregation. Also cited are the economic factors like crop failures that resulted in the colonies' demise.

26 A Stranger Among His People 148 Bert Levy, Bert Levy, Passover Eve on the East Side, Some Types of the Ghetto, the New York Times, April 16, 1905 Oakland Tribune, July 5, 1908 Yet although Levy overly-sentimentalized these Orthodox Jews and claimed affiliation with them, he also took pains to distance himself from them. 24 "Amusements"; "An American's Success"; "Apropos of Bert Levy"; "Bert Levy Commanded to Entertain Royalty"; "Bert Levy Returns Thanks"; "Bert Levy's Idea of Studio Life; "Levy Going to Berlin"; McIntyre, "Bert Levy, Vaudeville Cartoonist"; "Novel Decorations"; "Rickard's Tivoli Theatre"; Stewart, No Applause, 87-88; "Vaudeville Star Replies to Critic"; "Wouldn't Go to Russia." Marx, J.A. "A Stranger Among His People: The Art, Writing, and Life of Bert Levy", Australian Journal of Jewish Studies XXXIII (2020): 140-164 140 A Stranger Among His People: The Art, Writing, and Life of Bert Levy Jeffrey A. Marx Bert Levy, As Bert Levy Sees Himself, Broadway Magazine, February 1905 The issue of gaze, that is, the awareness that we not only see but, in turn, are seen by others, which consequently influences our behavior, is an ancient concern among the Jewish people, evidenced by apotropaic measures, found in the Babylonian Talmud, to ward off the malevolent glare of demons or for protection against ayin hara, the evil eye, cast by jealous neighbors. 39 He may also have worked briefly for the animation studios of the Bray Production Co. "Bert Levy didn't last long in Hollywood", 42; "Bert Levy Rites Set for Today"; "Bert Levy Signed by M.-T.-G."; "Bert Levy Work for Marx, J.A. - Australian Journal of Jewish Studies XXXIII (2020): 140-164 157 Preview"; "Duck Soup"; Levy, For the Good of the Race; Levy, "Vaudeville Memories"; "Pen and Pencil Jottings"; "Sketches"; US Naturalization Records, "Bert Levy"; "World Judgement Reversed"; "$180 for a Mercedes.". [Extracted from the article]

The various aspects of projectile motion have been analyzed many times in this journal. As a sample, over the years, authors have investigated particular details of the path of a projectile and different situations for launching projectiles. Others have written about a nifty way to determine the maximum height of a projectile, finding the range of a projectile under very general circumstances, and the challenging question of how to hit a moving target. Finally, some authors have published articles detailing fun and interesting approaches to using projectile motion in the classroom or laboratory. This paper will examine a practical projectile motion question involving the game of catch. Specifically, we will find the angle at which a thrower should toss a ball such that its speed when caught is a minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peace (wholeness and integrity) is to be sought as the highest goal in the divorce process, affecting not only the divorcing couple but their family and community as well. The value of 'community' found in the three major Western religious traditions suggests that more than just the immediate family should be involved in crafting divorce settlements and that the involvement of clergy may aid in the divorce process, especially in providing rich religious metaphors and exempla to promote peaceful negotiations. Other religious values such as 'humanity in the divine image,' 'love,' and 'the fullness of time' can be useful in working with the divorcing couple to allow their stories to be told, provide time to sort out their complex emotions, and help reduce the impulse to see the other solely as an enemy to be eliminated in battle. 'Sin and atonement' can serve an important role in restorative justice, while 'the delayed arrival of the divine kingdom' provides a reasonable way to assess what determines success, both for the divorcing couple and for divorce professionals. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Religious values found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can be consciously utilized to help divorcing couples separate more peacefully., Providing opportunities for each spouse to be fully heard and seen is a crucial component in helping to bring more peace into the divorce process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the earliest production of cream cheese by postcolonial Philadelphia farm families. It examines how changes in American cuisine and demographics produced the demand for "fancy" cheeses in the late nineteenth century. It shows how mechanization transformed the dairy industry as it moved from its pastoral period into the industrial Age. This paper also traces how these changes resulted in large-scale cream cheese manufacturing efforts in the late 1870s. Finally, the critical role played by William A. Lawrence, a Chester, NY farmer, who was the first manufacturer of cream cheese in America, is also detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions of diagnostic tools that gauge students' conceptual understanding permeate the literature. Many instructors report their class' normalized gain to characterize the change in scores from pre-test to post-test. We describe a new procedure for characterizing these changes. This procedure, which we call the normalized change, c, involves the ratio of the gain to the maximum possible gain or the loss to the maximum possible loss. We also advocate reporting the average of a class' normalized changes and utilizing a particular statistical and graphical approach for comparing average c values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe percutaneous carotid angioplasty and stenting to treat ocular ischemic syndrome resulting from severe intracranial carotid artery stenosis. Design: Retrospective case series of 3 patients with ocular ischemic syndrome and intracranial carotid artery stenosis. Intervention: All patients underwent carotid artery evaluation, including ultrasound, transcranial Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance angiography,and angiography. Carotid angioplasty and stenting was performed in all patients. Main outcome measures: Carotid angiography, fluorescein angiography, and transcranial Doppler imaging were used to evaluate cerebral and ocular perfusion. Results: Cerebral perfusion improved in all patients. Fluorescein angiography arteriovenous transit times improved in 2 patients. One patient had a correction in the reversal of flow through the ophthalmic artery. Visual acuity remained stable or improved in all patients. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusions: Intracranial carotid artery stenosis is a rare cause of ocular ischemic syndrome. With the advent of carotid angioplasty and stenting, stenotic lesions previously not amenable to carotid endarterectomy are now treatable with stenting. A complete work-up of the carotid artery is necessary in all cases of ocular ischemic syndrome to ensure evaluation of the entire carotid artery system. Early diagnosis of intracranial carotid stenosis is important for preservation of visual function and reducing risk of cerebral vascular event. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ability to accurately predict the consequences of a hazardous fluid release is dependent on three things: the knowledge of the modeler, the quality of the model that is used, and the quality of the input parameters. One of the most difficult problems in consequence modeling is the prediction of post-release multiphase behavior, especially when a multicomponent mixture is involved. Releases from gas/oil wells often fit this description. The wellstream will produce a light crude oil and a gas stream when flashed into a separator. If accidentally released to the atmosphere, the gas, aerosol, and liquid fractions rarely match the phase separations in the separator, or the expectations of the modeler. And, since the wellstream has a wide range of hydrocarbon components, the need to accurately predict the multicomponent behavior becomes more important. Over the years, modelers have used several “rules of thumb” to provide the source term input parameters for modeling multiphase/multicomponent releases and subsequent dispersion. These modeling assumptions can lead to hazard predictions that are very different from reality. The biggest problem with rules of thumb is their inability to account for thermodynamics; thus, they cannot approximate the phase splits and composition changes that do occur. The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of the modeler by providing some insight into the selection of the proper input parameters for multiphase releases of multicomponent fluids. The application of a multiphase release model with multicomponent thermodynamics to a wellstream release is used to illustrate the importance of good modeling techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: PurposeRecent studies have shown a relationship between elevated levels of homocysteine and vascular disease including cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarctions. We evaluated patients with a recent retinal vein occlusion to determine if there was an associated elevation of homocysteine.: DesignAge and gender matched case-controlled study.: ParticipantsTwenty patients with retinal venous occlusive disease within the previous 6-month period and 40 control patients without retinal venous occlusive disease were enrolled in the study.: MethodsTwenty patients with a history of retinal vein occlusion underwent laboratory testing to determine serum homocysteine levels. In addition, a health survey was completed and several laboratory tests relating to vascular disease including cholesterol were checked. Two control groups were selected. The first group included patients with diabetes and no history of retinal vascular occlusive disease. The second control group included nondiabetic patients who also had no prior history of retinal vascular occlusive disease.: Main outcome measuresThe main parameter measured in this study is fasting homocysteine.: ResultsFifteen of 20 patients (75%) with retinal vein occlusion disease had an elevated fasting serum homocysteine level, whereas only 5 of 40 control patients (13%) had an abnormal homocysteine level (P < 0.0005).: ConclusionsPatients with retinal venous occlusive disease have higher levels of homocysteine, which may serve as a modifiable risk factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze clinical outcomes of patients with "treatment‐resistant" neovascular age‐related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema who were switched to intravitreal faricimab injections (IFIs) using a "real‐world" treat‐and‐extend (TAE) protocol. Methods: Seventy‐one eyes from 62 patients receiving antivascular endothelial growth factor injections were evaluated before and after switching to IFI. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Primary endpoints were treatment interval extension and presence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) after switching to IFI. Secondary endpoints included best‐corrected visual acuity, average OCT central subfield thickness, and presence of a pigment epithelium detachment and pigment epithelium detachment height. Results: The average treatment interval after switching to IFI significantly increased from 37.6 ± 10.8 days to 45.2 ± 16.6 days (p = 0.0016). At the last follow‐up, 35% of eyes were able to achieve a fluid‐free status post‐IFI. A chi‐square test of independence validated this finding by showing a significant difference in the OCT findings trending towards less or no fluid on follow‐up (X2 [3, N = 71] = 13.0705; p = 0.0003). The average central subfield thickness decreased from 327.2 ± 89.1 μm to 294.8 ± 86.5 μm (p = 0.0294). Best‐corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pigment epithelium detachment presence, and height had no significant difference after switching to IFI. Conclusions: In "treatment‐resistant" patients receiving anti‐VEGF therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema, switching to IFI in a "real‐world" TAE protocol led to statistically significant improvements in treatment interval and retinal fluid on spectral domain OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on patients from racial and/or ethnic minority groups, causing many to delay healthcare. This study evaluates the role telehealth visits played in helping patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) return for subsequent, in-person eye examinations after the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed 8147 patients with DM who had completed an outpatient ophthalmology and/or optometry visit in 2019 and who were due for return evaluation after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. Factors associated with return for subsequent, in-person eye examination were assessed. Results: The mean age of patients was 68.8 (± 13.0) years, and 42% were women. 7.4% of patients identified as Asian; 2.9% as Black; 3.4% as Hispanic or Latin American; 0.92%, as more than one race; 1.78%, as other races; and 80.7% as White. Patients from racial and/or ethnic minority groups completed fewer in-person eye examinations after the outbreak of COVID-19 compared with White patients (35.6% versus 44.5%, χ2=36.172, P< 0.001). However, both groups accessed telehealth services at a similar rate during this period (21.1% versus 21.9%, χ2=0.417, P=0.518). Importantly, patients who received telehealth services returned for subsequent, in-person eye examinations at substantially higher rates, regardless of race (51.0% and 46.6%, respectively, χ2=1.840, P=0.175). This offset the otherwise lower rate of return experienced by patients from racial and/or ethnic minority groups compared with White patients among the group of patients who did not receive any telehealth services (32.7% versus 42.7%, χ2=36.582, P< 0.001). The impact of telehealth on the likelihood of in-person return remained significant after taking into account age, gender, race, language, residence, severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and vision in a multivariate model. Conclusion: Telehealth initiatives benefited patients from racial and/or ethnic minority groups by reducing disparities in access to eye care experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the anatomic and visual outcomes of patients in whom noninfectious endophthalmitis developed after injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Ophthalmologic evaluations of patients in whom noninfectious endophthalmitis developed after intravitreal triamcinolone took place on the day of injection, at the time of presentation of noninfectious endophthalmitis, at the time of clearance of inflammation, and on follow-up examination. Seventeen eyes of 17 patients were identified from 2 institutions. Noninfectious endophthalmitis was identified based on history of visual loss immediately or soon after injection, lack of ocular pain, hypopyon, anterior or vitreous inflammation, and triamcinolone crystals present in the anterior or posterior chambers. Main outcome measures were Snellen visual acuity (VA) and mean foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography. Results: Mean VA and mean foveal thickness on the day of injection of intravitreal triamcinolone were 20/132 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR], 0.82 ± 0.45) and 432 ± 118 μm, respectively. Mean VA at time of noninfectious endophthalmitis (mean, 1.9 days after injection) was 20/4444 (logMAR, 2.35 ± 0.98). At last follow-up (mean, 57.6 days), VA and mean foveal thickness were 20/56 (logMAR, 0.44 ± 0.30) and 301 ± 71 μm, respectively. Conclusions: VA and mean foveal thickness in all patients with noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone improved to better than preinjection levels in this series. At last follow-up, no patient had sustained visual loss from noninfectious endophthalmitis. Noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone may not exclude good visual and anatomic prognoses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the utilization of a tele-ophthalmology screening program in a low-risk, suburban population of patients with diabetes. Methods: A total of 214 diabetic patients without previously documented diabetic retinopathy (DR) underwent point-of-care non-mydriatic fundus photography through their primary care providers at five Beth Israel Lahey Health locations. The characteristics of the patients who received remote screening were compared with those patients who were eligible for screening but did not take part in the program. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was implemented to examine the cost of screening by tele-ophthalmology compared with in-person examinations. Results: Tele-ophthalmology screening was more likely to be provided for patients who were younger (OR 0.985; 95% CI 0.973– 0.997, p=0.016), who were obese (OR 2.04; 95% CI: 1.47– 2.84, p=0.008), who had an HbA1c above 8.0% (OR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13– 2.26, p=0.031), or who had an eye examination in the past year (OR 5.55; 95% CI: 3.89– 7.92, p< 0.001). Those patients newly diagnosed with DR because of the program were more likely to have diabetic nephropathy (OR 7.79; 95% CI: 1.73– 35.05, p=0.007). TDABC identified a health system cost-savings of between $8 and $29 per patient screened by tele-ophthalmology compared with the cost of in-person eye examinations. Conclusion: Tele-ophthalmology presents an opportunity to reduce the costs of screening patients without prior evidence of DR, especially those who have completed a comprehensive eye examination within the prior year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the functional and anatomic outcomes, as well as cost-effectiveness, of the timing of conversion to intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) in patients with treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Thirty consecutive eyes (25 patients) were identified that were treated with ≥ 3 intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and/or ranibizumab (IVR) injections prior to treatment with ≥ 3 IVA injections. Eyes that received ≤ 6 IVB and/or IVR injections (early-switch) were compared to those that received ≥ 7 injections (late-switch) prior to conversion to IVA. Treatment effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). A micro-simulation model examined the impact of treatment duration on outcomes. Results: Early- (n=18) and late- (n=12) switch eyes had similar vision prior to conversion to IVA. Despite improvements in retinal thickness, only the early-switch eyes maintained vision gains after conversion to IVA through the end of follow-up (p=0.027). Early switch saved $22,884/eye and produced an additional 0.027 QALYs. Conclusion: Early conversion to IVA optimizes vision outcomes and results in lower overall treatment expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the clinical course of a case of intravascular lymphoma. Design: Case report. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: A 56-year-old man presented with blurry vision associated with fever and decreased hearing. Ocular exam including fluorescein angiography and OCT was consistent with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and the patient initially improved with corticosteroids. Clinical deterioration led to further systemic workup and revealed intravascular lymphoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy with resolution of visual complaints. Conclusions: Intravascular lymphoma can present as a masquerade of VKH syndrome. Diagnosis can be aided with measurement of LDH and skin biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the influence of isolated allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells on the growth of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Details of the therapeutic effects of conventional bone marrow transplantation; Transduction of marrow stromal cells; Use of osteogenic induction assay.

In principle, transplantation of mesenchymal progenitor cells would attenuate or possibly correct genetic disorders of bone, cartilage and muscle, but clinical support for this concept is lacking. Here we describe the initial results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in three children with osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder in which osteoblasts produce defective type I collagen, leading to osteopenia, multiple fractures, severe bony deformities and considerably shortened stature. Three months after osteoblast engraftment (1.5-2.0% donor cells), representative specimens of trabecular bone showed histologic changes indicative of new dense bone formation. All patients had increases in total body bone mineral content ranging from 21 to 29 grams (median, 28), compared with predicted values of 0 to 4 grams (median, 0) for healthy children with similar changes in weight. These improvements were associated with increases in growth velocity and reduced frequencies of bone fracture. Thus, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can lead to engraftment of functional mesenchymal progenitor cells, indicating the feasibility of this strategy in the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta and perhaps other mesenchymal stem cell disorders as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the presence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the neck, low back, and upper extremity among ophthalmologists. Design: Survey. Methods: Mail survey using a pretested instrument to 2,529 ophthalmologists in the Northeastern United States; 697 ophthalmologists (28%) returned a completed survey. Results: Self-reported prevalence of neck, upper body, or lower back symptoms in the prior month was 51.8%. Low back pain was present in 39% of respondents, followed by upper extremity symptoms (32.9%) and neck pain (32.6%). Approximately 15% of ophthalmologists were slightly to moderately limited in their work as a result of these symptoms. Conclusion: MSD symptoms appear to be common among ophthalmologists. With a relatively low response rate, however, it is plausible that asypmtomatic subjects represent a large percentage of the nonrespondents. Additional investigation is warranted to evaluate ergonomic risk factor exposure and establish injury prevention guidelines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a reply to a letter on osteogenesis imperfecta. Engraftment of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in the bones of children; Osteocyte arrangement with the formation of lamelalr bones.