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Objectives Performance evaluation of routine laboratory methods to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates to fosfomycin (oral administration) and mecillinam. Methods We collected 347 Enterobacterales isolates from monomicrobial midstream urine samples from women with significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Mostly non- Escherichia coli isolates (i.e. Klebsiella spp. Citrobacter koseri , Enterobacter cloacae complex and Proteus mirabilis) were included (n  = 298). Performance of VITEK®2, ETEST®, and disc diffusion to determine fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility was evaluated following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20776-2:2021 (or 20776-2:2007 for disc diffusion) in comparison with the agar dilution reference method. Results For fosfomycin testing, VITEK®2 and ETEST® were close to reaching ISO requirements (essential agreement  ≥ 90%; bias  ±30%) for C. koseri , E. coli and P. mirabilis. Categorical agreement (CA) and major error rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. Fosfomycin displayed lower activity against E. cloacae complex and Klebsiella spp. with MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50% of tested isolates) equal to the E. coli EUCAST breakpoint (8 mg/L). For these species, the three alternative techniques overestimated MICs and resistance, and did not meet performance criteria. For mecillinam testing of Enterobacterales isolates, apart from P. mirabilis , ETEST® nearly fulfilled ISO requirements, and CA rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. ISO criteria were reached for C. koseri and E. coli testing with VITEK®2, apart from too high rates of very major errors. For P. mirabilis, performances were unacceptable, whatever the routine method used. Conclusions Commercially available tests may serve as alternatives to agar dilution to assess fosfomycin (oral) and mecillinam susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates, with important interspecies variabilities. Additional studies comprising more fosfomycin- and mecillinam-resistant isolates are needed to strengthen our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a research carried out in the Sociology Department at Universidad de las Villas, in accordance with the guidelines of the Network Design and Attention to Gender Opportunities in Higher Education for the year 2020. On the basis of five dimensions, the Study Plan of the Sociology career was analyzed in order to arrive at proposals for the transversality of the gender perspective. It was found that, given the flexibility of the new Study Plan, it was possible to endorse in the contents of 13 subjects of the career, concrete elements of gender ideology, in addition to making proposals from research, postgraduate and extracurricular activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we will present some attempts to analyze tyrosine and nitrotyrosine using capillary electrophoresis and either UV–Visible detection or laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. An argon ion (488 nm) laser is used for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and 7-fluoro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F). A near infrared (780 nm) laser is used for NIR 780 derivatives. The UV–Visible limit of detection is 2.5 μM whereas it is in the range of 30 nM for LIF detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]